Around 1949, in accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the liberation of Taiwan, the CCP secretly dispatched more than 1,500 party members and progressives to Taiwan. In the early 1950s, due to the betrayal of traitors, the underground party organizations on the island were severely damaged. A large number of underground party members and progressives were arrested. Among them, more than 1,100 people were publicly tried and executed by the Kuomintang authorities. The remaining 400 people managed to escape pursuit and were finally able to Only a handful of them returned to the mainland.
The main reasons are the weak organizational foundation, impatient guiding ideology and corruption of leadership members. A fortress is most easily breached from within. Corruption destroyed the CCP’s underground party organization in Taiwan, leaving a profound historical lesson.
In October 2013, the Unknown Heroes Memorial Square was built by the Liaison Department of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army to commemorate the large number of unknown heroes who sacrificed their lives on the hidden front in Taiwan. This is the first time that officials have publicly commemorated that dusty history in the form of a memorial square.
On the granite martyrs' list wall at the Unknown Heroes Memorial Square, you can see the names of 846 martyrs who sacrificed their lives in Taiwan so far and have been found through searches by various parties. There are still more than 200 martyrs whose names have not been found.
There are many spaces left on the wall of the martyrs' list so that the names of new heroes and martyrs discovered in the future can be added at any time for future generations to pay homage to.
read a large amount of declassified information in Taiwan, as well as the memories of the martyrs' comrades and relatives, articles written by Taiwanese scholars, and the memories of the head of the secret agent of the Kuomintang's secrecy bureau, and learned about the development, disappearance and disappearance of Taiwan's underground party. The story of the murder of the remaining martyrs is presented to show that tragic history and to comfort the heroes who sacrificed their lives for the reunification of the motherland.
The Taiwan Ethnic Branch of the Japanese Communist Party and the party organizations sent from Yan'an jointly formed the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, which carried out struggles on hidden fronts.
After Taiwan was occupied by Japan, the people on the island still maintained close ties with the mainland. In the early 1920s, some progressive young people accepted communist ideas when they returned to the mainland to study. For example, Xie Xuehong participated in the May 30th Movement in Shanghai in 1925 and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. Classmates at the same time.
In April 1928, the Taiwan Communist Party (later commonly known as the "Old Taiwan Communist Party"), with the backbone of Taiwanese revolutionary youths living in Shanghai, was established on the second floor of a photo studio in the Shanghai Concession. The first leaders were Lin Mushun, Lin Rigao, Zhuang Chunhuo, Hong Chaozong, and Cai Xiaoqian. The alternate members of the Central Committee were Weng Zesheng and Xie Xuehong. The secretary of the Taiwan Communist Party was Lin Mushun.
The Communist Party of Taiwan was established with the help and guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. However, in accordance with the Comintern's principle that colonial party organizations should be under the leadership of the party organizations of the mother country, the name at that time was the Taiwan National Branch of the Communist Party of Japan, which was under the leadership of the Japanese Communist Party.
After the Taiwan Communist Party was established, it returned to the island to mobilize the masses and launched small-scale riots in central and southern Taiwan in 1929. The Japanese police then launched the first "Prosecution of the Taiwan Communist Party" and arrested many key members. As the Japanese Communist Party organization was destroyed on the mainland, in 1931, the Japanese police launched the second "Prosecution of the Taiwan Communist Party" across the island of Taiwan. They arrested the leader of the Taiwan Communist Party, Xie Xuehong and others, and sentenced them to severe sentences. As a result, the organization collapsed, leaving only A small number of people went into hiding among the people or sneaked back to the mainland. After returning to Fujian, Cai Xiaoqian entered the Central Soviet Area and participated in the Second National Soviet Congress as a representative of Taiwan. Later, he followed the Red Army's Long March to northern Shaanxi. During the Anti-Japanese War, he also served as the Minister of the Enemy Industry Department of the Eighth Route Army.
In August 1945, Japan announced its surrender. Subsequently, the Kuomintang troops were transported by the US military to take over Taiwan, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also decided to establish a party organization in Taiwan. Cai Xiaoqian, who was in Yan'an at the time, was the only Taiwanese cadre with Red Army qualifications. Although he had made mistakes in his life style before, given that he was familiar with the situation on the island and had been tested by the Long March, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed this person as secretary of the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee.
html In September, Cai Xiaoqian set off from Yan'an and arrived in Shanghai via Huai'an. After studying in Shanghai for more than a month, in order to develop the organization in Taiwan as soon as possible, the party organization entrusted Li Weiguang, president of the Shanghai Taiwan Association, to handle the procedures for Cai Xiaoqian to enter Taiwan. The early Taiwan Working Committee cadres included Jianji , Xie Xuehong, Chen Fuxing, Zhang Boxian, Liao Ruifa, Lin Liangcai, Lin Yingjie and others.
In April 1946, the first batch of cadres, led by Zhang Zhizhong, took a boat from Shanghai and sneaked into Keelung and Taipei to start activities. Cai Xiaoqian entered Taiwan in July and contacted Xie Xuehong, the "old Taiwan Communist Party" on the island, and others to secretly establish the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China. Chen Zemin serves as deputy secretary and director of the Organization Department, leading work in Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung and other regions; Hong Youqiao serves as member and director of the Propaganda Department, leading work in Taichung, Nantou and other regions; Zhang Zhizhong serves as member and director of the Armed Forces Department, leading Haishan , Taoyuan, Hsinchu and other areas.
Since Taiwan has been under Japanese rule for half a century, the mainland's revolutionary trend has had little impact on the island, and the masses lack understanding of the Communist Party. The Taiwan Working Committee only has more than a hundred party members in one year. The "February 28" incident in 1947 set off a popular uprising across Taiwan against the Kuomintang rule. Due to the lack of preparation in advance, the Taiwan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China only organized some people to participate in the struggle, including Xie Xuehong, Zhang Zhizhong and others. Subsequently, the Kuomintang authorities implemented white terror, which made the secret activities of the Taiwan Working Committee more difficult. However, the growth of public dissatisfaction also provided favorable conditions for the development of the underground party.
At the end of 1948, the Kuomintang's rule on the mainland was facing collapse. Its party, government, military and spy agencies moved to Taiwan one after another, further strengthening its control on the island. However, the underground party organizations still developed rapidly. In May 1949, Shanghai was liberated and Chiang Kai-shek was defeated in Taiwan. At this time, the Taiwan Working Committee reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that the number of underground party members had grown to 1,300, and there were still 2,000 people who sympathized with the party and participated in underground activities. If we add those who can be mobilized The number of people that can be controlled by the ordinary people will reach 50,000, but this is still very weak among the more than 7 million people on the island. Later, more than 1,500 Communist Party members and locally developed Party members and progressives were dispatched from the mainland. In 1949, the War of Liberation was triumphant, and the liberation of Taiwan became a major strategic task. Mao Zedong proposed in July of this year that "we must prepare the conditions for attacking Taiwan. In addition to the army, we mainly rely on internal response and the air force." The "internal response" mentioned here is the underground party organization on the island.
After the establishment of the Taiwan Working Committee, it played an important role in cooperating with the People's Liberation Army to liberate Taiwan and organizing the Taiwanese people to carry out the anti-Chiang struggle.
In the spring of 1949, the Taiwan Working Committee issued a work policy to the underground parties at all levels: "Party organizations at all levels must mobilize every party member and activist, and immediately enter wartime under the general slogan of cooperating with the People's Liberation Army in operations. system and establish necessary wartime institutions" and founded Huoming Yu in Taipei City. In June, Guangming Daily published an editorial titled "Commemorating the 28th Anniversary of the Birth of the Communist Party of China." The article was drafted by Lin Yingjie, an underground member of the Communist Party of China. The article analyzed the favorable situation of the mainland's liberation war, conveyed to the people of Taiwan the news that the People's Liberation Army had crossed the Yangtze River and liberated Nanjing and marched southward, pointed out the development trend that the national liberation was just around the corner, and called on the people of Taiwan to actively Take action and make all preparations to welcome the liberation of the country. Later, "Guangming Daily" and revolutionary slogans appeared in many places across Taiwan, including public places.
