Vietnam map
Vietnam has been one of the most influenced countries by China from ancient times to the present. Coincidentally, the only female emperor in Vietnam history was also named Li Fojin (also known as Li Tianxin). Because of her posthumous title of "Emperor Zhao", it is known in history as "Emperor Zhao". However, compared with the Empress Wu Zetian of our country, Emperor Zhao's life was much more tragic.
Vietnam and China
Li Fojin's tragic life is related to a Vietnamese man, that is, Vietnam's Grand Tutor Chen Shoudu, who can be said to be the "Ultraman" in the early history of the Chen Dynasty in Vietnam, overthrowing Li Chao and manipulating Chen Chao .
Vietnamese satellite image
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Chen's victory: Emperor Li of the dynasty defected to Chen Siqing, Chen Shoudu is in the fortress
Early
Chen Shoudu's ancestors were Fujianese who moved to Jimo Township (now Nanding Province, Vietnam). They made a fortune by engaging in fishery and gradually became a local tycoon.
Vietnam location map
1 In 209, due to the Guo Bu Rebellion in Vietnam, Emperor Li Long and Prince Li Chun fled from the then capital Shenglong. On the way to escape, Prince Li Qian married Chen Rong, the daughter of Chen Shoudu clan uncle Chen Li, as his concubine. Therefore, he received help from Chen and returned to Shenglong after quelling the Guo Bu rebellion. In 1210, Emperor Li Long died, Crown Prince Li Gong succeeded to the throne and became emperor, and Chen Rong was named "Yuan Concubine", and the power of the Chen family rose accordingly.
Vietnamese
Later, because Tan Empress Dowager was worried that the Chen family would become bigger, he recommended his younger brother Tan Yimeng to assist in the administration, but he was actually a relative of the foreign country, and increased the support of the Duan family in Hongzhou, which was hostile to the Chen family, which led to the dissatisfaction of the Chen family, and the leader Chen Siqing raised an army to rebel.
Vietnam's ancient capital
1214, Chen Siqing led his army to attack Shenglong City, and Li Chong personally led his army out to fight. Li Yang's army met the Chen family's Wang Li and Ruan Gai army in the thick fog. Wang Li and Ruan Gai made a big noise to boost morale. The Li Dynasty army collapsed without fighting, similar to a soldier who defeated others without fighting.
Vietnam location map
At the same time, Chen Cheng also defeated the troops of the Taiwei Tan Yimeng and An Renwang; Chen Shoudu and Chen Xianchen were in Cishi, while Pan Lin and Ruan Nen defeated the Duan army in Hongzhou. After the Chen army won a great victory in various places, Chen Siqing dispatched generals to various important places to take charge. At this time, Chen Shoudu was ordered to guard Langai City. Soon, Duan Shang, Duan Wenlei, Duan Ke and others, who had been defeated in the Hongzhou Duan family, led their troops back and launched fierce attacks on the Lang Pass where Chen Shoudu was located, but they were all repelled by Chen Shoudu's defenders.
Vietnamese traitor - Chen Shoudu
After winning, Chen Siqing cut off his hair and sent someone to Emperor Li Xuan to apologize. Li Qiang originally planned to find a way to compromise with him, but because Empress Dowager Tan believed Yin Xinyi's words: "This person had a strange intention, and this was just a strategy to lure prisoners by using a plan." , Li Qiang then fled with Empress Dowager Tan again, intending to continue to fight with Chen Siqing.
Li Dynasty's general territory
According to the "Brief History of Yue", Chen Shoudu also participated in this uprising, and his performance was remarkable. He defeated Duan Shang's army who assisted the Li court.
"A Brief History of Yue"
After Chen Siqing gained power, he indulged his subordinates to plunder in Shenglong City. Later, due to uneven rewards, Chen Siqing's generals became increasingly disinterested in his power. In 1216, due to Du Rui's rebellion and learning that Empress Dowager Tan wanted to kill Chen Rong, Li Gong and Chen Rong defected to Chen Siqing. At the end of the year, Chen Rong was enthroned as the queen, Chen Siqing was also appointed as the Grand Marshal, and his brother Chen Cheng was the head of the eunuch. This doubled the confidence of the Chen army, which was slightly declining at that time, and was able to revive its military power.
Vietnamese go to China
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2 Chen Dynasty Li: By abdicating, Chen Shoudu became the "Father of the Kingdom"
1223, Chen Siqing passed away due to illness. His brother Chen Cheng succeeded to the position of Taiwei of the regent, and Chen Shoudu served as the commander in front of the palace. The two of them were in charge of military and political power.In 1224, in the 17th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Gong passed the throne to his second daughter, Li Fojin, who was only 7 years old, on the grounds that his condition worsened.
