The vast Inner Mongolia region in northern my country, before Genghis Khan , "shamanism" was very prosperous and dominated people's spiritual life. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam were successively introduced to Inner Mongolia, and shamanism gradually declined. Because Emperor Yuan praised Buddhism, most temples were preserved in Inner Mongolia, and the four largest temples were retained, Dazhao Temple , Wudangzhao , Bailing Temple, and Beizi Temple .
1: ▶Dazhao Temple
Dazhao Temple (not the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet), is called "Yikezhao" in Mongolian, which means a large temple. The Han name was originally Hongci Temple located in the south of the old city of Hohhot. It was built by Altan Khan, the leader of the Mongolian Tumote tribe in the Ming Dynasty, in the eighth year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1580). The temple belongs to the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism (the Huang Sect among Lamaisms), and is the earliest Lama temple built in Hohhot. Dazhao Temple was revered as the "Imperial Temple" in the Qing Dynasty. Because Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty lived here when he welcomed the Fifth Emperor to Beijing; Emperor Kangxi also lived here for a few days and cast a gold medal for "Long Live the Emperor" to be used before the silver Buddha statue in the main hall (now the light in the hall is very dark, tourists may not necessarily see this gold medal). In order to show respect for the emperor, the reincarnation regulations for the living Buddha were later abolished here and became one of the few temples in Mongolia that did not have living Buddhas, and the main hall of the temple was replaced with yellow glazed tiles.
Dazhao Temple is the most famous temple in Inner Mongolia during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has important value for understanding Inner Mongolia's politics, society, economy, and culture. The various colored sculptures, gold and bronze statues in the store, huge Thangkas exhibited on the Buddha Festival, 108 Ganzhuer scriptures, as well as various magical instruments and masks used in religious activities, etc. are extremely precious historical relics and artistic treasures.
The buildings of Dazhao Temple now have mountain gates, temples, scripture halls, nine-story buildings and Buddhist temples. The scripture halls and Buddhist temples are closely connected, commonly known as the main hall, and there are statues and murals in the Buddhist temple. The silver Buddha statue has undergone four hundred years of changes and is still well preserved.
2: ▶Wudangzhao
dangzhao is located in the depths of the Daqingshan in Jihuluntu Sumu, Wudanggou, about 45 kilometers northeast of Shiguai District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Let’s first talk about what the Five Dangzhao means. The Five Dangzhao in Mongolian is called Badagher, which means willow tree. In order to promote Buddhism, the founder of Wudangzhao traveled thousands of miles and came here from Tibet after hardships. He was led here by the eagle and found that the valley was shaded by willow trees and surrounded by mountains on three sides. So I decided to start building temples here and promote Buddhism. Dangzhao is built on the mountain, surrounded by mountains on three sides, arranged inlaid on the hillside. The exterior walls are white and square, with dark colonnades and window holes. The roof is flat-shaped square, which looks very spectacular from a distance. Wudangzhao is the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple in Inner Mongolia, second only to the three famous Tibetan Buddhist temples in Tibet2, Tibet Potala Palace, and as famous as the Taer Temple in Qinghai. There are about 2,500 houses in all of them, covering an area of nearly 400 acres, and there were more than 1,000 lamas during their most prosperous period. The incense is strong, and there are endless worshipers coming here.
Suguqin Hall is the largest building in Wudangzhao. It is located at the front of the temple, three floors high. The hall in front of the first floor is the Sutra Hall. There are eighty square pillars carved and painted with various patterns on the upper part, and the outer part is covered with carpets with cloud dragon patterns. There are dozens of rows of beds arranged on the ground, with hidden carpets on it. The four walls painted the story of Sakyamuni Buddha and various statues of guardian gods. There are various banners and curtains hanging on the top, and the hall is solemn and magnificent. The entire hall can accommodate more than a thousand lamas to recite scriptures here. All convening meetings are held here. The morning sutras - the Manga Sutra, where lamas in each hall come here to recite. The seats on the front of the sutras are the seats where the living Buddhas deliver the sutras, and the seats of the high-rise lamas on both sides are the seats of the high-rise lamas on both sides. The wooden couch on the carpet below is the seat for the lama to recite scriptures. The back hall is a Sutra Pavilion, which enshrines various Buddha statues and Thangkas. The second floor corridor is painted with the bird's-eye murals "Nine Great Buddha Temple Buildings" that are extremely precious.
