Jiang Yi Academician believes that behind carbon neutrality is a high-tech competition. Behind this competition is not the international community forcing my country to implement low carbon, but the need for my country's sustainable development strategy to achieve low carbon. I have summarized the full text of Academician Jiang Yi's 19 speeches and excerpted 30 important thoughts and views on carbon neutrality, including paths to achieve carbon neutrality in many fields such as rural areas, construction, energy, and heating.
Thinking 01-08:
Carbon neutrality target realization path
Thinking 01: China's energy revolution will force industry, transportation and buildings to change their own energy consumption structure
The first step, the main task of China's energy revolution is to establish a new zero-carbon power system. Focusing on the transformation of the entire energy structure, industry, transportation and buildings have forced them to change their own energy consumption structure. The second step is to transform the city's direct and flexible optical storage. The main purpose is not to utilize the roof area, but to solve flexible control of flexible electricity use, participate in regulation, and become a virtual power plant for the power system.
Thinking 02: Behind carbon neutrality is a high-tech competition, which is the sustainable development strategy of my country to achieve low carbon
Academician Jiang believes that behind carbon neutrality is a high-tech competition. Behind this competition is not the international community forcing my country to implement low carbon, but the sustainable development strategy of my country to achieve low carbon.
It is necessary to solve three major problems that must be solved, namely, the heat production of the heat source and the terminal heat are not synchronized in time, the distribution position of the heat source is inconsistent with the geographical location of the heat terminal, and the parameters of the heat source output do not match the parameters required for the terminal heat.
Energy saving on the consumption side relies on the development of innovative energy-saving technologies to improve energy efficiency; at the same time, we cannot lose our tradition of green energy-using and green lifestyle. We must avoid the significant increase in daily energy consumption as income increases.
Thinking 03: Accelerate the construction of intelligent and orderly charging pile systems, and comprehensively recycle all kinds of industrial waste heat
In his opinion, to realize the energy revolution and transform from fossil energy into zero-carbon energy, we need to pay attention to three major investment areas:
New urban buildings Distribution system and intelligent and orderly electric vehicle charging piles. He suggested that we should accelerate the construction of intelligent and orderly charging pile systems, fully tap and utilize electric vehicle battery resources, and at the same time, the electrification of agricultural machinery and equipment should be achieved as soon as possible.
The construction of a new rural energy system has turned rural energy consumers into an important place for zero-carbon energy. He suggested that all kinds of idle roof resources in rural areas should be fully developed and utilized to develop photovoltaic power generation.
makes the process industry low-grade waste heat supply system a heat source for building heating and non-process industrial production. He suggested that all kinds of industrial waste heat should be fully recovered to provide heat sources for northern construction winter heating and non-process manufacturing industries.
Thinking 04: Using the "benchmark value method" to carry out the pilot project of production-side emission control
Direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, and carbon emission responsibilities. There are some problems with using direct carbon emissions as the evaluation indicator only. There are two methods to achieve carbon emission responsibility sharing: tracking carbon emissions and benchmark value method in all links of the entire process.
and put forward work suggestions: further promote in-depth demonstration and international exchange of carbon emission responsibility accounting methods; establish a product benchmark value classification and data statistics system; adopt the "benchmark value method" to carry out production-side emission control pilot; adopt the "benchmark value method" to carry out regional carbon reduction work evaluation and control pilot use the "benchmark value method" to evaluate and control the carbon emission responsibilities of provinces and cities, so as to promote advanced regions to take the lead in achieving carbon peak carbon neutrality.
Thinking 05: Comprehensive zero-carbon transformation can help my country's manufacturing industry truly evolve from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing powerhouse
Jiang Yi pointed out that the construction of zero-carbon energy will drive the construction of new energy systems based on the roof of photovoltaic roof in rural areas, the construction and transformation of the entire industrial chain, the construction and transformation of "optical storage, direct and soft" distribution of urban buildings, the construction and transformation of smart charging pile networks with full coverage, the construction and transformation of cross-regional thermal networks and the construction of large cross-season thermal storage devices.
At that time, most of the current manufacturing capacity has also recovered their costs, and the update will provide good internal and external conditions for comprehensive manufacturing structural adjustment and zero-carbonization transformation. The zero-carbon power system can provide sufficient low-cost electricity for the manufacturing industry, and the comprehensive zero-carbon transformation can help my country's manufacturing industry truly evolve from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.