Li Fojin schematic diagram
Li Fojin was unable to take charge of the rule at a young age, so the real power fell into the hands of Chen Cheng and Chen Shoudu. Against the backdrop of Chen's rule, Chen Shoudu, who held the imperial guards, selected a large number of children of the Chen family into the palace to serve as officials in order to promote the plan of "Chen's Replacement of Li".
1630 Vietnam
Because he saw his nephew Chen Ying and Li Fojin become more and more intimate, Chen Shoudu used the excuse that Li Fojin likes Chen Feng and secretly took Chen's family into the palace and closed the doors of the palace, eliminated the interference of the ministers, and let Li Fojin and Chen Feng secretly married behind closed doors .
Chen Taizong Chen Ying and Emperor Li Zhao Li Fojin
According to the "Complete Book of Records of the Grand Historian of Yue" as follows:
" (Chen Shoudu) led his family and relatives into the ban, and Shudu closed the city gates and the palace gates, and sent them to guard them. All officials entered the court and were not allowed to enter. Shoudu told everyone: 'Your Majesty (Emperor Li Zhao) has already made a living (has become a relative of Chen Feng).' All the ministers said they promised."
"Complete Book of Records of the Grand Historian of Yue"
After Chen Feng became Li Fojin's husband, the whole Li Dynasty was under the control of Chen Shoudu, and Chen Shoudu further promoted the Chen family's plan to replace Li.
Previously, the Supreme Emperor Li Gong once revealed to people that he was worried that Li Fojin would not be able to control the situation as the heroine, so he deliberately chose the wise man to abdicate, and mentioned that Chen Ying had a very good appearance and could help the world and the people. After Chen Cheng heard about this, he suspected that Li Feng had deliberately tried and planned to refuse, but Chen Shoudu persuaded Chen Cheng to accept it immediately, so he made the decision to usurp the throne through abdication.
Chen Chao
Chen Shoudu issued an edict to abdicate to Wang Fu Chen Ying on December 31, 1225, in the name of Li Fojin, and Chen Ying was immediately admitted to Zen and ascended the throne. Chen Ying, who became the Emperor of Dayue, was only 8 years old at this time and could not take charge of government affairs personally. Therefore, the national affairs were still jointly undertaken by Chen Shoudu and Chen Cheng, and appointed Chen Shoudu as the "National Shangfu". In other words, Chen Shoudu could dominate the operation of the court.
Chen Chao
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to be unified: to conquer the barbarians, Huairou separatist forces
0 After the Chen family replaced Li, the turmoil in the Dayue Empire had not yet subsided, and the old enemy of the Duan family in Hongzhou was still there, which was a big trouble. Ruan Nen, who deviated from the Chen family, also continued to establish himself as king in the Beijiang area.
Vietnamese
" Records of the Grand Historian of Yue ·Big Book of Li Ji·Zhao Huang", Chen Shoudu mentioned:
"Now thieves have emerged, disasters are growing day by day, Duan Shang occupied the east, Ruan Neng occupied the north, Guangwei is far away, and it has not been flattened, the Li family is weak, the country is in danger, the heroine Zhao Huang cannot bear the burden, and entrusted him with Erlang (Chen Ying) is not familiar with the national system, and has many political affairs. The country's destiny is just beginning to begin, and the people's hearts are not convinced. The disaster is great. Although my uncle, he does not know the writing and is rushing around to defend thieves. It is better to persuade the Holy Father (i.e. Chen Ying's father Chen Cheng) to take charge of the country as the emperor. One or two years later, the world will be unified and the Erlang will be restored. "
means that Chen Shoudu and Chen Cheng divided the labor, and the country will be handed over to the Supreme Emperor Chen Cheng, and Chen Shoudu personally supervised the army to quell the civil strife.
Taishi Chen Shoudu
Subsequently, Chen Shoudu served as the Taishi in 1226, pursuing military affairs and conducting military conquests, and being responsible for quelling civil strife. Chen Shoudu successively conquered the barbarians distributed in the Shangyuan Mountain and Guangwei Mountain, and tried to soften Ruan Nen who ruled the Beijiang River and Duan Shang who ruled the Hongzhou. Chen Shoudu named Ruan Nen the "King of Huaidao" and rewarded him with the Beijiang occupied by Ruan Nen. He tried to gather Duan Shang again, but in the end, Duan Shang broke the contract and the matter was left unresolved.
Chen Chao map
1228, Ruan Nen destroyed Duan Shang. Duan Shang's son Duan Wen was desperate and surrendered to Chen Chao with his family and his family. After Ruan Nen annexed Duan's family, his reputation was greatly improved. Chen Shoudu was very worried about this, but on the surface he still attracted Ruan Nen. On the one hand, he sent someone to celebrate and appointed him as "King of Huaidao Xiaowu", and married Princess Wanchan to him to secretly peek at his movements. In the dark, we divided our troops to set up defenses in case of accidents.