The top leader of the Chinese Communist Party in Taiwan, Cai Xiaoqian, was arrested and rebelled, triggering a comprehensive disaster for Taiwan's party organization.
On April 6, 1949, the Taiwan Working Committee launched an anti-American and anti-Chiang student wave. Three months later, someone distributed Guangming Daily, the underground party organ, on the campus of National Taiwan University in Taipei. The secret agents presented a copy of "Guangming Bao" to Taiwan's "Provincial Chairman" and Security Commander Chen Cheng. A few days later, Chiang Kai-shek, as the president of the Kuomintang, held a meeting at the official residence of Yangmingshan, where he denounced Mao Renfeng, director of the Secrecy Bureau, Ji Yuanpu, director of the Investigation Bureau of the "Ministry of the Interior", and Peng Mengji, deputy commander of security in Taiwan Province.
Three days after the emergency meeting in Yangmingshan, agents from the Secret Bureau caught four students who had earlier distributed the "Gong Ming Bao" on the campus of National Taiwan University. A student named Dai Chuanli testified that his sister Dai Zhifang gave him the newspaper, and the person who handed the newspaper to Dai Zhifang was the principal of Keelung Middle School and secretary of the Keelung Working Committee of the Communist Party of China Zhong Haodong . At 3:30 in the morning on August 14 , the Security Bureau sent three action teams to enter the residence of the principal of Keelung Middle School and arrested Zhong Haodong. At the same time, they found equipment for printing "Gang Ming Pao" and a large amount of related promotional materials.
Zhong Haodong went through three days and three nights of continuous interrogation and showed a very strong attitude. He and his wife Jiang Biyu were both underground party members. Facing the menacing agents of the Secrecy Bureau, they said righteously: "We failed this time. We There is no way to escape death, but if we can shed the first drop of blood for our great motherland and great party in Taiwan, we will die gloriously!"
However, the day and night interrogation made Zhong Haodong somewhat mentally trance-like. One day, after experiencing hell-like rounds of torture, Zhong Haodong suddenly asked Gu Zhengwen who was interrogating him: "How is Old Zheng?" Although under interrogation by the agents in turns, Zhong Haodong still refused to tell who "Old Zheng" was. But Gu Zhengwen knew in his heart that "Old Zheng" must be the CCP's top figure in Taiwan.
( Old photos of Zhong Haodong and Jiang Biyu)
After Zhong Haodong was arrested, the Secrecy Bureau successively arrested 44 underground party members. After the rounds of interrogation came to an end, everyone was like toothpaste that had been squeezed out. Among the 44 underground party members, 7 including Zhong Haodong, Jiang Biyu, Luo Zhuocai, and Zhang Yiming were shot, and the others were sentenced to prison terms according to the severity of the crime.
The agent couldn't get the details about "Old Zheng" from Zhong Haodong, so he didn't give up. In October, Li Fen, who was in charge of the labor movement of the Kaohsiung City Working Committee of the underground party, was caught by agents of the Secrecy Bureau after attending a secret meeting. Li Fen was a worker at the Kaohsiung Iron Works. He wrote a confession quickly after his arrest. Gu Zhengwen deliberately released Li Fen in order to "catch a big fish." In mid-October 1949, in order to protect himself, Li Fen quietly returned to the Kaohsiung Station of the Security Bureau to deliver information. Li Fen told Gu Zhengwen that his superior had made an appointment with him to meet in front of the Kaohsiung City Farmers Association on October 31. In this way, Chen Zemin, deputy secretary of the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, was arrested. After severe torture, Chen Zemin revealed the address of "Old Zheng": No. 26, Quanzhou Street, Taipei City. But when the agents arrived at the residence, it was empty.
On January 29, 1950, the special agents who had been stationed at the residence of "Old Zheng" for a long time caught a man in his 40s returning home. This person gave a false name and identity and asked for food while being detained. Gu Zhengwen recalled that he could tell at a glance that this person had a weakness for pursuing enjoyment, so he asked people to buy him dumplings every day. A week later, this person said, "I'm almost going crazy thinking about the taste of steak!" and specified that he wanted to buy it at the most upscale Polly Lucy restaurant in Taipei. After eating the steak, the man said that as a token of his gratitude, he could take them to a Communist stronghold. Since Gu Zhengwen was ordered to go south to Kaohsiung at this time to arrange a large-scale manhunt, he handed Lao Zheng over to his agent Niu Shukun for interrogation. Niu Shukun and other small agents also hoped to gain promotion by destroying underground party organizations.
So at noon the next day, Lao Zheng took Niu Shukun to the Telecommunications Bureau on Boai Road in Taipei to arrest a contact named Shi. When they arrived at the telecommunications office, Cai Xiaoqian asked the arresting officers to keep a distance from him in order to avoid suspicion by the contacts. When the crowd was in chaos, Cai Xiaoqian tried to escape through the back door, but failed.
That night, he took advantage of the quick success mentality of Niu Shukun and other agents, and lied that his contact person was not at work today. He was willing to continue leading the agents to Wuchang Street in Taipei City to identify the residence of the contact person named Shi at night. As a result, when he walked into a dark factory, Cai Xiaoqian took advantage of the agents' unpreparedness and used the cover of night and terrain to suddenly run away.
After "Old Zheng" escaped, Gu Zhengwen discovered that he was Cai Xiaoqian, the top person in charge of the Taiwan underground party of the Communist Party of China.
Cai Xiaoqian (1908-1982), a native of Huatan Township, Changhua County, Taiwan Province, formerly known as Cai Qian, Cai Qian, and Yang Mingshan; graduated from the Japanese-run Changhua Public School in 1922, and studied at the Communist Party of China from 1924 to 1925 Department of Social Sciences of Shanghai University, influenced by Qu Qiubai, Ren Bishi, etc., participated in the Shanghai Taiwan Youth Association and formed the Shanghai Taiwanese Association. In December 1925, he participated in the establishment of the Shanghai Taiwan Students Association. In July 1926, he returned to Taiwan to promote the revolution, organized the left wing of the Taiwan Cultural Association, and served as a consultant and writer for the official newspaper. In 1928, he participated in the formation of the Communist Party of Taiwan. In April, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee, a permanent member and the Minister of Propaganda and Agitation of the Communist Party of Taiwan. In August of the same year, in order to avoid being hunted by the Japanese authorities, he secretly sneaked to Zhangzhou, Fujian Province with Hong Chaozong, Pan Qinxin, and Xie Yuye, and taught at Shima Middle School and Longxi Girls' Middle School.
In April 1932, Lin Biao led the Red East Route Army to occupy Zhangzhou. Cai Xiaoqian was recommended by the underground party Li Wentang to Jiangxi Soviet Area. Luo Ronghuan, director of the Political Department of the First Red Army Corps, arranged to enter the Red Army Political Department and use the pseudonym "Cai Qian" to carry out work; in mid-June, In Tingzhou was summoned by Zhou Enlai, Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of the Communist Party of China, and reunited with his teacher Ren Bishi. That month, Cai Xiaoqian was elected director of the General League at the first congress of the Anti-Imperialist General League in the Soviet area. After that, he met Mao Zedong's brothers Mao Zetan and Hu Yaobang and worked together, forming a deep friendship.