Thinking 06: First, the countryside, then the city, first construction, transportation and then industry
The overall order of China's energy revolution should be power first, then other, the focus is electricity; first rural, then cities, electricity is also the countryside first; first construction, transportation and industry, because construction and transportation transformation will not affect my country's economic development, will not drag the manufacturing industry down, and it can also form market demand for new industrial industries, so it can promote manufacturing. After these are completed, industrial low-carbon transformation will be particularly smooth.
Thinking 07: Make full use of rural resources to achieve national electrification based on roof photovoltaics
my country's low-carbon energy transformation must be established first and then broken, and a new zero-carbon power system must be built first, and coal-fired units must be gradually eliminated through the market. The bottleneck of this task lies in power storage and in solving the problem of time mismatch between the power supply side and the power consumption side.
Build a new rural energy system in rural areas, fully develop and utilize rural space resources and energy storage resources, realize national electrification based on roof photovoltaics, and process a large amount of waste biomass materials into zero-carbon biomass fuel into the energy market; in cities, develop "optical storage, direct and flexible" building distribution and intelligent orderly charging pile networks, making buildings a flexible load of the power grid.
Thinking 08: Change my country's power system from centralized to distributed, forming a new power network
"To realize zero-carbon energy, we need to fully electrify and minimize our dependence on fossil fuels as much as possible." Jiang Yi believes that this choice will promote my country's power system from centralized to distributed, forming a new power grid. At the same time, on the power terminal, flexible loads for flexible electricity use will be developed to achieve effective absorption of wind power and photoelectricity. In terms of fuel, commercialized biomass energy will also be vigorously developed. The above low-carbon revolutions in energy will drive related infrastructure investment in and new related zero-carbon industries.
Thinking 08-14:
1 Rural carbon neutrality target realization path
Thinking 09: Build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Rural areas have huge advantages
Build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Photovoltaic power generation, wind power and other projects require the most space resources, and rural areas have a particularly large advantage. Through high-score satellite map plus artificial intelligence , the situation of rural roofs across the country was comprehensively analyzed. According to statistics, the total area of various roofs in rural areas in my country is 27.3 billion square meters. "These roofs bring opportunities for rural photovoltaic development.
Jiang Yi said that based on the current 20-40 kW of roof photovoltaics that can be installed per household, the total number of actual available roofs in rural areas is 1.97 billion kW, and the annual power generation is expected to be close to 3 trillion kWh. "Compared with the total electricity consumption of more than 7.2 trillion kWh in 2019, the 3 trillion kWh has exceeded 1/3 of the amount.
Thinking 10: Make good use of rural roofs and allow villagers to make full use of electricity on the basis of surplus of at least 1.5 trillion kWh of electricity
Jiang Yi said that if rural roofs are used well, comprehensive electrification can be achieved. Not only can electricity be used to replace the current rural fuel, coal and gas, but it can also have a surplus of at least 1.5 trillion kWh of electricity on the basis of allowing villagers to make full use of electricity.
"There are many roofs in rural areas, but now most places develop the way they do is to rent roofs from villagers in the village, and then install photovoltaics. The property rights belong to the enterprise. Villagers still need to buy electricity normally in daily life. In fact, in addition to this method, rural electricity can be used by themselves."
Jiang Yi said that at present, the function of rural DC microgrid is to make full use of various idle roofs in the village, receive surplus electricity from each household, and then store it online to regulate and store it, completely electrify the whole village, and eliminate coal, oil, gas and biomass fuel.
Thinking 11: To explore the carbon neutrality path of urban and rural energy systems, first of all, we must define the boundary range clearly
To discuss the carbon neutrality path of urban and rural energy systems, first of all, we must define the boundary range clearly. The urban and rural energy systems mainly include three major departments: industry, transportation and construction.
From the perspective of industry, it is divided into process industry and non-process industry. The process industry uses energy as the basic raw material, while the non-process industry uses energy mainly to provide heat as fuel, and then to use electricity. Indirect carbon emissions are caused by electricity.
Transportation mainly consists of freight, passenger transport, and passenger cars. In the future, passenger cars will gradually be electrified. From the perspective of transportation department management, I used to pay more attention to operating vehicles, including freight and passenger transport.
From the perspective of the architectural field, there are differences between public buildings and residential buildings, and urban buildings and rural buildings. Their characteristics are different, so they should be clearly defined.
