From the five ancient poems, the evolution of the time of worshiping the Kitchen God and the Little New Year: a cup of tea and a wisp of smoke, the Emperor of the Kitchen Lord went to the sky, although many online entries are written, according to the local customs "Feng Tu Ji" written by Zhou Chu, a famous figure in the Jin Dynasty in my country, "Feng Tu Ji": "On the night of the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, worship the stove, which means that the Kitchen God went to the sky the next day, and the year of white, so I worship it one day first."
However, Zhou Chu's "Feng Tu Ji" in the Jin Dynasty did not have such records. Moreover, Zhou Chu's version of "Tengtu Ji" is missing. Later generations often quote the content of "Tengtu Ji" from other books, and have not seen the custom of specifically describing the Kitchen God's sacrifice on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. It is just a conjunction with future generations.
So when did the customs of worshiping the kitchen and celebrating the New Year originate?
, written in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, records the folk customs and customs that have been popular in the Yangtze River Basin since the Qin and Han Dynasties.
"Dec. 8th of December is the word ".
" It said, and he also offered pig wine to sacrifice to the Kitchen God. Note: "The Kitchen God is the sacrifice of an old woman, which is honored by a bottle and served in a basin. "It is said that a bottle is used as a bottle, and a pot is filled with food.
Xu Shen's "The Five Classics and Different Meanings" says: "Zhuanxu has a son who said Li, which is Zhurong's fire. Zhu Rong is the Kitchen God, with his surname Su and his name Jili, and his wife and his name Wang and Tuanqiao. "
Han Yinzi's formula, La said that the Kitchen God was seen, and the yellow dog was sacrificed to him, which was called the yellow sheep. Yin family received its blessings, and ordinary people competed for it, so this is why. "
This is quite credible. It tells the original source of the Kitchen God sacrifice and the rituals during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
1, the original sacrifice to the kitchen god, originated from the sacrifice of the ancient fire god. Zhurong was an official in charge of fire in the Zhuanxu era, and was honored as the God of Fire after his death. In ancient times, the use of fire was sacred and mysterious. It can bring warmth, cooked food, and can also cause fire disasters.
2. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were already La Days, which worshipped ancestors and five gods (including the door god, the house god, the kitchen god, the well god), and the specific date of the La Days was not fixed. This presumption is determined by the priests.
3. It was not until the Han Dynasty that the third day of garrison after the winter solstice was clearly stated as "La Day".
4, then the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is a day passed down by the people after the Han Dynasty. Because of the use of monthly calendars, it is fixed on a monthly calendar. At least the Latin Day of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was fixed on December 8th.
5. The most important sacrifice on the Latin American and Southern Dynasties is to use meat and wine to worship the Kitchen God.
6. The so-called sacrifice to the Kitchen God on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month in the Jin Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty on the Internet should have been added by people after the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is very likely that he was from the Song Dynasty.
After actually offering sacrifices to the Kitchen God, we enter the busy period of the traditional New Year Festival. It is a period of time, not a day.
The original text of "Fengtu Ji" by Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty has been lost, but the quotes scattered in other books describe the game of the La Day solar term, which is to hide a hook in your hand, and when you drink, people make people guess positive or negative or odd or even. This can be seen as a leisure activity to welcome the New Year. So at least after the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month between the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it is the Little New Year. After the Kitchen God Sacrifice, everyone will be happy to celebrate the New Year .
The folk delayed the sacrifice of the Kitchen God to the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, which should be after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties had a considerable period of stability and prosperity, and the number of festivals in the twelfth lunar month also increased. For example, the most important thing for the emperor was to hunt, entertain ministers, and the civil social activities were busy. The more the year end, the more likely the fire is to be used, which will delay the sacrifice of the stove until the busiest food production in the New Year.
Moreover, the Tang Dynasty was a stage of Taoism prevailing, and many gods were founded. Li Xian of the Tang Dynasty quoted the "Miscellaneous Five Elements Book" also known as "The Kitchen God is named Chan, and his courtesy name is Ziguo. He wears yellow clothes and has a hair that comes out of the stove." This is Li Xian's explanation of the Kitchen God in the early Tang Dynasty, and you can see the shadow of myth.