Cai Xiaoqian's greatest asset is that he is the only Taiwanese who participated in the 25,000-mile Long March. This qualification is usually a basic condition for the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries of the Chinese Communist Party. During the Long March, he developed revolutionary feelings with the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries, paving the way for him to become the top leader of Taiwan's underground party.
(old photos of Cai Xiaoqian during the Eighth Route Army period)
Cai Xiaoqian’s memoirs describe his march with the Central Column commanded by Ye Jianying. He witnessed the Red Army’s tragic crossing of the Xiangjiang River: “The wounded were carried one by one to the back... The Fifth Red Division has been resisting for two full days, and the central column is still crossing the river. By this time, the Fifth Red Division has had one division chief of staff, two regiment commanders, one regiment political commissar, and two regiment commanders killed one after another. and a regiment political commissar were injured, and company and battalion-level cadres suffered even more casualties..."
The final stage of the Long March across the grassland was also the most difficult stage. A large number of CCP, government and military personnel died along the way. With perseverance and a bit of luck, Cai Xiaoqian followed the large army and completed the Long March to northern Shaanxi. During the Anti-Japanese War, he worked at the Eighth Route Army Headquarters. In 1938, he served as the director of the Field Political Department and the Enemy Industry Department of the Eighth Route Army Headquarters, responsible for the management of Japanese prisoners and propaganda against the enemy. In October 1941, he attended the Yan'an Oriental Nationalities Anti-Fascist Congress and was elected to the Oriental All Nations in December. Member of the Standing Committee of the National Anti-Fascist Alliance; attended the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China from April to June 1945.
After Cai Xiaoqian successfully escaped, he immediately notified the people he could contact: Tu Jianhong, Yan Xiufeng, Zhu Zhanzhi and other relevant personnel. Then he fled to Fenqihu, Chiayi County and hid.
Cai Xiaoqian's escape enabled the transfer of a large number of cadres, but the secret agents still discovered many important clues by studying the information searched in Cai Xiaoqian's home.
In Cai Xiaoqian's notes, the Secrecy Bureau discovered an address. Based on Chen Zemin's confession, it was determined to be Zhang Zhizhong's residence. On February 7, Zhang Zhizhong, the armed minister of the Taiwan Working Committee, was arrested at his residence.
The agents also found the words "Secretary Wu" on the notes they found at Cai Xiaoqian's residence. Since Wu Shi is the only deputy chief of staff of Taiwan's "Ministry of Defense" with the surname Wu, Gu Zhengwen concluded that Wu Shi was providing intelligence to the CCP. Cai Xiaoqian betrayed Wu Shi after his rebellion, which verified Gu Zhengwen's judgment.
The "big fish" took the bait and ran away, and the Kuomintang agents would not give up. After Gu Zhengwen got the news that "Old Zheng" had escaped, he rushed back to Taipei from Kaohsiung. Mao Renfeng threatened Gu Zhengwen, blaming him for poor supervision, and punished him with two major demerits. If "Old Zheng" is captured and brought to justice, these two major demerits will be avoided. Gu Zhengwen began to make arrangements to catch "Old Zheng" again.
Two months later, Gu Zhengwen learned about some of Cai Xiaoqian's relationships with the "Old Taiwan Communist Party". Through tracing and interrogation, on March 9, 1950, Secret Service agents arrested Huang, an old Taiwan Communist Party member who lived in the Zhongshan Market in Taipei. sky. Since Lao Zheng had lived with his sister-in-law in Huang Tian's home after his escape, Huang Tian knew Lao Zheng's whereabouts relatively well. After being tortured and beaten, Huang Tian admitted that Lao Zheng had settled in Chiayi's Dung Ji Lake (today's Fenqi Lake), a doctor surnamed Lin. Home.
Gu Zhengwen learned that Cai Xiaoqian had hid in rural Chiayi, so he sent the special agent who had detained him to search for him. In order to avoid being conspicuous, the agents put on peasant clothes. After arriving at the local area, they saw a man in a suit from a distance on the country road. They felt that it was unusual to wear a suit in the countryside, so they caught up with him and saw that it was "Old Zheng". After questioning, it turned out that after two months of hiding in the countryside, he felt miserable and wanted to satisfy his craving at a Western restaurant in the town, so he no longer cared about the taboos in dressing.
After the interrogation of Cai Xiaoqian, Chen Zemin, Zhang Zhizhong and others, Mao Renfeng and Gu Zhengwen wanted to know how these people learned their lessons, so they put them in a cell and listened to their conversations.
According to Gu Zhengwen’s recollection, Zhang Zhizhong organized his fellow prisoners to criticize Cai Xiaoqian every day, pointing his nose at him and scolding him: “He embezzled 10,000 US dollars in work funds, had breakfast at Polly Lucy Restaurant every day, and he even dared to publicize that he was a member of the Communist Party. Taiwan's leader." Gu Zhengwen, a traitor turned spy, had been led by Luo Ronghuan in the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and was very familiar with the situation within the Communist Party. He pointed out in his memoirs: "I believe that the reason why the Communist Party's underground work in Taiwan failed was not only that the members of the organization were too optimistic, which made their appearance too exposed, but also that the extravagant personality of its leader Cai Xiaoqian was a serious fatal flaw!" "If someone has the talent of Zhou Enlai or Luo Ronghuan, then the history of the CCP's hidden front struggle on the island may have to be rewritten."
Cai Xiaoqian provided all the list information within a week after his rebellion, including Wu Shi, Zhu Feng More than 400 communists and progressives, including Chen Baocang, Chen Baocang, and Nie Xi, were arrested, resulting in the destruction of all organizations affiliated to the Taiwan Working Committee.
After Cai Xiaoqian's rebellion, he betrayed his comrades and comrades to the point where he became insane and insane. Gu Zhengwen recalled: "I am most dissatisfied with Cai Xiaoqian's character; and although Zhang Zhizhong was sentenced to death, I have the highest opinion of him. Cai Xiaoqian only works hard every day to write according to the outline of the confession I gave him, and these manuscripts are piled up Half a man tall."
At a meeting in May 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo said that from August 1949 to early March 1950, the Secrecy Bureau had uncovered more than 80 "Chinese Communist espionage cases." Just because Cai Xiaoqian defected to the Kuomintang, more than 1,800 people were arrested, interrogated and investigated.
Cai Xiaoqian joined the Kuomintang after his rebellion and served as a member of the Design Committee of the Secrecy Bureau of the "Ministry of Defense"; in 1956, he served in the "Bandit Intelligence Research Office of the Ministry of National Defense Intelligence Bureau" and was later promoted to deputy director of the major general of the office and deputy director of the Investigation Bureau of the "Ministry of Justice and Administration" Director. Due to his many evil deeds and fear of being assassinated by the underground party, Cai Xiaoqian was under strict security for a long time and lived in seclusion. He died of illness in Taiwan in October 1982.
In April 1950, in response to this unprecedented crisis, the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "April Instructions." Aiming at reorganizing underground party organizations, it ordered fugitive cadres and personnel in various places to quickly reorganize their organizations and carry out in-depth and hidden mass work to preserve cadres and accumulate strength.
The underground party organization in northern Taiwan headed by Lao Hong (Chen Fuxing), in accordance with the "April Instructions", secretly entered the Miaoli Mountains at the end of 1950 with the intention of rebuilding the underground party organization.
The underground party at this stage took several actions to prevent the infiltration of Kuomintang agents and to actively attack, such as stopping the recruitment of new party members, improving branches, and consolidating the organization to prevent Kuomintang agents from penetrating into the organization; using legal groups and public opinion institutions , grassroots organizations and local factions, etc., to carry out legal struggles against the Kuomintang; more importantly, through labor, they go deep into rural areas and mountainous areas; from rural areas to mountainous areas, it is forbidden to take trains or cars, do not take highways or main roads, and only take small roads and night roads. Road, living in mountains, caves, streams, wastelands, and jungles.