Thinking 12: Villages are like small power plants, and they output high-quality power
Relying on rural DC micronets, making full use of various idle roofs, receiving wealthy electricity from every household, and then storing them online to adjust and store them. "Jiang Yi explained that a household has a photovoltaic system, equipped with a 3-5 kWh battery, and the self-use power is sufficient to solve the problem.
and then meets the village's public electricity, large-scale agricultural machine charging, agricultural and agricultural and sideline products production electricity, etc. "After the excess electricity is stored and adjusted, it will be surfed in the time agreed with the power grid, or according to the power grid dispatch requirements.
Thinking 13: Rural areas can completely change the rural energy structure by developing roof photovoltaics
The central government proposed the "dual carbon" strategy to find new solutions to rural energy problems and a new opportunity. Starting from the "dual carbon", the main energy in the future is electricity. Electricity is mainly composed of wind power and optoelectronics, and the most needed resource for the development of wind power and optoelectronics is space.
Just in terms of spatial resources, rural areas have particularly great advantages. Seizing this advantage, developing a rural new energy system based on rooftop photovoltaics can completely change the energy structure of the countryside and enable the rural social and economic development level to achieve a leap forward.
Thinking 14: Energy supply solution under the zero carbon vision
Establish a new zero carbon power system to realize the revolution in the power system, including changing the power structure and regulation methods. This is a revolutionary change. It is necessary to build a cross-regional heat network with cross-season energy storage facilities to comprehensively coordinate the supply, demand and storage of low-grade heat. This includes changing the power supply from the current centralized power supply to a power supply combining centralized and distributed power supply. Now the power grid regulation is adjusted by the power side generator set, and in the future it will become a joint adjustment between power supply and terminal.
Thinking 15-22:
1 Construction carbon neutrality target realization path
Thinking 15: Buildings achieve full electrification, and it is necessary to convert from the current coal-fired power to green electricity
Reduce direct carbon emissions from building operations: direct carbon emissions: direct emissions from CO2 caused by combustion or energy; direct carbon emissions related to building operations: full electrification, no longer use fuel.
Reduce indirect carbon dioxide emissions in building operations: buildings are fully electrified, and electricity must be converted from the current coal-fired power to green electricity; green electricity: nuclear power, hydropower, wind power, photoelectric power, biomass power generation my country's current green electricity accounts for 30% of the total electricity, reaching half by 2030, and all green electricity in 2045.
Thinking 16: Building power distribution systems will become an important supporting technology for buildings to achieve the ‘dual carbon’ goal.
"Photo-storage direct and soft" is the abbreviation of the four technologies of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC power distribution and flexible energy use in the construction field. However, it is not a simple combination, but an organic fusion and forming a whole to achieve flexible energy use and achieve friendly interaction between the building and the power grid. The building power distribution system will become an important supporting technology for construction and related departments to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. "
Thinking 17: Promoting zero carbon will promote the development and progress of a large number of new related technologies, thereby achieving sustainable development
Jiang Yi describes a low-carbon future. With the development of a low-carbon society, heat will become more and more precious. "Because in the past, fuel used to provide heat, and then turn heat into electricity, heat in front and electricity at the end. After the implementation of zero carbon, electricity is in front, wind power, optoelectronics, nuclear power, and hydropower are all electricity, and heat is at the end, so the preciousness of heat is highlighted. "
At this time, large-scale cross-season heat storage has become feasible in economic and low-carbon development, and the waste heat can be collected, and waste will be turned into treasure, and zero carbon is achieved. With energy storage devices, heat storage will be cheaper than electricity storage.
He said that through the technological revolution , building zero carbon operation will be achieved around 2050. "And it is very important that promoting zero carbon does not add obstacles and costs to oneself, but will promote the development and progress of a large number of new related technologies, thereby achieving sustainable development. ”
Thinking 18: In the process of promoting carbon neutrality in the construction field, we must avoid large-scale demolition and construction
Jiang Yi pointed out that optimizing the carbon emission management of buildings requires accounting and control of the total carbon emissions from the entire life cycle, rather than using the commonly used list method to calculate the carbon emissions of that year.Jiang Yi emphasized that in the process of promoting carbon neutrality, we must avoid large-scale demolition and construction, shift the focus of construction from new construction to maintenance and functional improvement, develop low-carbon life extension and function improvement technologies for buildings, and realize strategic transfer in the construction field; reduce the occurrence of building operations Carbon emissions.