Vietnam map
Ruan Neng knew that Chen Shoudu had a special intention to marry the princess, so he separated the home from the military tent, making it impossible for Princess Wanchan to investigate the information. In 1229, Ruan Nen was seriously ill, and Chen Qing sent someone to visit her. In order to prevent the disease, Ruan Nen was controlled by the Chen Dynasty authorities, so she barely ate and performed horse riding to show that she was still strong. Soon, Ruan Nen's condition worsened and she later died of illness. After Ruan Nen's death, his powerful general Pan Malei stole his horse and fled, his power collapsed, and Vietnam finally returned to unification for the time being.
Northern Vietnam Map
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Preventing the previous dynasty: Chen Shoudu ordered all the Li clans in Vietnam to change them to Ruan
While conquering the heroes from all directions, Chen Shoudu was also worried about Li in order to consolidate the rule of the Chen Dynasty, so he put great precautions on the old royal family of the Li dynasty.
Map of North and Central Vietnam
First, Li Zhao went out to visit the East City, and the people rushed to witness it, and some even felt crying. This made Chen Shoudu feel deeply alert and worried that people's minds would change and shake the foundation of the Chen Dynasty, so he moved Li Zhao to the Zhenjiao Temple in order to isolate him from the world. However, Chen Shoudu was still uneasy and visited Zhenjiao Temple many times to test it. Li Chong knew it was dangerous, so he always maintained a respectful attitude so that Chen Shoudu had the opportunity to catch the braid. However, even so, Chen Shoudu still kept suspicious of Li Chong.
South Central Vietnam and Xiyuan map
Later, when Chen Shoudu passed by the Zhenjiao Temple, he met Li Zhao pulling weeds. Chen Shoudu hinted him: "If we remove weeds, we must be rooted." When Li Zhao heard this, he understood it and knew that he could not escape death in the end. Soon, Chen Shoudu sent someone to Li Dao's place. Li Dao knew his purpose and went to the back garden to hang himself. After Li Zhao's death, Chen Shoudu made a sad attitude to show that the matter had nothing to do with him and ordered all officials to come to the scene to cry for sacrifice and personally arrange funerals for Li Zhao.
Southern Vietnam map
Although Chen Shoudu tried to whitewash the killing of Li Qing, Chen Shoudu was still criticized for this in Vietnamese history books. After Li Chong died, Chen Rong was later demoted to the title of Princess Tianji and then married Chen Shoudu.
Vietnam Li Chao and Chen Chao
Chen Shoudu was still uneasy about the existence of the Li clan clan after killing Li Gong. 1232, Chen Shoudu ordered the name of Li to be changed to Ruan Dynasty on the grounds that Li family violated the name of Chen and Li, and ordered all Li families in the world to be changed to Ruan to eradicate the people's hearts and towards Li- "The Chen family was established in the reign of the Li clan, and all the Li clans and the surname Li in Qi people were ordered to be changed to Ruan."
Vietnamese surname
The order to change the surname and the death of Li Yang also made the Li family very angry. Chen Shoudu knew their dissatisfaction and in order to eliminate the roots, he took further action in the winter of the same year. Chen Shoudu took advantage of the opportunity of the Li family's family going to Hualin Taitang to sacrifice and secretly ordered people to dig deep pits in advance and build houses on it. When the Li family was drinking, he activated the agency to bury them alive.
Vietnam
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Resistance to Mongolia: Chen Shoudu resisted hard, attached importance to the rule of law, and was not nepotism
0 Yuan Dynasty naval army landing forces in the Kublai Khan era
1237, Chen Shoudu conspired with his wife Chen Rong to depose the queen on the grounds that Li Fojin was infertile. At the same time, Chen Shoudu forced Chen Ying to marry Li Ying, who had married his brother, Chen Liu, and was pregnant as the queen. Chen Shoudu's arrangement aroused strong dissatisfaction with Chen Liu, and Chen Liu immediately rebelled.
Mongolian warship
Chen Liu said that he was uneasy about it, so he left Shenglong and lived at the Fuyun National Master of Anzishan. Chen Shoudu led his ministers to ask Chen Qi to return to the capital. Chen Qi tried to force Chen Shoudu to give in on the grounds that "I am fighting for the young, but I have not been able to send a lot of money. My father (Chen Cheng) suddenly violated the situation and lost his parents early. He did not dare to live in the throne, but to humiliate the country." Chen Shoudu was not willing to force it too much or give in easily, so he declared that "whether the carriage is located is the court", and then moved the entire court to where Chen Ying temporarily lived. Seeing this, Chen Ying had to agree to return to Shenglong.