(On July 11, 1950, underground members of the Communist Party of China Liu Jinyu and Yan Huixian drank alcohol at personal request before being shot dead)
On March 26, 1950, the Secrecy Bureau destroyed the "Zhuzikeng Armed Base" in the mountainous area of central Taiwan. , killed four underground party members and injured nearly ten underground party members.
The picture shows that in 1952, the underground party hiding in the mountainous area came down to surrender.
On December 28, 1952, the "Lukku Armed Base" was destroyed in the suburbs of Taipei. During the armed attack that day, secret agents from the Secrecy Bureau joined the military and police. More than 600 communist suspects were arrested.
At this point, Taiwan’s underground party organizations that sneaked into Taiwan to develop after the Anti-Japanese War were completely destroyed.
(Related reports from Kuomintang newspapers about cracking down on the CCP’s underground party organization)
In the brutal massacre by the Kuomintang, Wu Shi, Zhu Feng, Chen Baocang, Nie Xi and other unyielding heroes emerged.
On June 10, 1950, a row of soldiers walked into the Taipei The Security Bureau Prison on Yanping South Road escorts death row inmates who are about to be executed. Four mighty and unyielding warriors were tied up and transported to the execution ground in Racecourse Town in a military truck. Those who died heroically were Lieutenant General Wu Shi, deputy chief of staff of the Kuomintang's "Ministry of Defense", Zhu Feng, female special commissioner of the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Lieutenant General Chen Baocang, director of the Fourth Military Station of the Kuomintang's "Joint Logistics Headquarters", and Colonel Nie Xi, Wu Shi's trusted attaché.
Wu Shi: The "time bomb" around Chiang Kai-shek
Wu Shi was born in August 1894 in Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. He studied at the Japanese Artillery School, and after graduation entered the Japanese Army University. He ranked first when he graduated from both schools, causing a sensation in the military circles of China and Japan. He is known as the "Twelve Talents": capable of writing, martial arts, poetry, poetry, calligraphy, painting, English, Japanese, riding, shooting, driving, and swimming.
After returning to China after graduating with honors, Wu Shi served as an instructor at the Kuomintang Army University for many years. Many senior generals in the Kuomintang army were his students.
In 1939, Wu Shi reunited with his old friend Wu Zhongxi, whom he had not seen for more than 20 years. At that time, Wu Zhongxi served as the director of the Military Affairs Department of the Fourth War Zone Governor's Department and the Shaoguan garrison commander in Shaoguan . He secretly joined the Chinese Communist Party on the eve of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, and has been working underground in the upper echelons of the Kuomintang army since then.
At the end of 1940, Bai Chongxi recommended Wu Shi as the chief of staff of the fourth theater lieutenant general, and Wu Zhongxi also transferred Liuzhou to serve as the law enforcement supervisor of the fourth theater lieutenant general. The two old friends worked together again. In the past few years, Wu Shi often expressed a feeling of resentment and disappointment. Wu Zhongxi recalled: "Wu Shi had a good impression of the Communists. He had read Mao Zedong's "On Protracted War" and other military works, listened to Zhou Enlai's speech at Luojia Mountain in Wuhan, and also had friends with Ye Jianying and others. "
In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, Wu Shi served as the Lieutenant General Director of the Office of the Minister of Military and Political Affairs in Chongqing. Wu Zhongxi was transferred to Nanjing Military Senate Lieutenant General in January 1946. Pan Hannian, head of Shanghai's underground party organization, and others instructed Wu Zhongxi to try to find a practical position within the Ministry of National Defense through Wu Shi's connections in order to better carry out military intelligence work.
In September 1946, with the help of Wu Shi, Wu Zhongxi was appointed as the lieutenant general chief inspector of the Inspection Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense. In this way, Wu Zhongxi could use this position to collect military intelligence by visiting various places and inspecting troops.
In April 1947, Wu Shi formally established contact with the Communist Party after meeting with Liu Xiao, Secretary of the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China and others. He often traveled between Shanghai and Nanjing, constantly sending important information and submitting it to the East China Bureau.
In June 1948, Wu Zhongxi was sent to the Xuzhou "Bandit Suppression" Headquarters. Wu Zhongxi met Wu Shi in Nanjing, and Wu Shi wrote a letter to his student Li Shuzheng, chief of staff of the Xuzhou "bandit suppression" headquarters, asking Li to take care of him and provide convenience. After Wu Zhongxi arrived in Xuzhou, Li Shuzheng read Wu Shi's letter, was particularly polite to Wu Zhongxi, and took him to the confidential room of the headquarters to see the battle map. Wu Zhongxi saw the 1:25,000 military map, which detailed the locations, numbers, arms, etc. of the Kuomintang and Communist troops, clearly reflecting the situation on the entire front from Haizhou in the east to Shangqiu in the west. Wu Zhongxi secretly recorded the main deployment and tried to report the above information to Pan Hannian. Wu Zhongxi recalled: "The completion of this mission would not have been so smooth without Wu Shi's powerful help and without Li Shuzheng's various cares in accordance with Wu Shi's instructions."
The Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense still has more than 500 boxes of military supplies. Confidential files show that Defense Minister Bai Chongxi and Chief of Staff Chen Cheng advocated direct shipment to Taiwan. Wu Shi proposed to temporarily move to Fuzhou on the grounds that "if you enter, it is easy to return to Beijing, and if you retreat, it is convenient to transfer to another station." The Kuomintang authorities adopted his opinion. Therefore, Wu Shi sent people to escort more than 500 boxes of confidential files from Nanjing to Fuzhou, and kept them in the main hall of Yushan Qi Gong Temple.At this time, Wu Shi had learned that he would serve as deputy director of the Fuzhou Pacification Office, and planned to revolt in Fuzhou once the time was right and dedicate all these confidential files to the People's Liberation Army.
In late May 1949, when Wu Shi took office in Fuzhou, the Kuomintang authorities sent a telegram to expedite the transfer of Fuzhou archives to Taiwan. Wu Shi used the excuse of "military transportation was tight and it was difficult to transfer ships". On the one hand, he shipped more than a hundred boxes of reference materials and military books to Taiwan as top-secret files; General affairs team leader Nie Xi and accompanying staff officer Wang Qiang transferred 298 boxes of top-secret files to the Fujian Provincial Research Institute's library in Cangqian Mountain for storage, and finally handed them over to the headquarters of the Tenth Corps of the People's Liberation Army.
html In July, Wu Shi traveled from Fuzhou to Hong Kong via Guangzhou to find Wu Zhongxi. Wu Shi told Wu Zhongxi that the Fujian Appeasement Office had ended and that he had been transferred to the position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Ministry of National Defense and was going to Taiwan. Wu Zhongxi once asked him to consider whether he was sure to go to Taiwan. If he was not going, he could stay here and transfer to the liberated areas. Wu Shi said that he had made his determination too late and had done too little for the people. Now that there is still a chance, personal risks are nothing. In order to avoid suspicion, he went to Taiwan with his wife Wang Bikui and their two children, leaving his eldest son Wu Shaocheng and eldest daughter Wu Lancheng in the mainland.On October 25, the People's Liberation Army failed to attack Kinmen due to lack of military intelligence. In November, the People's Liberation Army also suffered heavy losses in its attack on the Zhoushan Islands. These two battles sounded a wake-up call to the People's Liberation Army: liberating Taiwan will be more difficult than expected. In order to retrieve the important military intelligence mastered by Wu Shi as soon as possible, the East China Bureau decided to send Zhu Feng, a female party member who has long been engaged in intelligence work in Shanghai and Hong Kong, to Taiwan to contact Wu Shi.
