The people from Jiangdong are raised and the opportunity is to compete with the world. You are not as good as me. To select talents and assign their own talents, and to protect Jiangdong, I don’t know that you are
——"The Book of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Sun Po Lu to Counterattack"
The above sentence was in the 5th year of Jian'an. When he was hunting, Sun Ce was assassinated by his disciples of the prefect of Wujun . When he was seriously injured and about to die, he said to his second brother . Don’t simply understand this sentence as Sun Ce summarizing the advantages and disadvantages between himself and his younger brother Sun Quan. In fact, Sun Ce’s words were conveying an important message to Sun Quan: after his death, Sun Quan would try every means to reconcile with the aristocratic families in Jiangdong.
Lu Xun , as an important minister of Jiangdong who served as the general and prime minister, he has been in charge of Jiangdong's military and political power for decades. It is no exaggeration to say that he is Sun Quan's right-hand man. In addition, Lu Xun himself married Sun Ce's daughter, which easily makes people feel that Lu Xun and the Sun family have been intimate from the beginning.
But in fact, during the period when Sun Ce just attacked Jiangdong, the relationship between the Lu family and the Sun family was not only not close, but also had a deep hatred.
In the chaotic times of war, for the needs of survival and interests, the foreign warlord Sun family and the local aristocratic family can also put down their blood hatred and form an alliance, but these must have a prerequisite: Sun Ce, who has too much blood from the Jiangdong aristocratic family, must die.
poor families and aristocratic families
Sun Jian , Sun Ce and Sun Quan father and son are typical poor warlords, while Lu Xun's Lu family is an absolute family. In the chaotic times of the late Han Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, there were many examples of poor warlords and aristocratic families establishing alliances, but the Sun family and the Lu family are very special. A series of operations by Sun Jian and Sun Ce father and son made the Sun family almost completely become enemies of the Jiangdong clan.
" Three Kingdoms " records that the Sun family may have been after Sun Wu , it is difficult to verify whether this statement was the Sun family's act of giving on their faces or whether it was indeed related to the Sun Quan family's lineage, but by the time of Sun Jian, the Sun family had no background at all, which was an objective fact.
Sun Jian's father Sun Zhong is said to "living with his mother and planting melons for his business", which is similar to Liu Bei weaving mats and selling shoes with his mother.
Hou When the Yellow Turban Rebellion , Sun Jian raised an armed force in the Huai Si area, which could barely become a small warlord. However, in the subsequent era of heroic separatism, not to mention a small warlord, even a large warlord would not last long if he did not receive external support, and this external support often comes from aristocratic families.
The help that the aristocratic families can provide to warlords mainly includes money, grain and officials. Almost all the aristocratic families are big landlords, with a lot of money and grain in their hands. Most of the children of the aristocratic families have the opportunity to study and can serve as officials in areas ruled by warlords to ensure that the area can become a reliable rear of the warlords.
This attribute of the aristocratic family is destined to be difficult for warlords to completely wander outside the aristocratic family.
Of course, some aristocratic families are warlords themselves, and the representatives of aristocratic warlords must of course belong to the Yuan brothers. The Yuan family has four generations and three dukes, and they are the aristocratic families among the aristocratic families. But what is interesting is that the two brothers Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu broke up. After the breakup, the Yuan brothers played the roles respectively: Yuan Shao continued to act as a representative of the aristocratic family, while Yuan Shu challenged the old order maintained by Yuan Shao.
The little warlord Sun Jian defected to the great warlord Yuan Shu at this time, and attacked the Han clan relative Liu Biao for Yuan Shu, and was killed by Liu Biao's subordinate Huang Zu . After Sun Jian's death, Sun Ce continued to work hard for Yuan Shu and led his army to capture Jiangdong.
The Lu family where Lu Xun is located is a famous family in Jiangdong.
The Lu family migrated to Jiangdong around History period. Since the end of the Western Han Dynasty, family members have been officials in the court for a long time. History has become a prominent family in the local area in the early days. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Lu family has become an important family in the Jiangdong region.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, even though the Eastern Han regime had already died in name only, most of the aristocratic families and families across the country still had a certain sense of identity with Han Dynasty .