Mongol expedition
Short after, Chen Liu was defeated and privately went to Chen Yan to ask for a visit, trying to beg for pardon.When Chen Qing saw Chen Liu, he was grateful for his brotherhood and so he cried with him. Chen Shoudu found that Chen Liu had come privately, so he wanted to draw his sword to kill Chen Liu. Chen Qi immediately protected him with his body. Chen Shoudu was very angry and threw the sword into the river, claiming: "I am just a lackey! How do you know that you have deep brothers and sisters!" After Chen Qi's mediation, Chen Shoudu had to give up and agreed to pardon Chen Liu. Afterwards, Chen Ying appointed Chen Liu as "King of Ansheng" and led Anfu, Anyang, Ansheng, Anxing, Anbang and other places to comfort him.
In order to surround the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongolian army invaded the Dali Kingdom
Under Chen Shoudu's arrangement, Chen Ying could only treat his brother Chen Liu half of the world, and the child in your wife's belly belongs to me.
Dali's surrender indicates that Mongolia has obtained a base to enter the Indochina Peninsula
1253, Mongol Empire eliminated the Dali Empire, and the Mongolian army further advanced southward. By 1258, the Mongolian army conquered Vietnam under the leadership of Urian Hatai. Chen Qing personally supervised Yu Pingliyuan to fight, but was still no match for the Mongolian army. The Vietnamese army retreated step by step, and Chen Qing retreated under the protection of general Li Qin.
Chen Chao's war elephant and cavalry
When Chen Ying retreated to Tianmu River, he went to the Grand Marshal Chen Rishan to discuss countermeasures. Chen Rishan was frustrated and pointed the water with his fingers on the side of the ship, and then wrote the word "enter the Song Dynasty" on the side of the ship. Chen Ying went to the Grand Tutor Chen Shoudu to ask for advice again, and Chen Shoudu said toughly: "My head has not yet fallen, Your Majesty doesn't need to worry too much." . Chen Ying was inspired by this and regained his desire to fight. On January 29, Chen Ying and Prince Chen Huang took a tower ship and fought against the Mongolian army at Dongbutou, defeating him. When the Mongolian army retreated to Guihua Village, they were attacked by the village leader He Feng. The Mongolian army suffered considerable losses and retreated from Vietnam.
heavy cavalry in the army of Chen Dynasty in Vietnam
After the war, Chen Ying believed that Li Qin made many contributions in the war, so he was promoted to the Censorate and named him "Fu Chen", and gave him Li Fojin as his wife . After the Mongolian army retreated, Chen Ying knew that the Great Yue Empire could not last long, so he sent Li Fuchen and Zhou Bolan to the Mongolian Empire for envoys, and was named King of Annan by the Mongolian Empire, and set a custom of tribute every three years.
Mongol-Vietnam War
While paying tribute to the Mongolian Empire, Chen Ying also continued to maintain diplomatic relations with the Southern Song Empire and submitted a "last hereditary form" to the Southern Song Empire, expressing his intention to give way to his son Chen Huang.
Vietnamese clothing changes
Although Chen Shoudu was a powerful minister of a generation and was quite proficient in major affairs of the court, he personally attached great importance to the rule of law. His wife Chen Rong once rode a carriage and planned to pass the forbidden steps, but was stopped by the guarded military academy. Chen Rong cried to Chen Shoudu. Qichu Chen Shoudu was angry about this and ordered the arrest of the military academy. But when Chen Shoudu interrogated the military academy in person, he knew that the military academy had strictly abide by the laws and regulations and had no mistakes, he praised it very much and gave it gold and silk as a reward.
Vietnamese national costume called "Odai" cheongsam slit to the belt
1264, Chen Shoudu died at the age of 71, and after his death he was awarded "Shangfu Grand Tutor Zhongwu King" .
Vietnamese advance southward
Chen Shoudu has no talent, but his wisdom is beyond the reach of others. The Chen Chao's ability to win the world was almost done by his plan. When he was alive, someone impeached him, but Chen Ying was unwilling to impose punishment, but instead led the impeacher to Chen Shoudu's house to pay a visit and reported the impeachment content to Chen Shoudu in person. After listening to it, Chen Shoudu agreed to the criticism of the impeacher and rewarded him with money. Chen Ying once planned to let Chen Shoudu's brother Chen Anguo be prime minister, but Chen Shoudu believes that Chen Anguo has no talent and is not enough to serve as prime minister, so he threatened "retirement" to force Chen Ying to dispel this idea.
Vietnamese women
Since Chen Shoudu made great contributions to the Chen Dynasty, Chen Ying set up a temple for him when he was alive and wrote an inscription personally to show his favor.
