article: Huang Yaning (the attending physician of the Department of Pediatric Infection at Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, has a son and a daughter. His blog "Stories of Difficult Diseases" (blog.roodo.com/pedi_zone) was selected as the Best Life Intelligence Recommendation of the Year at the 5th Chinese Blog Awards in 2009. He has written books such as "From Now, Take Children Away from Allergies" and "Oh! These annoying little troubles: Easily understand vaccines, flu, bacteria and viruses".)
(Picture provided by: Parent-child Baby Life Fan Leo)
Infects children with respiratory viruses, and if I introduce each of them in detail today, it would be very boring.
Just like when we watch movies, we always hope that the characters in the play have their own characteristics and distinct characters, so that the audience can tell who is the good person and who is the bad person. However, the movie "Viral Infection" is very ugly because the symptoms caused by each virus are almost the same, and clinically impossible to distinguish. Many times the plot has come to an end, and I don’t know who the protagonist is!
So I have specially selected four distinctive respiratory viruses here, and they are also casts that often appear in newspapers and magazines. Let me introduce them to you. The symptoms of these four viruses are very similar, and they can also cause general colds, pneumonia, acute bronchioles, otitis media, sinusitis, etc. We try to find differences between the same and find some clues in the symptoms, and give the doctor some clues to make a differential diagnosis.
adenovirus
nickname: Shaoji
General symptoms: high fever, cough.
Special symptoms: redness in the eyes, conjunctivitis, suppuration of tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
Heroic deeds: It often burns for more than seven days, scares the doctor to death, and makes parents tired and fuck them.
Test method: The throat is collected and tested to send virus culture. It takes seven days or even longer to cultivate the virus. Often, the patient will be cured and returned home before the report comes out.
How to deal with it: None, you can only drink more water and rest more.
Note: The white blood cells and inflammation index are often high during blood tests in patients with adenovirus, so they are often mistaken for bacterial infections, but this is not the case. But it is not to be concealed that adenovirus may also be associated with bacterial infection several days after infection, so for every pediatrician, how to make the correct diagnosis and use antibiotics in a timely manner is a big test.
Influenza virus
nickname: Winter killer
General symptoms: fever, cough, runny nose.
Special symptoms: Influenza B type is prone to muscle soreness.
Heroic deeds: Fever is about three to five days, and it will be a pandemic every winter, causing serious complications for young children and the elderly.
Test method: Quick throat screening can be diagnosed quickly, but it is not 100% accurate, and sometimes it can cause misjudgment. Traditional virus culture takes about five days, and it is not easy to get over it.
How to deal with it: Among these four viruses, the only oral drug can be used, which is the famous "Get Flu", which has a good effect within two days of onset of the disease. It can be taken by pregnant women and babies. There is also a preventive influenza vaccine, which can be vaccinated every autumn and winter.
respiratory fusion virus
nickname: asthma manufacturing machine
General symptoms: fever, cough, and mild asthma.
Special symptoms: often cause acute bronchiortitis, asthma attacks, infants and young children, and long-term cough does not heal for more than two weeks.
Heroic deeds: Premature babies and children with congenital heart disease may be hospitalized or even die if they are infected with this virus. It is also one of the main viruses that cause the hospitalization of "acute bronchiolithritis" in children in general.
Test method: The throat or sputum can be sent for quick screening, and the report will come out within two days.
How to deal with it:
has an inhaled antiviral drug ribavirin, but there are many side effects and the possibility of teratogenicity, so it will not be used on every child, only in the intensive care unit.In addition, for high-risk extremely premature babies and congenital heart disease children, health insurance pays a single antibody against the virus (Synagis) that can be protected until one year old or two years old, but one dose is required every month.
If the acute bronchiolititis caused by this virus infection does not affect appetite and sleep, you can take care of it at home. It doesn’t matter if you let your child drink boiled water and rest more. Eat less. You can use phlegm-reducing medicines if necessary. If the infection is severe, you are already wheezing and unable to sleep and refuse to drink water, you need to be hospitalized for treatment.
The treatments used during hospitalization include oxygen tent (make the child breathing more comfortable), infusion (make the dehydrated child get water replenishment), and tracheal dilators. Many hospitals will teach parents to pat phlegm or help pump phlegm. However, unless they are premature babies or bedridden patients who cannot move, these pat phlegm and pump phlegm are of limited help.
Paraflu virus
Nickname: King of throat lock
General symptoms: fever, cough, throat lock.
Special symptoms: cause "croup" disease, coughing like a dog barking, hoarse voice, and difficulty breathing. If adults get this virus, they will be hoarse and speechless.
Heroic deeds: If the throat choke is too severe, the child may be sent to the emergency room for emergency treatment in the middle of the night due to difficulty breathing.
Test method: The throat is collected and tested to send virus culture, and it takes five days or even longer to cultivate the virus.
How to deal with it: None, drink boiled water and rest more, and you will be cured in about one to two weeks. You can use an aerosol machine or bathroom steam at home to let your baby inhale moist air, which can relieve symptoms.
Note: If the throat lock is too serious, an intramuscular injection needle will be given first in the emergency room, which contains long-acting steroids to avoid further deterioration. In addition, the adrenaline medicine that inhales steam can temporarily reduce the swelling of the vocal cords, and the crying will be more pleasant, but once the effect of the medicine is over, it will return to its original hoarseness.
OK! I quickly introduced the four most common respiratory viruses in children. Next time the doctor tells you which virus may be infected, I can go here to review it. The above-mentioned test method refers to the examination that can be provided by "general medical institutions". Some large medical centers may have special rapid screening, which may require self-payment, so I will not explain in detail here.
If your child gets viral pneumonia or bronchiolitis and still fails to get the answer at the end, it is very likely that it is an infection that does not belong to these four viruses. Believe me, there are still many viruses that are not as popular as possible. I can immediately list a long list of rhinoviruses, boca viruses, various coronaviruses, HMPV viruses... So parents, don't force pediatricians to give you a clear answer, because this is an impossible task. Except for influenza, all viruses have no cure and can only be treated with symptoms. So even if you know the answer, it is just a psychological desire for the "truth"!
Last mention, phlegm shooting and phlegm pumping are not very effective for children with normal activity. Please give up your hands and replace phlegm shooting with gentle comfort!
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