On November 27, Zhu Feng arrived in Taiwan from Hong Kong and got in touch with Cai Xiaoqian. A week later, Wu Shi secretly met with Zhu Feng at his apartment and provided her with a batch of top-secret military intelligence microfilms, which included: "Taiwan Theater Strategic Defense Map"; the latest "Coastal Defense Front Line" of Zhoushan Islands, Greater and Lesser Kinmen Position strength and firearms equipment map"; ocean current data in the Taiwan Strait and Taiwan Sea area; geographical data analysis of various strategic landing points on Taiwan Island ; fleet deployment and distribution of naval bases; types of aircraft fleets at air force airports and the number of aircraft. In addition, there is also the "Contingency Plan for Organizing a Nationwide Guerrilla Armed Forces after the Fall of the Mainland" and so on. This batch of intelligence was quickly passed to the East China Bureau intelligence department through Hong Kong. Among them, several pieces of top-secret military intelligence were also submitted to Mao Zedong.
The picture shows Wu Shi being escorted to court and signing the trial document
On March 1, 1950, the Taiwan authorities ordered the arrest of Wu Shi, Wu Shi's wife Wang Bikui, and Wu Shi's friends on the charge of "conducting espionage activities for the Chinese Communist Party" Lieutenant General Chen Baocang, Director of the Fourth Military Station of the "Joint Logistics Headquarters", Colonel Nie Xi, Wu Shi's trusted attaché, and others.
html On May 6, before Wu Shi was executed, he was upright and calmly recited a poem he composed in prison: "The will of God is unknown, and the events of the world are even more unknown. I have worked hard in my life to be loyal and kind, and it is too sad to end like this." In a dream of fifty-seven years, all the ambitions of fame have come to naught. With the confidence of a general, I can’t stand it.”After Wu Shi was killed, the Kuomintang Secrecy Bureau sent people to clean up this “Ministry of Defense” staff officer. When the second eldest son's property was found, only one gold bar weighing four taels was found. Even the special agent in charge of the search lamented: Such a big official is not worth it.
Zhu Feng: "Sister Jiang" of the Taiwan underground party of the Communist Party of China
Zhu Feng, born in 1905. A native of Zhenhai, Zhejiang, he came from a wealthy family.
Two months before the founding of New China in 1949, Zhu Feng was still engaged in intelligence work in Hong Kong. Her husband, Zhu Xiaoguang, had followed the People's Liberation Army from Northeast China to Shanghai to participate in the reception work, and was appointed as the main leader of Xinhua Bookstore. Daughter Zhu Xiaofeng, who has grown up fighting in the army since she was 8 years old, is now 18 years old and has entered Shanghai Medical College to study medicine. The organization learned about the actual situation of Zhu Feng's family and decided to transfer her to Shanghai. In August, Zhu Feng asked his friends to bring his son Zhu Ming, who was in primary school, back to Shanghai first, while he finished the work at hand.After completing the handover of the work, she wrote to her husband and daughter: "You can leave at any time now!"
During the days when Zhu Feng and his family were reunited with their dreams, the relevant leaders of the East China Bureau were considering candidates for a major mission. New China is about to be founded, and the liberation of Taiwan is on the line. However, the battles in Kinmen and Zhoushan were unexpectedly frustrated. It is urgent to send people to Taiwan to contact the underground party, but who can take on such an important task? Zhu Feng, who is loyal, alert, mature and has social connections in Taiwan, became the number one ideal candidate.
However, the superiors knew that Zhu Feng had been in the heart of the enemy for more than ten years and could not bear to let her take this risk when she was about to be transferred back to Shanghai to reunite with her family. But when there was no second option, the organization finally talked to her and asked for her opinion. Although this task was unexpected, Zhu Feng expressed his obedience to the organization's decision and immediately wrote a letter home to her husband that was not easy to understand: "Brother will go out on business and will stay here for a few months. Sister, don't worry about it, and don't worry about it." Others have said, if my sister needs to go somewhere else, please don't stop for me. At this time, don't worry about personal matters, it is more important to do it. In a few months, I will be in a happier mood with my sister. See each other, and hope that my sister will wait for a more pleasant reunion with peace of mind..."
Zhu Feng married in the Northeast at the age of 22, and her husband was the chief engineer of Fengtian Arsenal. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Zhu Feng and her husband returned to Zhenhai. In the summer of the next year, her husband unfortunately died of illness, leaving behind two children. Her ex-husband’s eldest daughter Aju and son-in-law Wang Changcheng were both in Taiwan at the time. My son-in-law is the director of the Telecommunications Management Office of the Taiwan Provincial Police. A few months ago, Zhu Feng had just received a letter from her daughter and son-in-law, inviting her to visit Taiwan and sending relevant documents, but she politely declined. Now, she is really going to visit her daughter and son-in-law whom she has not seen for many years. On her body were two letters of introduction issued by the organization, one to Cai Xiaoqian and one to Wu Shi. Hidden in the clothing compartments were gold necklaces and gold bracelets.
On November 27, 1949, Zhu Feng arrived in Keelung, Taiwan from Hong Kong. Aju and her husband came to greet Zhu Feng. Although they are not biological children, Zhu Feng and A Ju have a good relationship as mother and daughter. According to the agreement with his superiors before departure, Zhu Feng would only meet two people in a single line during his trip to Taiwan, and he would return after completing the task.
Relying on the natural barrier of A Ju and his wife, Zhu Feng first met with Cai Xiaoqian and the two parties agreed on contact information; soon after, he met with Wu Shi and met seven times. He obtained a large amount of top-secret military intelligence, and quickly passed on the relationship to be transferred to Hong Kong. mainland. After more than 40 days of life and death, Zhu Feng successfully completed the tasks assigned by the organization and received instructions from his superiors: "Return as soon as possible."
On January 14, 1950, Zhu Feng asked Aju to buy a ticket to Hong Kong, and also asked a friend to help him. Send a note back to my relatives in Shanghai. There were only a few words on the note: "Feng (Zhu Feng's nickname at home is Guifeng) will return to Li within the month."
While Zhu Feng was waiting for the ticket, Taiwan had implemented "martial law" and all sea and air channels in and out of Taiwan were blocked. closure. In an emergency, she asked Wu Shi for help. Wu Shi took the risk and issued a "special pass" to send Zhu Feng to Zhoushan, which was still in the hands of the Kuomintang army, via military aircraft, seeking to use Zhoushan fishing boats to return Zhu Feng to his hometown of Zhenhai.
html On February 2, Cai Xiaoqian was arrested and soon rebelled, confessing Zhu Feng and Wu Shi. He also called Zhu Feng, but Zhu Feng had already left. At Wu Shi's apartment, the agents found evidence of the "special pass" issued for Zhu Feng. As a result, the evidence of Wu Shi's "collaboration with the enemy" and Zhu Feng's whereabouts were all exposed. After Zhu Feng arrived in Zhoushan, he hid with a friend in a hospital. On February 18, Zhu Feng was arrested in Dinghai.Zhu Feng realized that the odds were stacked against him. When he was detained in Shenjiamen, he took out a gold necklace and a gold bracelet from the cracks of his leather jacket and swallowed them four times. He was determined to die in the line of duty. However, he was discovered by the enemy and went to the hospital to take out the gold items. Escorted back to Taiwan.
The Kuomintang agents originally thought that Zhu Feng, a female prostitute, would be as greedy for life and fearful of death as Cai Xiaoqian and betray his comrades, but Zhu Feng was upright and would rather die than surrender. On June 10, 1950, the Kuomintang authorities shot Zhu Feng to death in Taipei.
In July 1951, signed by Chen Yi, then mayor of Shanghai, Shanghai Municipal People's Government approved Zhu Feng as a revolutionary martyr.