Regarding how to promote the construction of a new zero-carbon energy system in rural areas, Jiang Yi suggested: establish an adaptive financing mechanism, sort out various subsidy policies related to rural areas, concentrate financial resources, build rural micronets and biomass processing capabilities, and realize the construction of public parts of the new energy system; provide government guarantees, low-interest loan methods Solve the transformation of the roof photovoltaic and indoor electricity system of each farmer, realize the free electricity consumption of farmers, solve the full energy consumption of life and production, and can also rely on the remaining power to go online to repay the principal and interest.
Thinking 19: Comprehensive electrification is the main way to achieve the dual carbon goal
Low carbon and carbon reduction in buildings refer to reducing the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions during the operation of the building. Comprehensive electrification is the main way to achieve the dual carbon goal. Of course, it is necessary to continue to carry out building energy conservation work, which is the basis for achieving the dual carbon goal.
In addition, under the background of fully implementing the "dual carbon" goal, the construction industry should make more contributions to the "zero carbonization" of the power system.The power system needs to achieve a revolutionary transformation from the current centralized power system based on fossil energy to a new power system combining centralized and distributed power mainly based on renewable power.
In the new power system, wind power and optoelectronics will account for more than 80% of the installed power generation capacity and more than 60% of the power generation capacity. Effectively absorbing wind power and optoelectronics will become the most critical issue in the development of wind power and optoelectronics. Through a series of building energy-consuming technologies, cutting peaks and filling valleys and achieving flexible electricity can play a major role in the development of wind power and optoelectronics, which requires buildings to undergo changes in the distribution model.
Thinking 20: Improve the performance of a building, which is more beautiful than looking outside the building. It may be much more important
If there is a house built in 30 years, what should I do? First of all, I am sure that I will not dismantle it, and I will start over. This matter is inconsistent with what I just said. Then to improve its quality, if there is no elevator, fill it up, this will be very beneficial to the elderly.
Then maintain the structural transformation, especially in the northern region. The house is kept warm and the doors and windows are well made, which will have a particularly great effect on improving the performance of the house, especially in winter, and saving energy, and will play a great role. Therefore, improving the performance of a building may be much more important than looking at the outside of the building.
Thinking 21: The low-carbon transformation of public buildings should focus on four directions
As a public building in the key areas of building energy conservation, it needs to develop from strengthening the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity to both control of total energy consumption and carbon emissions and intensity; from further saving and improving the energy efficiency of buildings and systems, it is necessary to improve the flexibility and resilience of building energy consumption systems, build a building, community and park energy system with direct and flexible light storage, and improve the utilization of renewable energy and absorb renewable power in the power grid; from formulating rules and regulations and standard systems to more scientific and strict measures; it is necessary to establish a full-process energy-saving and low-carbon management system to significantly reduce the carbon emission intensity of various types of public buildings as soon as possible.
Thinking 22: Batteries will be the most valuable resource for energy storage regulation in the future
There are two major difficulties facing the development of zero-carbon electricity. One is where the space is. Wind power and photoelectric installation requires space. Building roofs are actually a very good resource. They should be used well to develop roof photovoltaic power generation; the other problem is that the development of wind power and photovoltaic power is the matching between the power side and the power load. Once the light is turned off, the power plant must generate less power, and the two must be balanced.
However, wind power and photoelectricity cannot be controlled by humans, so the power consumption side must be adjusted accordingly. In this regard, construction can play a great role, especially in the future, and battery will be the most valuable resource for energy storage regulation in the future.
Thinking 23-27:
1 Energy carbon neutrality target realization path
Thinking 23: Under the operating rules of the new power system, terminal energy consumption facilities will become an indispensable part of the power system
Talking about the key to achieving zero carbon island in Hainan Province, Academician Jiang Yi pointed out that the establishment of a new power system with zero carbon is a key factor in the overall goal realization. Under the operating rules of the new power system, terminal energy use facilities such as buildings and cars will become an indispensable part of the power system.
The application of some energy-saving technologies has changed the nature of buildings and cars. In the future energy structure, the choice of architectural design and automobiles will not only consider the effect of their use, but also consider what economic benefits can be brought to investors and users.
Thinking 24: How to deal with straw absorption is an important task that must be solved to achieve carbon neutrality
For biomass, we generally believe that it is zero carbon, but different ways of absorption will produce nitrous oxide and methane . These two gases are non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, and are more powerful than greenhouse effect produced by carbon dioxide.
In China's biomass consumption method, the non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas produced by rice straw returning to the fields accounts for a large proportion of my country's non-second greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, how to deal with straw absorption and minimize its emissions is an important task that must be faced and solved in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.
Thinking 25: In the future, the building will be a new energy complex integrating power generation, electricity use and electricity storage.