The Kitchen God is in charge of the fireworks of the world and is usually in a corner of the kitchen, but it is this quiet and silent state that allows him to understand all the joys and sorrows of this family.
"Watching the mirror when we are married, my husband is walking far away and listening with the mirror.
packing the two ribbons in his arms, afraid of being surprised on the streets.
lamenting down the stairs in his stomach, and coming to kneel down on the stove alone.
Wishing the sadness when he went out, and the Lang returned without returning.
, the earth is full of people, and many good words are said. "Mid-Tang Dynasty Wang Jian's "Mirror Listening to the Words" 》Excerpt
Although it is not clear which day of the Little New Year and the Kitchen God sacrifice in the Tang Dynasty were on the twelfth lunar month, Wang Jian in the mid-Tang Dynasty and Li Kuo in the late Tang Dynasty both listened to the mirror about the Kitchen God.
This is a popular type of witchcraft and divination among the folk. Because the husband is in the distance at this time, the woman wants to get news of her husband's safety.
The woman wipes the mirror she brought when she got married, put it in her arms, and first I bowed down to the Kitchen God devoutly and made a wish, saying that I don’t want to hear sad sounds when I go out today, I just hope my husband is safe. Then she went out with a mirror in her arms.
Look here, this is going out at night, the bright moon shines on the ground, the pedestrians are clean, and the woman goes home in the middle of the night, feeling very happy, because what she hears with all her heart is good words, and she thinks that her husband will come back within three days.
listen to the mirror, One of the methods of divination. On New Year's Eve or the beginning of the year, when you are wearing a mirror and listening to people's words, to determine good and bad luck.
So why does this woman's mirror look forward to her husband going home within three days? It is very likely that the end of the year is approaching, and worshiping the Kitchen God devoutly in the middle of the night, because she believes that the Kitchen God has a spirit. The Kitchen God is the most wise to observe the sorrows and joys of the world, and can bless the peace of the people in the distant house and the safety of the people, and look forward to her husband coming back before the New Year.
at least in the Tang Dynasty, the Kitchen God is among the people, and he served the soul and mood responsibilities of China during the year.
" A cup of tea and a wisp of smoke, the Kitchen God Emperor goes to the sky.
If the Jade Emperor asks about the world, it is worthless for the articles of Taoism. ” The end of the Tang Dynasty · Luo Yin's "Poem to Send the Kitchen God"
Luo Yin is a member of the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. In the chaos, people's peace is even more dependent on various gods. Sacrifice to the Kitchen God should have been with meat and wine since ancient times, but in the end of the world, I am afraid that many people cannot provide decent sacrifices in their homes.
There is only one cup of tea in Luo Yin. At this time, it should be in the late lunar month, and the folk custom of worshiping the Kitchen God has been established. For example, the Kitchen God will ascend to the sky and report to the Jade Emperor about the situation of this family for a year.
Luo Yin here is a sad joke, "Gaoke Prince, if you are in heaven, if the Jade Emperor asks you, you will just say, "My family is too poor, and you sell articles to make a living, but articles are not worth it."
You are kind-hearted, to be honest, it depends on what you will do next year. If this is the case, I am afraid this cup of tea will be difficult.
" A bowl of clear soup poem, the Kitchen Lord will go to the sky today;
If the Jade Emperor asks about the world, articles in troubled times are not worth it. ” Northern Song Dynasty · Lu Mengzheng's "Poems of the Kitchen God"
This is another version, but Lu Mengzheng and Luo Yin's era are not far from each other, and were from the Northern Song Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. Fortunately, the tea is replaced by a bowl of clear soup, with more practical content. Although this soup is likely to be just hot water, the people of the Song Dynasty are used to calling hot water soup.
In fact, the folk sacrifices to the Kitchen God in the late twelfth lunar month should be after the late Tang Dynasty. The long-term wars made people more pious about survival, warmth and coldness, and rely on the protection of the gods, forming major New Year customs.
" Ancient rumor on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen Lord wanted to speak in the sky.
Cloud carriage and horses are small lying, and there are cups and plates in the home to celebrate the rich ceremony.
