thyroid cancer
thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial epithelium of the thyroid follicular or parafollicular epithelial cells. It is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck. According to statistics, the number of thyroid cancer cases in my country in 2015 was about 201,000, ranking 7th in the cancer incidence spectrum in my country. Global cancer incidence data in 2018 show that the incidence of standardized thyroid cancer in women is 3.3 times that in men.
thyroid
What is the use of the human body?
thyroid is the largest endocrine organ in the human body. Its function is mainly to synthesize and secrete thyroid hormone .
thyroid hormone is crucial to regulate the body's metabolism, the growth and development of children and adolescents. Excessive secretion of thyroid hormones in the human body is hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism), which is mainly manifested as hyperemetic, sweating, accelerated heartbeat or significant weight loss; excessive secretion is hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), which is mainly manifested as inattention, memory loss, intellectual loss or slow reaction.
What symptoms do the body appear?
should be alert to thyroid cancer?
The early clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer are not obvious, and it is usually accidental that there is a hard and uneven mass in the neck thyroid gland. The lump will gradually increase and move up and down as you swallow.
Advanced thyroid cancer mass is mostly unable to move. It is accompanied by local pain and can often compress the trachea and esophagus, causing the trachea and esophagus to move.
When local invasion of the tumor is severe, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing or sympathetic nerve compression may occur, causing Horner syndrome (shortness of pupil, but normal reflex to light, invasive eyeballs, ptosis of ptosis, and less or no sweat on the affected face); invasion of the cervical plexus may cause symptoms such as ears, occipitals, shoulders, etc., which invades the neck lymph nodes, which may be accompanied by enlarged neck lymph nodes.
can show corresponding clinical manifestations when combined with abnormal thyroid function. For example, hyperthyroidism may be accompanied by facial flushing and tachycardia. Special types of thyroid cancer, such as patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, may experience facial flushing and stubborn diarrhea.
My physical examination found a nodule on the thyroid gland.
Does thyroid cancer?
thyroid nodules refer to clumps growing on the surface or inside of the thyroid gland. They are relatively common, but only 1% of the nodules in are malignant . If the physical examination finds thyroid nodules, don’t worry too much. Further examination is required to confirm whether it is benign or malignant.
Do you need to do thyroid cancer screening projects during routine physical examination?
Latest data shows that the incidence of thyroid cancer in my country has shown an upward trend in recent years, and the reasons are related to many factors such as unhealthy lifestyle, advances in medical technology, increased coverage of medical insurance, and overdiagnosis of thyroid nodules.
thyroid cancer has the biological properties of inert growth and has a very low mortality rate. Currently, no sufficient and direct evidence of the benefits of thyroid cancer screening has been found in the study. Authoritative guidelines do not recommend routine thyroid cancer screening for asymptomatic populations. However, if you meet the conditions for people at high risk of thyroid cancer, regular screening is still recommended.
What are the high-risk groups for thyroid cancer?
1. Female.
2. Those with a past or family history of thyroid cancer.
such as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine adenoma disease type 2 (MEN2), familial multiple polyposis and certain thyroid cancer syndromes [such as multiple hamartoma syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Carney syndrome, Werner syndrome and Gardner syndrome, etc.].
3. People with a history of radiation exposure to the head and neck or a history of radiation dust contact in childhood.
4. Individuals who have received radiotherapy on the head and neck due to other diseases.
Imaging examination for radiation in the physical examination item
Will increase the risk of thyroid cancer?
Reducing unnecessary medical radiation exposure is one of the effective preventive measures for thyroid cancer. However, for necessary imaging examinations, the radiation dose of the examination is within the safe range, and the benefits of examinations are far higher than risks for high-risk groups.
What should I do if I have thyroid cancer?
Once diagnosed, you should go to a regular hospital. Under the guidance of a doctor, you should clarify the location, size, typing, stage, gene mutation and other conditions, and choose appropriate treatment plans and treatment time based on the clinical characteristics of your own disease and combined with the physiological conditions of the body, and actively cooperate with examination and treatment. The treatment of thyroid cancer should be dominated by surgery, combined with iodine-131 treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted drug therapy and other treatment methods, and jointly negotiate with departments such as nuclear medicine, endocrine, radiotherapy, and oncology according to the patient's different conditions to formulate an individualized comprehensive treatment plan.