Intelligent buildings will not only meet the needs of green and low-carbon energy consumption, but also meet the needs of flexible power balance in the power system. The use area of large buildings from top to bottom, from roofs, facades and even underground spaces will become valuable resources. Through more scientific and systematic design and development, the utilization efficiency will be continuously improved and application scenarios will be expanded to provide users with new value experiences and services. From the current technological development trends, it can be predicted that the integration of optoelectronic technology, energy storage technology and architectural design will have great potential.
1 Thinking 26: The rational consumption of biomass requires the joint efforts of both dry and wet
From the perspective of carbon neutrality, the best way is - for dry biomass, it is to make molded fuel first, then burn, and there will be no non-dual gas emissions in the whole process; for wet biomass, it is fermentation of worm gas , then separate carbon dioxide, use or landfill this part of carbon dioxide, the remaining methane is biogas, and the worm slag and worm liquid are organic fertilizers, which can replace some chemical fertilizers. In this way, it may be the best way to deal with it.
Thinking 27: The "dual production and dual output" of grain and energy has become an important measure for my country to solve the problems of rural areas and agriculture
We must establish a new rural energy system based on roof photovoltaics to achieve comprehensive electrification and replace all fossil energy. Comprehensively solve environmental, solid waste and health problems, replace biomass energy, cooperate with photovoltaic power to make zero-carbon fuels, supply the energy market, add new sources of income to farmers in rural areas and forest areas, and realize the "dual production and dual output" of rural land, grain and energy, which has become an important measure for my country to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas. To the point of falling into the direction of biomass development, it is to develop commercialized biomass fuel to replace fossil fuels and reduce direct carbon emissions generated by fossil energy combustion.
Thinking 28-30:
Heating carbon neutrality target realization path
Thinking 28: Prepare hot freshwater through seawater desalination, realize water-heat cogeneration, water-heat cogeneration, water-heat co-transmission
Talking about the realization of zero-carbon heating in northern cities in my country, Jiang Yi specifically pointed out:
The waste heat of nuclear power, thermal power and steel plants in coastal areas should be developed and utilized, and hot freshwater should be prepared through seawater desalination to achieve water-heat co-generation, water-heat co-transmission, water-heat storage, and water-heat separation.
develops and utilizes the 300 million kilowatts of thermal power retained in the north to obtain 400 million kilowatts of heat, and uses the heat storage device and all waste heat to heat the 8 billion square meters of building.
Part of the waste heat of steel, nonferrous, chemical industry and garbage incineration can also be heated by 1 billion square meters, and a cross-seasonal heat storage device is established to make full use of the waste heat emitted throughout the year.
For buildings that are difficult to connect to the centralized heat network of 3 billion square meters, it is heated through a variety of electric heat pump methods such as centralized water sources and dispersed air sources.
Thinking 29: Develop and utilize nuclear power, thermal power, etc. in coastal areas, and heat the 8 billion square meters of buildings in urban areas, and heat the waste heat of nuclear power, thermal power, and steel plants in coastal areas, prepare fresh water through seawater desalination, and realize the co-production of water and heat. In addition, the construction of several large cross-season heat storage devices can heat the 8 billion square meters of buildings in urban areas;
develop and utilize the 300 million kilowatts of thermal power retained in northern areas, and heat can be heated for 8 billion square meters of buildings through heat storage and waste heat recovery;
utilizes some steel, chemical industries, waste incineration and waste heat discharge, and can also be 10 Building heating is supplied to 100 million square meters;
is supplied to heat through a variety of electric heat pumps, such as centralized water sources, dispersed air sources, etc. These can provide heating for buildings that are difficult to connect to the centralized heat network of 3 billion square meters.
Thinking 30: 15% of the social carbon reduction depends on heat pumps, and waste heat recovery can also significantly reduce pollutants in flue gas
Academician Jiang Yi pointed out in the report that to achieve the carbon neutrality goal, zero-carbon energy and low-carbon energy structure based on renewable energy must be achieved. The new challenge of heat pump technology is to be efficient, the second is high temperature and dryness, and the third is green working fluid.
The entire society's carbon reduction is 15% by heat pump. Heat pumps can replace about 350 million tons in the construction field, 100 million tonnes to centralized heating, and 1 billion tons in industrial production. Recovering waste heat can also significantly reduce pollutants in flue gas, improve the atmospheric environment, and achieve co-control of carbon pollution.
! Development path of China's zero-carbon park: policies, research, cases and plans