Chen Baocang: Chen Baocang, a Kuomintang lieutenant general
who dedicated his life to justice, was born in 1900. Hebei Zunhua people. After graduating from middle school, he gave up literature and joined the military. He was admitted to the Qinghe Officer Preparatory School in Hebei Province. After two years, he was transferred to the ninth engineering section of the Baoding Army Officer School. After graduating in 1923, he served in the Kuomintang army.
In early 1937, Chen Baocang served as the chief of the Education Section of the Wuhan Branch of the Central Military Academy and director of the Wuhan City Defense Command Post, responsible for Wuhan's defense. In August, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai. There was a huge disparity in strength between the two sides. Chen Baocang was appointed as the commander of Kunshan City Defense, giving the Japanese a head-on blow and buying time for the transfer of people and materials from Shanghai and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
In the spring of 1938, Chen Baocang participated in the Battle of Xuancheng and was bombed by Japanese planes, resulting in the blindness of his right eye. In June, the Japanese army attacked Wuhan with its navy and air force. Chen Baocang was transferred to participate in the Wuhan battle before his eye injury healed. Later, recommended by Chen Cheng, commander of the Ninth War Zone, he served as chief of staff to Zhang Fakui, commander-in-chief of the Second Corps, and participated in the De'an Battle. In this battle, more than 20,000 Japanese troops were annihilated.
In the spring of 1939, Zhang Fakui was transferred to the commander-in-chief of the Fourth War Zone, and Chen Baocang was appointed deputy chief of staff and acting chief of staff, responsible for the military and political affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi.
During this period, Chen Baocang had the opportunity to have extensive contact with Communists and cultural figures, and became a sincere friend of the Communist Party. In the autumn of 1939, in order to block China's seaports and cut off international material support to China, the Japanese army smuggled more than 100,000 people from Hainan Island to Hainan, landed on the coast of Qinfang, Guangxi, and captured Nanning along the Yongqin Highway. Kunlun Pass . The Kuomintang mobilized troops to launch a general offensive, and Chen Baocang was responsible for organizing and commanding the Lingshan battle. The Battle of Guangnan lasted for one year, killing and wounding more than 40,000 Japanese troops, forcing the Japanese troops to withdraw southward.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Baocang was transferred to the director of the Fourth Military Station Directorate. During the War of Liberation, Wang Yaowu, chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province, reported to Chiang Kai-shek that Chen Baocang was suspected of missing supplies and funding the People's Liberation Army, and Chen Baocang was dismissed. In the spring of 1948, Chen Baocang joined the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee in Hong Kong and contacted Rao Zhangfeng and Fang Fang of the Hong Kong Branch of the CPC Central Committee. He expressed his desire and determination to go to Taiwan to work for the reunification of the motherland. At the end of the year, Chen Baocang's case was dropped and he was transferred to the position of Lieutenant General Senior Counselor of the Ministry of National Defense.
Lieutenant General Chen Baocang took a photo before his death on June 10, 1950.
In 1949, Chen Baocang was dispatched by the South China Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee to work in Taiwan. In June 1950, due to Cai Xiaoqian's betrayal, Chen Baocang's identity was exposed. He, Wu Shi, Zhu Feng, and Nie Xi were sentenced to death by the Kuomintang's special military court and died calmly. In 1952, Mao Zedong signed and issued a glorious commemorative certificate to the families of the workers who died in the revolution, and awarded Chen Baocang the title of revolutionary martyr.
Nie Xi: A steel warrior who would rather die than surrender
Nie Xi, formerly known as Nie Nenghui, was born in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province in 1917. He has successively served as the leader of the General Affairs Group of the Historical and Political Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, and the Chief of the Communication Section of the General Affairs Office of the Southeast Military and Political Administrator's Office, with the rank of colonel.
On the eve of the liberation of Fuzhou in 1949, when Wu Shi went to Fuzhou to formally assume the post of deputy director of the Fuzhou Appeasement Office, the Kuomintang authorities telegraphed the files stored in Fuzhou to Taiwan. Wu Shi ordered Nie Xi and his accompanying staff officer Wang Qiang to transfer all 298 boxes of top-secret files. After the liberation of Fuzhou, these top-secret military files were handed over by Wang Qiang to the headquarters of the Tenth Corps of the People's Liberation Army.
After Nie Xi went to Taiwan with Wu Shi, Zhu Feng went to Taiwan to meet with Wu Shi. Nie Xi acted as a messenger between the two and transferred a large amount of top-secret information to the mainland through Zhu Feng. After Cai Xiaoqian's rebellion, Nie Xi was arrested.
Pictures of Nie Xi (Colonel), an underground member of the Chinese Communist Party and the former director of the Fourth Joint Service Station of the Kuomintang, being kidnapped and taken to the execution ground.
On June 10, 1950, Wu Shi, Zhu Feng, Chen Baocang, and Nie Xi died heroically. Nie Xi was only 33 years old at the time and was the youngest among the four martyrs. When the Taiwanese media reported in the newspaper, they also distributed a photo of Nie Xi being led to the execution ground before his execution. Nie Xi was wearing a white shirt, the lower part of which was tucked into military trousers, and riding boots. His hands were tied behind his back, with a natural expression and a smile. The photo before his execution can be called a classic moment of sacrificing one's life for righteousness, which has amazed future generations.
Other heroes and survivors
In addition to the four famous heroes Wu Shi, Zhu Feng, Chen Baocang and Nie Xi, a large number of hard-core Communist Party members and progressives were killed.
Zhang Zhizhong, who served as the Minister of the Armed Forces Department of the Taiwan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, remained steadfast and unyielding after being "reinforced" by the Kuomintang for more than four years after his arrest. Chiang Ching-kuo went to prison twice to persuade Zhang Zhizhong to surrender. After the Kuomintang exhausted all means to no avail, they killed Zhang Zhizhong on March 16, 1954. After long-term investigation and verification, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China designated Zhang Zhizhong and his wife Ji Yu as martyrs in January 1998, and notified their relatives.
Lin Yingjie, who served as a member of the Taiwan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and was responsible for leading the "Guangming Daily", the official newspaper of the Working Committee, was assigned by the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China in 1946 to engage in underground revolutionary activities in Taiwan. In June 1949, Guangming Daily published an editorial drafted by Lin Yingjie entitled "Commemorating the 28th Anniversary of the Birth of the Communist Party of China", which shocked the whole island and alarmed Chiang Kai-shek. Kuomintang agents began to track down the "Guangming Daily". Lin Yingjie made a prompt decision and notified underground party members Chen Zhonghao, Wang Zhiyuan, Chen Shaolin, Fang Qiaoran and others who were directly related to the case to retreat to the mainland as soon as possible. Lin Yingjie sent batches of comrades back to the mainland, but he stayed in Taiwan and continued to fight against the enemy. In March 1950, Lin Yingjie was captured. On July 22, Lin Yingjie was shot and killed at the age of 37. After Lin Yingjie's death, his relatives received great help from Xie Juezai, the then Minister of the Interior, in 1957, and received a revolutionary martyr certificate and a martyr's family certificate.
Jian Ji, who serves as the secretary of the Mountain Working Committee of the Taiwan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a "old Taiwan Communist". When the "February 28" incident broke out in 1947, Jian Ji and Zhang Zhizhong organized the Taiwan Autonomous Allied Forces in Chiayi. In 1950, Jian Ji was arrested and considered dead. On March 7, 1951, Jian Ji was shot dead in Machang Town, Taipei.
Zhong Haodong, an underground member of the Chinese Communist Party in Taiwan and the principal of Keelung Middle School in Taiwan, was arrested and looked forward to his death. His wife, Jiang Biyu, was also an underground party member. Faced with the menacing agents of the Secrecy Bureau, she was upright and awe-inspiring: "We failed this time, and we cannot escape death. However, we can shed the first drop of blood in Taiwan for the great motherland and the great party. We will die with honor!" The couple both died heroically.
