Since the beginning of autumn, the temperature difference between morning and evening has increased, and more people have symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting, and people often think that this is gastrointestinal discomfort caused by cold. Little do people know that the occurrence of such symptoms may also be a virus invasion!
A few days ago, Zhejiang University Hospital received 69 people with vomiting and diarrhea, two of whom needed to be hospitalized for treatment! The Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention and other health departments quickly intervened and launched an investigation, which was suspected to be infected with norovirus .
This is no longer the first major norovirus infection incident. Basically, such news will be exposed every month:
- In January this year, 39 students in Shenzhen University Town were infected;
- 2, 77 junior high school students were infected in a school in Changhua County;
- 3 in Fujian Industrial School more than 430 people were infected with the virus...
What is this high-incidence norovirus? Where did you come from? How to deal with it?
1, what is norovirus?
Norovirus is the most common pathogen of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis . It often occurs in places with dense population and poor sanitary environment , such as collective places such as schools, communities, restaurants, etc., and infection can occur throughout the year, but shows a high incidence every day from October to February of the following year.
1, the risk of norovirus
① Very contagious . Generally, 10-100 virus particles, which are approximately equivalent to 1/100 droplets, can cause infection!
②High vitality and tolerance , it is still active when heated at 60℃ for 30 minutes, and can survive for several years at low temperatures. Moreover, ordinary disinfectants cannot completely kill the virus.
③Very mutated . During the same period, there may be many different types of noroviruses in the same place. Therefore, the human immune system cannot establish an effective defense mechanism against norovirus at all, and there is no anti-norovirus vaccine to vaccinate us.
But fortunately, norovirus belongs to the self-limiting disease . Generally, no special treatment is required. will heal itself in 22-3 days; however, the elderly people with and patients with underlying diseases may recover slowly and may need to be hospitalized for treatment.
2, beware of four transmission routes
① Eat or drink food or water contaminated by norovirus;
② Touch objects or surfaces contaminated by norovirus, and then put your fingers in your mouth;
③ Contact patients with norovirus, such as taking care of patients, sharing food with patients, or sharing tableware;
④ The vomit and excrement of infected people are not cleaned up in time, and droplets are spread through the air and attached to various items.
2, identify the symptoms of norovirus and , rotavirus
Rotavirus is also a high-incidence disease in autumn, and it also has symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting. Therefore, many people are prone to confuse the two. Today, the editor will tell you the difference between the two:
1, good age
Norovirus may be infected at any age; rotavirus is best found in infants and preschool children (0-5 years old) .
2, symptoms
Norovirus symptoms incubation period is 24-48 hours , and vomiting is severe, diarrhea symptoms are mild, feces are thin watery or watery stools, no mucus and pus and blood; it will also be accompanied by spastic abdominal pain, headache, muscle soreness, and drowsiness symptoms.
and rotavirus symptoms incubation period of about 2-3 days , and the diarrhea symptoms are serious, with egg flower soup-like water stool, occasionally mucus, no pus and blood; it is often accompanied by symptoms of low fever or high fever and dehydration.
prompts : Diarrhea can easily lead to dehydration , and severe dehydration is life-threatening. Therefore, when the lips are dry, urine volume is reduced, eye orbital depression, you must take rehydration salt orally. The glucose, sodium, potassium and water contained in the liquid can effectively prevent and treat mild and moderate dehydration; or seek medical treatment in time, intravenous infusion .
In addition, during the baby's diarrhea, temporarily stop eating some complementary foods, such as meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, etc., and then start eating when the diarrhea is reduced. It is advisable to eat in small amounts and multiple meals in .
3, the course of disease
Norovirus lasts only 2-3 days ; while rotavirus has 5-10 days.
4, quarantine time
After the symptoms of norovirus disappear, must be isolated for 22-3 days; After the symptoms of rotavirus disappear, must be isolated for about 210 days .
5, vaccine
norovirus vaccine-free ; Rotavirus vaccine is orally taken by , mainly targeting infants and young children aged 26 months to 5 years old.
prompts : No matter which virus is infected, does not require the use of antibiotic . Antibiotics are only effective against bacteria. If antibiotics are abused, it may kill the normal bacterial in the intestines, resulting in bacterial dysfunction and prolong diarrhea time.
3, stay away from diseases, keep prevention guide
Norovirus and rotavirus are common viruses in gastroenteritis, and their infection methods are similar to , so the methods of prevention are also similar to :
1, uninfected people
For uninfected people, digestive tract isolation and respiratory tract isolation :
digestive tract isolation ① Wash hands frequently , it is best to wash your hands before meals, after going to the toilet, coughing, sneezing, and after coming back from going out.
②Be sure to carefully clean the food before cooking, and fully heat and cook , especially seafood and shellfish foods.
③ Use hypochlorite to disinfect and clean the surface contaminated by vomit or feces immediately, take off and clean contaminated clothes or bed sheets, etc., wear rubber or disposable gloves during cleaning, and wash your hands carefully after cleaning.
respiratory isolation
① Keep indoor air fresh.
② During the epidemic period, children should try to minimize the number of children going to crowded public places to play, and wear masks when going out.
2, infected people
For people who have been infected with the virus, seek medical treatment in a timely manner, especially patients with underlying diseases.
In addition, adults should live alone at home until the end of the safe period to avoid contagion to others. If it is a child, the caregiver should wear a mask and wash his hands in time; in addition, it is best for infected people to have their own independent tableware and other daily necessities ; it is best for bathrooms to use separately.