The aristocratic families who recognized the Han Empire would naturally not have any good feelings for "grassroots warlords" and "disrupted traitors" like Sun Ce. Therefore, during the process of Sun Ce seizing Jiangdong, it was accompanied by fierce confrontation with the aristocratic families, and Sun Ce suppressed the resistance of the aristocratic families in a bloody suppression.
This is the contradiction between the Sun family and the Lu family in the general context. is the essence of the local family that maintains the old order and the foreign grassroots warlords who challenge the old order. From the perspective of his attitude towards the Han Empire, we can call this contradiction "national hatred."
Of course, in addition to "national hatred", the Sun family and the Lu family also have "family hatred".
Blood Fate
Lu Xun's original name is Lu Yi . His father died early. Lu Xun lived with Kang's grandfather Lu Kang when he was young. Because he was more successful, Lu Kang attached more importance to Lu Xun, his junior.
When Yuan Shu broke up with Yuan Shao, he used the method of borrowing rice to test the attitude of Lu Kang, who was the prefect of Lujiang at the time. As a result, Lu Kang firmly rejected Yuan Shu's request to borrow rice, which directly expressed his attitude. He was on the side of the aristocratic alliance represented by Yuan Shao. Yuan Shu was furious and sent Sun Ce to attack Lu Kang. Lu Kang led some of his tribesmen to stay and hold the city, but sent Lu Xun and other juniors back to their hometown. Lu Xun's courtesy name is Boyan, and he was from Wujun. The real name is the great clan of Shijiangdong. Xun Shao was orphan, and he followed his ancestor Lujiang prefect Kang Zai's official position. Yuan Shu had a gap with Kang and was about to attack Kang. Kang sent Xun and his relatives back to Wu.
- "The Three Kingdoms Book of Wu Shu Lu Xun"
The siege between Lu Kang and Sun Ce took nearly 2 years. During this period, Lu Kang died of illness, and Sun Ce eventually broke through the city and became a man. Most of the Lu clans in the city were implicated, and nearly half of the dead were killed.
, and wanted to attack Xuzhou , and asked for 30,000 hu of rice from Lu Kang, the prefect of Lujiang. Kang Bulu, Shu was furious. Ce once visited Kang, but Kang did not see him, so he ordered the chief clerk to accept him. The plan has a grudge. Shu sent Ce to attack Kang and said, "I used Chen Ji in the wrong way before, and I always regretted that I was not satisfied. If I got Kang now, I would have the Zhenqing of Lujiang." Ce attacked Kang and defeated him.
——"The Book of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu, Sun Po Lu, to siege the city several times. He was defending and defending himself. Some officials and soldiers who were on vacation first fleeing and went back to the city at night. Two years after being attacked, the city fell. He died of illness in more than a month, and was 70 years old.
——"Biography of Lu Kang's Book of the Later Han Dynasty"
After Lu Kang's death, Lu Xun was a few years older than Lu Kang's son Lu Ji years old, so he gradually became the person in charge of the Lu family.
From massacre to reconciliation
Sun Ce attacked Jiangdong and worked entirely for Yuan Shu at the beginning, but Yuan Shu, the "boss", was very good at creating accidents. He challenged his brother Yuan Shao with practical actions and was not finished, and he also publicly staged a "good show" of becoming an emperor.
Yuan Shu's act of proclaiming himself emperor marked a complete break in his old order, but it also made him isolated by almost all the aristocratic families. Against this background, the warlords who "worked" for Yuan Shu gradually realized that the Yuan Shu regime could not last long, so they began to set up their own businesses.
Sun Ce took Sun Jian's old subordinates as the core and started his "entrepreneurship" journey with thousands of soldiers brought from Yuan Shu as the basis. But don't think that Sun Ce can completely get rid of the aristocratic family. Sun Ce also received support from some aristocratic families when he started his family. Only the one who supported Sun Ce was the Huai Si nobles where Sun Jian's old team was located (the representative figure is Zhou Yu ).
Sun Ce formed his own team with his father's old team, thousands of soldiers from Yuan Shu and the Huai Si nobles, and used this team to conquer cities and territory in Jiangdong. Relying on his military talent, Sun Ce quickly took over a large area of land in Jiangdong.
