Export goods process mainly includes: quotation, ordering, payment method, stocking, packaging, customs clearance procedures, shipment, transportation insurance, bill of lading , foreign exchange settlement.
1, Quotation
In the process of international trade, the first step is product inquiry and quotation. Among them, the quotation for export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specifications and models, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the amount of product purchased, the requirements for delivery time, the method of transportation of the product, the material of the product, etc. The more commonly used quotations include: FOB ship delivery, CNF cost plus freight, CIF cost, insurance premium plus freight, etc.
2 and Order
After the trade parties reached an intention to make the quotation, the buyer's company formally ordered the goods and negotiated with the seller's company on some related matters. After the two parties negotiated and approved it, they need to sign the " Purchase Contract ". During the signing of the "Purchase Contract", the main negotiations are made on the product name, specifications, model, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, shipment period, payment terms, settlement method, claims, arbitration and other contents, and the agreement reached after the negotiation is written into the "Purchase Contract". This marks the official beginning of export business. Under normal circumstances, the signing of the purchase contract will be effective if both parties stamp the company's official seal, and each party keeps one copy.
3 and payment methods
There are three common international payment methods, namely letter of credit payment method, TT payment method and direct payment method.
letter of credit payment method
letter of credit is divided into two categories: light-vote letter of credit and documentary letter of credit . A documented letter of credit refers to a letter of credit with designated documents. A letter of credit without any documents is called a letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a guarantee document that ensures that the exporter recovers the payment. Please note that the shipment period of exported goods shall be carried out within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the delivery period of the letter of credit must be submitted no later than the validity date of the letter of credit. Most of the payment methods are based on letters of credit in international trade, and the issuance date of the letter of credit should be clear, clear and complete.
TT payment method
TT payment method is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customers will transfer the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company. You can request remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive.
Direct payment method
refers to the direct delivery and payment between buyers and sellers.
4, stocking
stocking plays an important role in the entire trade process and must be implemented one by one according to the contract. The main verification content of stocking is as follows:
The quality and specifications of the goods should be verified according to the requirements of the contract.
Quantity of goods: Ensure that the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit are met.
stocking time: It should be based on the provisions of the letter of credit and combined with the shipping schedule to facilitate the connection between ship and cargo.
5, Packaging
can choose packaging forms according to the different goods (such as cartons, wooden boxes, woven bags, etc.). The packaging requirements for different packaging forms also vary.
General export packaging standards: Packaging according to common standards for trade and export.
Special export packaging standard: export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.
The packaging and mark (transportation mark): Carefully check and verify it to make it comply with the provisions of the letter of credit.
6 and customs clearance procedures
customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and extremely important. If you cannot pass the clearance smoothly, the transaction will not be completed.
1. Export goods that are legally inspected must obtain an export commodity inspection certificate. At present, the inspection of in my country's import and export commodities mainly involves four links:
acceptance of verification: verification refers to the foreign trade relations person reporting inspection to the commodity inspection agency.
sampling: After the commodity inspection agency accepts the inspection, it will promptly send personnel to the goods storage site for on-site inspection and appraisal.
Inspection: After the commodity inspection agency accepts the inspection, it carefully studies the applied inspection items and determines the inspection content. And carefully review the quality, specifications and packaging regulations of the contract (letter of credit), clarify the basis for inspection, and determine the inspection standards and methods.(Inspect methods include sampling inspection, instrument analysis inspection; physical inspection; sensory inspection; microbial inspection, etc.)
Issuance certificate: In terms of export, for all exported goods included in the "Species Table", after passing the inspection by the commercial inspection agency, an issuance form will be issued (or stamped on the export goods customs declaration form to replace the release form).
2. A professional holder of customs declaration certificate must go to the customs clearance procedures with box list , invoice, customs declaration letter, export foreign exchange settlement verification form, export goods contract copy, export commodity inspection certificate and other texts.
box list: the box packing details provided by the exporter.
Invoice: Export product certificate provided by the exporter.
Customs declaration letter (electronic): A certificate of customs declaration agency commissioned by an organization or individual who does not have customs declaration capabilities to entrust customs declaration agents.
Export Verification Form: Apply from the export unit to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, which refers to a document for an export-capable unit to obtain an export tax rebate.
Trade Inspection Certificate: After passing the inspection and qualification of the entry and exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency, it is a general term for various import and export commodity inspection certificates, appraisal certificates and other certificates. It is a valid certificate with legal basis for all parties concerned in foreign trade to fulfill their contractual obligations, handle claims, disputes, arbitration, and litigation, and provides evidence, and is also a necessary proof for customs inspection, release, collection of tariffs and preferential tariff reductions and exemption.
7, loading
During the loading process of cargo, you can decide the loading method based on the amount of goods and take out insurance according to the insurance type stipulated in the "Purchase Contract". Optional:
1, complete container
type of container (also known as container):
(1) divided by specifications and sizes:
At present, the dry containers commonly used in the world are:
outer dimensions are 20 feet X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20 feet containers;
40 feet X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40 feet containers; and the 40 feet X8 feet X9 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40 feet high cabinets that are more commonly used in recent years.