Send you to the gate of heaven with fullness, long and short, do not return to clouds,
beg for points to return to the market. ” Southern Song Dynasty · Fan Chengda's "Ten Songs of Murata Yuefu in the Twelfth Month" Three Excerpt from the Kitchen God Poems"
This poem by Fan Chengda of the Southern Song Dynasty pointed out that the custom of worshiping the Kitchen God on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month of the Southern Song Dynasty was the custom of worshiping the Kitchen God on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month.
says that on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God went to heaven to speak, so every family worshiped cups and plates, so that the Kitchen God could eat and drink well. After you have enough food and drink, don’t pick on the farmer’s chopsticks and spoons, just say good things, make the Jade Emperor happy, bless you with enough food and clothing, and bring us more benefits. Come, I will continue to worship you next year.
This is already a very festive festive festive festive sense of joy. That is, the custom of the New Year on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month has formed. It may not be that I sincerely believe that the Kitchen God goes to heaven, but every family is like this. It is better to bless multiple gods. More importantly, after the gods eat, people gather to welcome the New Year, which has a very lively atmosphere.
Then the ancients in this poem are actually pushed up, and it was only in the late Tang Dynasty.
However, for ordinary people, such customs have been very old.
Kaoka is a traditional Little New Year, which is the official entry of the New Year and atmosphere.
"The golden furnace and silver candle are spring at night, and the sound of firecrackers are urging the festival to be new.
laughs at the middle age and follow the customs, and buys paper to worship the chef god." Ming Dynasty · Yu Qian's "Slogans on the Twenty-fourth Night of the Twelfth Month"
Welcome Spring is not a day, but starts from the Twelfth Month Month, entering the stage of welcoming the Spring and the New Year.
Yu Qian was a minister of the Ming Dynasty and at least the official was guaranteed. The Little New Year on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month is written in a new and moving way.
The golden stove and silver candlesticks were lit at this time, and the warmth of spring was born at night. The sound of firecrackers urged the arrival of spring and the New Year. I laughed at myself for the lively folk customs after middle age. I bought soup, wine and vegetables with people, boiled paper money, and came to worship the Kitchen God.
However, the Kitchen God here is already very professional, no longer as grand as the Vulcan God, and specializes in the kitchen. The God of Fire probably has another sacrifice, which is Zhurong. The advantage of professionalism is that the Kitchen God must satisfy people's daily diet the most, and food is the most important thing for the people.
The Kitchen God sacrifice will have more specific content, bless the harvest of food and drink, and you will have more than every year.
In fact, the sacrifice of the Kitchen God on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is also circulated among the people. What is the reason?
Some people say that this was decided by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. In the palace, the sacrifice of the Kitchen God on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month was forcibly promoted the tradition of celebrating the Kitchen God on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month in the north. Due to official promotion, it has led to the change of the date of celebrating the Kitchen God in the north. In fact, this is incomplete.
Because why did Emperor Yongzheng set it on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month?
In fact, since the middle and late Ming dynasties, the custom of offering sacrifices to the kitchen has changed due to different places. Many places set the sacrifice of the Kitchen God as two days, 23 days, and 24 days. This may be because the people are appropriately in advance for weather changes. This situation occurred during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and in the early Qing Dynasty, many northern regions had already been popular during the Kangxi period.
Kangxi reigned for 60 years and did not include the sacrifice of the kitchen stove in the palace sacrifice. However, after Yongzheng came to power, he combined the people's sentiment to determine the sacrifice of the kitchen stove in Kunning Palace on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. Emperor Qianlong also specifically stated that sacrifices to the kitchen are not a ceremony that the emperor should do, but this is a joy to the people.
Beijing is a huge distribution center for north-south exchanges. People in the south see that the New Year is popular here on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, and people in the north see that the New Year is celebrating the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. In addition to being surprised, of course, there is an extra festival to make them happy together.
There is also a local custom that southern fishermen celebrate the Little New Year on the 25th day of the 12th lunar month.
Of course, no matter what day the New Year is, we will worship the Kitchen God.
So here I tease you, when did the Kitchen God ascend to heaven?
Sacrifice to the gods is like the gods, and the gods are just the sustenance to add icing on the cake. This is probably the Chinese people's great wisdom and joyful folk customs.
Chu Yi Shengxue interprets the love and beauty in poetry for you.