However, military victory cannot change Sun Ce's image as a "traitor" and "barbarian" in the hearts of the Jiangdong clan. Most of them are unwilling to join Sun Ce's ruling group, and even secretly support the rebel forces, intending to kill Sun Ce, an outside "intruder".
Sun Ce adopted a bloody suppression in the face of the resistance of the Jiangdong clan. Some members of the Jiangdong clan were even killed by Sun Ce just because they suspected of looking down on Sun Ce.
There is a famous scholar in Jiangdong area called Gao Dai . This person is famous for his erudition in the local area. Sun Ce asked him to discuss "Spring and Autumn". Gao Dai knew that Sun Ce was a martial artist, had a bad temper and liked to kill people, so everything followed Sun Ce's words.
But someone in Sun Ce told Sun Ce that Gao Dai's performance clearly looked down on you. Sun Ce was furious and arrested Gao Dai and then killed him despite everyone's opposition.
Sun Ce is so bloodthirsty, how could the Jiangdong clan with huge power sit and wait for death? They will definitely kill Sun Ce physically in various ways.
Sun Ce's death
Sun Ce dared to kill the Jiangdong family, perhaps because he believed that he had strong military strength, or perhaps because Sun Ce believed that he had the assistance of the Huaisi nobles, even if he did not get the support of the Jiangdong family, it didn't matter. However, after struggling with Jiangdong for a period of time, Sun Ce had no choice but to find that it was difficult to establish an effective rule in Jiangdong without obtaining the support of the Jiangdong family.
In fact, in the later period of Sun Ce's rule, he had already begun to improve the relationship with the Jiangdong clans. Some Jiangdong clans began to enter his ruling group, such as Zhu Zhi , Yu Fan , etc.
However, the absorption of Zhu Zhi, Yu Fan and others into their own ruling group did not make the Jiangdong clans truly feel at ease with the Sun family. Moreover, even if they absorbed a few Jiangdong clans, the absolute main force of the Sun Ce ruling group was still the Sun family's royal family and the Huaisi nobles. As a "landlord", the Jiangdong clan would never let Sun Ce go because of this little kindness.
Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were engaged in the battle of Guandu . When he was worried that Sun Ce would attack his rear, he was , but Guo Jia said that Sun Ce had deep grievances in Jiangdong and would most likely be assassinated.
Results A few months later, Sun Ce was assassinated by Xu Gong's disciples. All this was a bit too coincidental. Even if Guo Jia really predicted things like a god, it would be difficult to even guess the time and way Sun Ce was killed. The greater possibility is that it is no secret that the Jiangdong clan wants to kill Sun Ce. Even if Sun Ce does not die this time, there will be next time, next time.
Sun Ce traveled thousands of miles, and there was all Jiangdong. He heard that Taizu and Yuan Shao were in junction with Guandu , and were about to cross the river to attack Xu. Everyone was afraid of it and praised it, "Cexin and Jiangdong, and all the heroes who were killed are heroes and heroes, and those who can get the death power of others. However, Ce was light and unprepared, even if there were millions of people, it was nothing different from walking alone in the Central Plains. If an assassin falls up, one person will be enemies. From my view, he will die at the hands of an ordinary man." Ce Linjiang was not saved, but was killed by Xu Gongke.
- "The Three Kingdoms Book of Wei, Cheng, Guo, Dong, Liu, Jiang, Liu"
Unset
Don't think that aristocratic families always rest assured. In feudal society, if no one holds important positions in the court for a long time, aristocratic families will inevitably face the reality of family decline.
Take the Lu family as an example. After the Battle of Lujiang, Lu Kang, the head of the Lu family, died of illness and nearly half of his tribe members were killed. If the Lu family members who had no strength in the future support the family's store, the so-called aristocratic family, the Lu family, will gradually decline. After all, there are more than one aristocratic family, and the decline of one family often means the rise of other families. No family wants to be the decline.
So after Lu Kang's death, Lu Xun, as the patriarch, had to always think about how to prevent the family's status from falling, and the patriarchs of other big families were roughly the same.