20-foot cabinet: the content volume is 5.69 meters X 2.13 meters X 2.18 meters, the gross weight of distribution is generally 17.5 tons, and the volume is 24-26 cubic meters. 40-foot cabinet: the content volume is 11.8 meters X 2.13 meters X 2.18 meters, the gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons, and the volume is 54 cubic meters.
40-foot cabinet: the content volume is 11.8 meters X 2.13 meters X 2.72 meters. The gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons, and the volume is 68 cubic meters.
45-foot high cabinet: content volume is: 13.58 meters X 2.34 meters X 2.71 meters, the gross weight of distribution is generally 29 tons, and the volume is 86 cubic meters.
20-foot open roof cabinet: content volume is 5.89 meters X 2.32 meters X 2.31 meters, the gross weight of distribution is 20 tons, and the volume is 31.5 cubic meters.
40-foot open roof cabinet: content volume is 12.01 meters X 2.33 meters X 2.15 meters, the gross weight of distribution is 30.4 tons, and the volume is 65 cubic meters.
20-foot flat bottom cabinet: content volume is 5.85 meters X 2.23 meters X 2.15 meters, the gross weight of distribution is 23 tons, and the volume is 28 cubic meters.
40-foot flat bottom container: content volume is 12.05 meters X 2.12 meters X 1.96 meters, the gross weight of distribution is 36 tons, and the volume is 50 cubic meters.
(2) According to the box material, there are aluminum alloy containers, steel plate containers, fiberboard containers, fiberglass containers.
(3) According to the purpose: dry containers; frozen containers (REEFER CONTAINER); clothes hanging containers (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER); open top containers (OPENTOP CONTAINER); frame containers (FLAT RACK CONTAINER); tank containers (TANK CONTAINER).
2. Assembled container
Assembled container, freight costs are generally calculated based on the volume and weight of the exported goods.
8 and Transportation Insurance
Usually both parties have agreed on matters related to transportation insurance in advance when signing the "Purchase Contract". Common insurances include marine cargo transportation insurance, land and air mail cargo transportation insurance, etc. Among them, the insurance types insured in the marine transportation cargo insurance clause are divided into two categories: basic insurance and additional insurance:
(1) Basic insurance includes three types: Ping An insurance (Free from Paricular Average-F.P.A), water stain insurance (With Average or With Particular Average-W.A or W.P.A), and All-insurance (All Risk-A.R.). The scope of liability for safety insurance includes: total loss of goods caused by natural maritime disasters; overall loss of goods during loading and unloading and transfer of ships; sacrifices, sharing and rescue costs caused by common average losses; total loss and partial loss of goods caused by transport ships from reefs, stranding, sinking, collisions, floods, and explosions.Water stain insurance is one of the basic insurances for marine transportation insurance. According to the insurance terms of the People's Insurance Company of China, its scope of liability, in addition to bearing the risks listed in Ping An Insurance, also bears the risks of natural disasters such as harsh climate, lightning, tsunamis, and floods. The scope of liability for all insurances is equivalent to the sum of water damage insurance and general additional insurance.
(2) Additional insurance. There are two types of additional insurance: general additional insurance and special additional insurance. Generally, additional risks include stealing and picking up goods without risk, fresh water rain, short-term leakage, damage and breaking, hook damage, mixed pollution, packaging rupture, mildew, moisture and heat, and smell. Especially additional risks include war risks, strike risks, etc.
9, Bill of Lading
Bill of Lading is a document for importers to pick up goods and settle foreign exchange after the exporter has completed the export customs clearance procedures and customs release.
Bill of lading signed is issued according to the number of copies required by the letter of credit, usually three copies. The exporter keeps two copies to handle tax refunds and other business. One copy is sent to the importer for picking up the goods and other procedures
. When shipping goods by sea, the importer must carry the original bill of lading, box slip, and invoice to collect the goods. (The exporter must send the original bill of lading, box slip and invoice to the importer.)
If the goods are air freight, the goods can be directly extracted by fax pieces of the bill of lading, box slip and invoice. After the export goods are loaded, the import and export company should correctly prepare (box list, invoice, bill of lading, export certificate of origin, export exchange settlement) and other documents in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. During the validity period of the receipt of the letter of credit, submit it to the bank for negotiation and settlement procedures.
In addition to using letter of credit to settle foreign exchange, other payment remittance methods are generally wire transfer (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER(T/T)), bill transfer (DEMAND DRAFT(D/D)), and MAIL TRANDFER(M/T)). Due to the rapid development of electronicization, remittances are mainly mainly done by wire transfer. (In China, enterprises enjoy preferential export tax rebate policies) (Source: Foreign Trade Knowledge Class)
or above belongs to the author's personal opinion and does not represent the position of Hugo.com! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and reprinting requires the authorization and consent of the original author.
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