Liu Jinyu, an underground member of the Communist Party of China and general manager of Taiwan Electric Power Company, was born in Minhou, Fujian. After Taiwan was restored, Liu Jinyu was among the first batch of professionals to receive power facilities in Taiwan. Later, the Taiwan Electric Power Company was established, and Liu Jinyu was appointed as the director and general manager of the Taiwan Electric Power Company. On July 17, 1950, Liu Jinyu was shot to death.
Wang Zhengjun, Wu Shi's adjutant, died heroically on August 10, 1950 for assisting Wu Shi in collecting and delivering intelligence for the CCP. After being arrested, he refused to admit the crime in the face of severe torture and inducements. On July 1, 2011, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a notice "On Approving Wang Zhengjun as a Revolutionary Martyr."
On February 6, 1950, the Taiwan Work Station of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was busted by the secret service. More than 100 people, including An Xuelin, Su Yilin, Chen Ping, and Ge Zhongqing, were arrested. Those who refused to surrender were shot to death.
(Old photos of An Xuelin, Su Yilin, Chen Ping, Ge Zhongqing, etc. when they were shot in 1950)
Luo Tianhe of the Taiwan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was sentenced to death. He died calmly and generously!
Liu Guangdian was once an important figure in Taiwan's "CCP spy case". He, Wu Shi and Zhu Feng were later called the "Three Heroes" of the CCP's intelligence work in Taiwan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke out. Liu Guangdian accepted the CCP's proposition and joined the underground organization led by the CCP. He went through life and death many times, collecting and delivering intelligence, and contributed to the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign and the liberation of the entire Northeast. After being betrayed by a traitor, he died heroically.
( Old photos of martyr Liu Guangdian during his lifetime)
In 1950, due to Cai Xiaoqian's rebellion, Liu Qingshi, an underground member of the Taiwanese Communist Party of China, was wanted by the Kuomintang. He lurked in the cemetery for four years before being arrested in 1954, becoming the last person to be arrested.
Xie Hanguang is the underground member of the Chinese Communist Party who has persisted in the struggle for the longest time in Taiwan. Xie Hanguang is from Fengshun County, Guangdong. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was dispatched by the South China Bureau of the Communist Party of China and entered Taiwan to engage in underground work.In late September 1949, the underground party organization of the Chinese Communist Party in Taichung was destroyed. After escaping, Xie Hanguang went down the mountain and fled to an extremely remote mountain village in Taitung. With the help of the village chief, he pretended to be Ye Yikui, a farmer of the Yungaoshan ethnic group who had been missing for many years. , worked there and spent 39 difficult and dangerous years. It was not until the Taiwan authorities announced the lifting of "martial law" in 1987 that they were able to walk out of the mountains and see the light of day again. On December 8, 1988, Xie Hanguang, holding Ye Yikui's ID card, returned to his hometown in Fengshun County, Guangdong Province, to reunite with his wife and children after being separated for more than 50 years. After two years of hard work, and after review and confirmation by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, his party membership was restored and he also enjoyed the living benefits of retired cadres. Two years later, 75-year-old Xie Hanguang died of illness.
There are only a few underground party members who are lucky enough to return to the mainland after nine deaths.
Xie Xuehong and other "old Taiwan Communists" returned to the mainland after the "228" incident and witnessed the birth and growth of New China. They are the lucky ones among Taiwan’s underground parties and progressives.
Wu Ketai was sent to Taiwan by the Shanghai underground party in mid-March 1946 to engage in underground work. In March 1949, according to a notice from the Shanghai Bureau, Taiwan's underground party Wu Ketai led the Taiwan Provincial Youth Delegation to Peking to attend the First National Youth Congress. They were originally scheduled to return to their hometown with the People's Liberation Army soon, but due to the outbreak of the Korean War , the plan to liberate Taiwan was stranded and remained on the mainland. After the founding of New China, Wu Ketai served as a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Taiwan Democratic Autonomous League.
There are also some people who neither suffered nor returned to the mainland, but have lived in seclusion in Taiwan for a long time. These people have gone through many vicissitudes of life and have not betrayed the organization or their comrades. It is not easy to survive under the white rule.
After the thaw in the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the heroes embarked on their journey home.
For a long time, the heroes who died on the hidden front in Taiwan have always been unknown heroes in the mainland. Their shocking feats during their lifetimes were unknown, and their remains were not claimed after their deaths. With the death of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, a new relationship of reconciliation and win-win developed between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, and the historical grievances between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party gradually faded away.
On December 9, 2010, the 60th anniversary of Zhu Feng’s martyrdom, the ashes were transported to Beijing from Taiwan. In 2011, a grand ashes burial ceremony was held in the Zhu Feng Memorial Garden in Zhenhai District, Ningbo.
Wu Shi's remains returned to the mainland 16 years earlier than Zhu Feng, but he was identified as a revolutionary martyr 22 years later than Zhu Feng. Unlike Zhu Feng and other martyrs who were executed by the Kuomintang at the same time, Wu Shi's status as a revolutionary martyr was not confirmed until 1973.
Wu Shi has a son and a daughter who stay in the mainland. The eldest son Wu Shaocheng graduated from the Department of Economics of Nanjing University and is a senior economist. He once served as the chief economist of the Henan Provincial Metallurgical and Building Materials Department and a representative of the Sixth and Seventh People's Congress of Henan Province. The eldest daughter Wu Lancheng graduated from Shanghai First Medical College and served as a A researcher at the Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, a member of the 6th, 7th, and 8th CPPCC Beijing Municipal Committee, and a winner of the Beijing “May 1st” Labor Medal.
They have long endured misunderstanding and even persecution from the outside world. In 1972, Wu Shaocheng wrote a letter to the central government to complain. After reading the letter, Zhou En, together with Ye Jianying, who was in charge of the Central Military Commission's direct contact with He Sui and Wu Shi, applied for Mao Zedong's approval and ratified Wu Shi as a revolutionary martyr in 1973. Wu Shaocheng and Wu Lancheng were able to get out of the predicament.
Wu Shi’s wife, Wang Bikui, was also implicated and imprisoned that year. After Wu Shi's death, Wang Bikui was released after many rescue efforts. He worked hard to raise his young son and daughter alone until he was able to immigrate to the United States in May 1980. In the winter of 1981, under the arrangement of relevant departments, Wu Shaocheng and Wu Lancheng went to the United States to visit relatives. After more than 30 years of separation, the family is finally reunited.
On December 10, 1991, Luo Qingchang, the former deputy secretary-general of the State Council in charge of national security work, said when meeting Wu Shaocheng and Wu Lancheng brother and sister: "We have always been obsessed with your father's matter, and I am one of the parties involved. In 1972, he received Premier Zhou and Ye Shuai personally reviewed your complaint report (referring to Wu Shaocheng) for being unfairly wronged during the Cultural Revolution. They sent people to Henan to handle the case specifically, and it was indeed not easy to implement the policy. When the Prime Minister was dying, he did not forget these old friends and came to me specifically to explain.Your father has made great contributions to the cause of people's liberation and the reunification of the motherland, which is conducive to accelerating the military process and avoiding heavy casualties. In the end, he gave his life, and we will never forget it. "
In February 1993, Wang Bikui died in Los Angeles. In 1994, Wu Shi's daughter Wu Xuecheng took back her father's remains from Taiwan, and Wu Shi's youngest son Wu Jiancheng took back his mother's remains from the United States. The relevant departments complied with the last wishes of the two old friends. , They were buried together in Futian Cemetery in Beijing.
On January 4, 1994, Luo Qingchang wrote an inscription on the memorial book of martyr Wu Shi: "Know that the pines will be noble until the snow melts."