In feudal society, if a large family wants to not decline, it is an indispensable step to reach an alliance with local rulers. Now, the Sun Group is dominant in the Jiangdong region. The Sun Group is strong and it is not easy to subvert it. For the Jiangdong clan, joining the Sun Group is the best way out, but Sun Ce blocked this path.
When Sun Ce first arrived in Jiangdong, he killed too many people and had too deep blood feuds with the Jiangdong family. Even if he knew that he would benefit both people and if he fought, he would suffer both people. It would be difficult for the Jiangdong family group to reconcile with Sun Ce, the enemy.
This is the embarrassing relationship between the Sun Ce family and the Jiangdong family during the Sun Ce period. Both sides clearly know that union is beneficial to both sides, but because of Sun Ce's relationship, it is impossible to unite.
This embarrassing relationship finally ended with Sun Ce's death. After Sun Ce's death, as long as Sun Quan shows goodwill to the Jiangdong clan, the Sun family and the Jiangdong clan can get out of the trap.
First, the tribute boy and the guest died and hid by the river. Ce rode out alone, and the soldiers met the guest, and the guest attacked him and injured Ce. The most invented, asked Zhang Zhao and others to say, "China is in chaos. With the masses of Wu and Yue, the solidity of Sanjiang is enough to see success or failure. The Lord and others are good at my brother!
- "The Book of the Three Kingdoms, the Book of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Polites to Counterattacks"
Sun Lu reconciliation
After Sun Ce's death, Sun Quan immediately reconciled with the Jiangdong family and absorbed members of the Jiangdong family into the ruling collection. In order to show sincerity, Sun Quan must do one thing: reconcile with the Lu family, which has a deep feud with the Sun family.
In order to express the determination to reconcile, Sun Quan directly summoned Lu Xun to his side, reflecting his trust in Lu Xun.
Sun Quan was a general, and was 21 years old. He started to serve in the shogunate, went to the history of the East and West Cao, and was appointed as the commander of the Haichang military farming department, and was in charge of the county affairs.
——"The Book of Wu Shu Lu Xun in the Three Kingdoms"
Later, because of his outstanding personal ability, Lu Xun was promoted to the Eastern Wu Group and served as the General and Prime Minister who commanded the troops of Jiangdong.
Sun Quan seemed to think that giving the Lu family politically was not enough, and he also had to further resolve the grudges of the two families by getting married. However, the person who chose to marry into the Lu family was Sun Ce's daughter. Sun Ce had a deep feud with the Lu family, but his daughter married Lu Xun, the head of the Lu family. This is ironic, but it is enough to express Sun Quan's sincerity in reconciliation.
Quan is a brother Ce female partner Xun, and visits the world affairs several times.
——"The Book of Wu Shu Lu Xun of the Three Kingdoms"
In addition to the Lu family, Sun Quan also shared power with other members of the Jiangdong family. When Sun Quan became emperor , in the bureaucratic system of Jiangdong, the most suitable person to serve as the prime minister should be Zhang Zhao, who had the merit of supporting Sun Quan, but Sun Quan gave the position of prime minister to the representative of the Gu family of another major surname in the Jiangdong family Gu Yong (the Jiangdong family was led by Gu, Lu, Zhu, and Zhang).
Sun Quan made the Jiangdong family and the Sun family completely a community of interests through a series of operations such as sharing power and marriage. At this point, the composition of the Sun Wu group is basically fixed: the Sun family + Huaisi aristocratic group + Jiangdong aristocratic family. The member composition of
allows the Eastern Wu regime to follow a special set of logic when acting.
attack amateurs, guarding and becoming a professional
Sun Quan completed the binding of the warlord group established by his father and brother to the local aristocratic group in Jiangdong, and showed a very obvious characteristic when fighting against foreign enemies: has a poor record when fighting against foreign offensive operations; but when conducting local defense operations, its combat effectiveness is "extraordinary", and it often defeats the strong with the weak. Sun Quan once led his army to attack Hefei, a major military city of Wei, but he returned in vain every time. He even made a farce about Sun Quan, who had superior forces, was almost captured by the disadvantaged forces. The nickname of Sun Quan "Sun Shiwan" was also born in this way.