This temple, which was built during the Kangxi period, was vast and sparsely populated on the plateau at that time, and the Mongolians were a nomadic people, and information and technology in all aspects were relatively lagging behind.Compared with the environment at that time, the monks at that time were the most knowledgeable people. They knew astronomy and geography. Therefore, Wudangzhao is a fully functional temple. It is not only a temple that promotes Buddhism, respects Buddha, preaches, preaches, and receives worshippers; it is also a school on a plateau that preaches Dharma and debates scriptures. Study meticulous knowledge such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, geodesy and other geodesics. It also classifies knowledge into four university departments, each department has its own learning area. The uses of each hall are basically classified according to this.
3:▶Bailing Temple
Bailing Temple is located at the headquarters of the government of Daerhan Maoming'an United Banner, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in the 42nd year of the Kangxi reign (1702 AD). Bailing Temple is a transliteration of the Daerhan Beile Temple, also known as the Wulijitaohai (Jixiangwan) temple group. The temple consists of 5 main halls, 9 pagodas and 36 Tibetan-style courtyards, covering a total area of about 8,000 square meters. The towers and carved beams and painted pillars are lined with columns and columns. The walls are painted with stories of characters from Buddhist scriptures. The shapes are vivid and the composition is delicate. The plaque "Guangfu Temple" given by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was hung above the main entrance of the Great Buddha Hall.
Bailing Temple is a Mongolian Beile because of the transverse pronunciation of the temple, also known as the Wulijitaohai (Jixiangwan) Zhao Temple Group. The Darkham Maomingan United Banner was formed by the merger of the former Qing Khalkha Right Wing Banner and Maoming Anzhazak Banner. The Khalkha Right Wing Banner is commonly known as the Daerhan Beile Banner. Later, the Mongols are used to call it "Beiling Temple" (Beiling: a title in the Qing Dynasty, and is under the position of princes and princes. "Yin" is an auxiliary word, equivalent to the Chinese "天"). The Han people also referred to "Beling" as "Beling", and once wrote "Beling Temple". The Mongolian upper class believed that the word "Bai Lin" was unlucky, so they changed the word "Bai Ling" in Chinese. From then on, the "Belion Temple" called by the Mongolians was then transformed into "Belion Temple" with Chinese characters. Because the temple was built in Batuharaga, the Mongolians also commonly called it "Batharaga Temple".
Beautiful legend: Bailing Temple is homophonic. Because the scenery around the temple is beautiful, there is a clear river in front of the temple. The grass on both sides of the river is full of unknown wild flowers. When the wind is gentle, groups of larks often sing in the vicinity, and the name Bailing Temple has been passed down.
4: ▶Beizi Temple
Beizi Temple, Mongolian name "Bandida Kudzu Temple ", Chinese name "Chongshan Temple". It is one of the four major temples in Inner Mongolia, located under the south slope of the "Erdun Taoligai" in the north of Xilinhot City. It was first built in the eighth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1743) and was expanded during the Daoguang and Guangxu periods. It is said that it has been meticulously cultivated by seven generations of living Buddhas, and a total of more than 1.74 million taels of silver were spent.
The entire building complex includes seven main halls: Chaokichen, Minggan, Queri, Zhuduba, Ganzhuer, Dinkel and Eritetu, five Lablen (Living Buddha Hall), five pagodas. In addition, there are more than 30 temple warehouses and two lama residences on the east and west sides and behind the temple. The complex is huge in scale and majestic.
More than a hundred years after the completion of Beizi Temple, the temple became the main place for herders from far and near to worship, with great incense, with the maximum number of Lama reached 1,200 people. There are a large number of murals in the temple that reflect the history and life of the Mongolian ethnic group, and they are also valuable historical materials for studying Mongolian history and national art. Here there are architectural styles of carved beams, painted buildings, repeated pavilions, and flying eaves. There are also various shapes of Buddha statues and magnificent paintings and decorations, which reflect distinct national characteristics everywhere.
Behind Beizi Temple is Erdun Aobao. The Erdun Aobao has a history of sacrificial history for more than 300 years. In 1753, the Erdun Aobao was expanded into Thirteen Aobao, becoming the largest type of obowa. Each of the thirteen Aobao has its own symbolic meaning. The largest obowa in the middle is Haori Musttenger, which means immortality, and the twelve surrounding it is its guardian.
"First there is Beizi Temple, then there is Xilinhot ." This is a familiar sentence for local people. Over the years, the buildings around Beizi Temple have been expanding, and finally the current Xilinhot has been formed.As a famous Buddhist temple in history and one of the four major Tibetan Buddhist temples in central and western Inner Mongolia, "Beizi Temple" was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in 2006.
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