When foreign forces attacked Jiangdong, the Eastern Wu Group was often able to fight extremely beautiful defensive operations. The Battle of Chibi and the Three Major Battles of the Three Kingdoms and the Battle of Yiling were both the opponent led a large army to attack the Eastern Wu, and was completely defeated by the Eastern Wu Group (even the way of defeat was defeated). Same: Fire Attack).
The reason why the Eastern Wu Group is "outsider in foreign wars, civil wars are experts in civil wars" is not only because the Jiangdong army is not good at land wars and water wars, but also considers the interests of the Jiangdong clans. Since the Jiangdong clans cooperate well with the Sun Wu Group, the Eastern Wu regime under the Sun Quan model can safeguard the interests of the Jiangdong clans, so the Jiangdong clans will have a tendency to "maintain success".
There will be foreign enemies invasion. If the Eastern Wu Group is destroyed, the interests of the Jiangdong clans will inevitably be damaged, so they will fully support the Sun Quan regime to defeat the foreign enemies.
However, if the situation becomes the external expansion of Sun Quan Group, the Sun Quan Group and the Jiangdong Aristocratic Tribes may not be a community of interests. After all, there are aristocratic tribes everywhere. If Sun Quan conquers more territory, it means that he can cooperate with more aristocratic tribes, so that the Jiangdong Aristocratic tribes can be replaced.
When the Soochow Group used troops and defended the war, the enthusiasm of the aristocratic families was different, and this greatly affected the outcome of the war.
Checks and balances and out of control
The early and mid-term period of Sun Quan's rule was a period of continuous expansion of the power of the Jiangdong clan. Because the Sun Quan Group and the Jiangdong clan's interests were consistent, the two cooperated happily, and the strength of the Dongwu Group was also booming.
But politics plays with checks and balances, and imperial power will never allow any kind of power to expand to a level that is enough to threaten imperial power. So Sun Quan intentionally weakened the Jiangdong clan in the later period, and Lu Xun was angry to death by Sun Quan was a product in this context.
Sun Quan's ability to check and balance is unsafe, but the embarrassing thing is that in the late period of his rule, it is difficult to find a force that can match the capabilities of the Jiangdong Age Group. The Jiangdong Age Group has produced many talents, while other groups have withered talents. Sun Quan forced a group of former Huaisi factions and royal clans to replace the Jiangdong clans. However, at this time, neither the Huaisi faction nor the Sun family clans had many talents. Not only did Sun Quan's move not achieve the effect of checks and balances, but instead weakened the overall strength of the Eastern Wu regime. People often lamented that Sun Quan was extremely smart when he was young, but he was confused when he was old. was actually not the old Sun Quan was confused, but at this time, Sun Quan had no bargaining chips to check and balance the already rising Jiangdong clans.
As a political expert, Sun Quan was a bit clumsy when he was alive, but he was able to barely check and balance the Jiangdong clans. Sun Quan's successors did not have Sun Quan's methods, so the loss of control of the Jiangdong clans became inevitable.
Even though Sun Quan angered Lu Xun, the leader of the Jiangdong clan, his descendants had to use Lu Xun's son Lu to fight . This was helpless, but there was no other way.
Jiangdong clans have greater power than Shu Han and Cao Wei regimes. Although the aristocratic clans of the other two groups can have huge amounts of land, money, grain and talents, they do not have real troops after all, and almost all the Jiangdong clans have their own "private soldiers" (called the tribe. When Lu Xun was not yet prime minister, there were thousands of people in the tribe). The Jiangdong clan with such power is fully capable of swaying the direction of the entire Eastern Wu regime when the Sun family rulers were not doing well.
The last emperor of Eastern Wu Sun Hao is incompetent and cruel, which makes the members of the Jiangdong Group deeply feel that there will be no good results to continue to follow Sun Hao, so when the Jin army went south to destroy Wu, there was no decent resistance at all. Behind this non-resistance was the abandonment of the Sun family by the Jiangdong clan.
Sun Quan, a political genius in troubled times, used the death of his elder brother Sun Ce as an opportunity to reach a reconciliation with the Jiangdong clan, and then created the Jiangdong foundation, which was eventually destroyed due to the incompetence of his descendants.