Chen Baocang's ashes were the first to return to the mainland, but they have also experienced many hardships. In June 1950, when Chen Baocang was killed, his wife and daughter were in Hong Kong. Some kind-hearted people recovered their bodies based on their clothes and old injuries and cremated them. In July, when they were about to arrive in Hong Kong, a classmate of his daughter took a boat. Since she did not have a Hong Kong entry permit, she tied the urn to her body, jumped into the sea, and smuggled it ashore. When Chen Baocang's family got the urn, it was still wet. In 1952, Chen Baocang was recognized as a revolutionary martyr by the Central People's Government. The public memorial ceremony for Chen Baocang was solemnly held at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery. Li Jishen officiated and read the memorial text.
At that time, Chen Baocang's family requested simplicity and did not engrave any words on the back of the monument.
Compared with other martyrs such as Zhu Feng, Wu Shi, and Chen Baocang. It was difficult for the remains to return to the mainland.
In early 1949, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, and the Chinese Communist intelligence officers who accepted the infiltration mission began to travel across the sea. This year, Wang Yingcheng, an underground member of the Communist Party of China and a lieutenant of the Kuomintang Air Force Aircraft Repair Factory, was sent to Taiwan to engage in political affairs in a certain fleet. Ministry cadre Dai Long was sent to Taiwan.
In the early autumn of 1949, when Dai Long was sent to Taiwan, her daughter Dai Xiaoping was only 4 years old. She remembered that day, her father in a black suit held her and started to cry, and then went out for a long trip. There is only a vague impression of my father, tall and thin, with the dignity of a soldier.
Wang Yingcheng was an intelligence officer who left the mainland earlier. Before the liberation of Shanghai, he followed the Kuomintang troops and sailed south in October 1949. Wang Yingcheng rushed to Taiwan without being able to say goodbye to his brother Wang Daoyuan and Wang Daoqian. After Shanghai was liberated, the brothers and sisters rushed to Shanghai from their hometown in northern Jiangsu, only to find that their father had disappeared just six months before. Wang Daoyuan, who was working, came to Shanghai to buy medicines for the hospital in the liberated area. He met his father in a Taoist temple on the outskirts of the city and persuaded his father to return to his hometown.
Dai Long first went to Guangzhou and then to Hong Kong, and finally took measurements. He crossed the sea as a school instructor. After arriving in Taiwan, Dai Long stayed at a relative's house in Taipei and made contacts to collect information under the pretext of visiting friends. He and Wang Yingcheng, who had come to Taiwan earlier, tried to instigate a radio station personnel, but ultimately failed. In the end, they had to report the information through the registration code. After Cai Xiaoqian's rebellion, Dai Long and Wang Yingcheng were also arrested and later shot.
Throughout her childhood and adolescence, Dai Xiaoping wanted to find her father. She and her mother became family members of missing service members, a status that once left her breathless. "I don't know whether he died or rebelled. In the end, it seems to be our fault." Dai Xiaoping remembered that whenever there was a political movement at that time, people would come to the house and ask where her father had gone. Her mother hung her head and just cried. They also went to a certain fleet to ask, and the answer they received was that it was a secret and could not be told. It was not until the 1960s that the organization finally informed them that Dai Long had sacrificed his life in Taiwan as early as 1950. The situation was clear and he could be posthumously recognized as a revolutionary martyr. In 2012, Dai Long's tombstone was found in the Liuzhangli Cemetery in Taipei.
Brother and sister Wang Daoyuan also hope to know the whereabouts of their father. One summer in the early 1980s, the brother and sister went to visit Lu Zheng, the author of the novel "Fighting in the Heart of the Enemy" which reflected the underground struggle of the Chinese Communist Party. This old writer was once an underground party member in Shanghai and served as a liaison with Taiwan in Guangzhou. Lu Zheng knew Wang Yingcheng and told him about his ordeal. Later, the novel "Fighting in the Heart and Feet of the Enemy" was adapted into the movie "The Gunshots of the Secrecy Bureau". Wang Daoyuan and his sister watched it four times, and they always felt that their father was in it.
Because Zhu Zhanzhi (Zhu Feng) had rich experience in underground work and was resourceful and flexible, he was sent to work in Taiwan by the East China Bureau and the General Staff of the CPC Central Committee. The picture shows that at 16:30 on June 10, 1950, Zhu Chenzhi was executed in Machang Town, Taipei. Zhu Chenzhi was shot six times and died.
General Wu Shi's adjutant Wang Zhengjun was sentenced to death
The Secret Bureau behaved amateurishly
Some people in the underground party were too careless
Decades have passed, and the reasons for the failure of the Taiwan Working Committee are generally concentrated on two aspects. One is Cai Xiaoqian corruption and rebellion. One is the enhancement of the capabilities of the Taiwan Kuomintang after it retreated to Taiwan.
If we look closely at history, we will find that the actual reason is not this.
It is understandable that the Kuomintang's internal cohesion has increased after it retreated to Taiwan, but there are indeed many problems with its ability to solve the Taiwan Communist case, and it is not an exaggeration to describe it as stupid. No matter whether Cai Xiaoqian's identity is exposed or not, for a suspected underground party member to have the opportunity to escape twice in one day, the Secrecy Bureau cannot escape the reputation of stupidity.
The large amount of information seized from Cai Xiaoqian's home could not be processed and screened in time. If Deputy Chief Wu Shi and Wu could not be arrested in time due to identity reasons, then Zhu Zhanzhi was not arrested for more than a month, which is enough to explain. The working ability of the Security Bureau is low. If Zhu Zhanzhi hadn't delayed his return, the ending would have been completely different.
Zhu Feng 1905-1950
was born in Zhenhai, Zhejiang in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1945. Under the leadership of the party organization, he actively participated in revolutionary activities and once engaged in underground intelligence work in Hong Kong. In November 1949, Zhu Feng accepted the party organization's dispatch and went to Taiwan to perform a secret mission. He was killed at the Machang Town execution ground in Taipei on June 10, 1950. He was 45 years old.
(Zhang Zhizhong, Minister of Armed Forces and Organization Minister of the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China)
Seduced his sister-in-law
Taiwan’s underground party leaders lived a corrupt life
Cai Xiaoqian’s rebellion can be found through time. His rebellion was after Wu Shi and Zhu Zhanzhi were arrested. Although The arrests of Wu Shi and Zhu Zhanzhi were his responsibility, but they were not directly related to their rebellion.
Of course, people will also focus on Cai Xiaoqian’s corruption. This information comes from the memoirs of Gu Zhengwen, the director of the Kuomintang. After Cai Xiaoqian, Chen Zemin, Zhang Zhizhong, and Hong Youqiao were arrested, they collectively criticized Cai Xiaoqian in the cell. Zhang Zhizhong pointed at Cai Xiaoqian and cursed loudly, accusing Cai of living a corrupt life, seducing his 14-year-old sister-in-law (sister-in-law), embezzling 10,000 US dollars in work funds, and eating breakfast at Polly Lucy Restaurant (the most expensive Western restaurant in Taipei in the early years) every day . ate delicacies at Shanshuiting Restaurant at noon and evening, and went to Yongle Town to watch a theater after dinner. He looked completely bourgeois, and even dared to advertise that he was the leader of the Communist Party in Taiwan.
After entering 1949, Cai Xiaoqian actually showed off his identity to some wealthy people on the island to ask for sponsorship, and claimed that if he gave money, he would take care of him after liberation.
However, judging from the circumstances of the entire case, even if Cai Xiaoqian's above-mentioned behavior is true, it did not play any direct role in the destruction of the Taiwan Working Committee. The relationship between Cai Xiaoqian and his sister-in-law also happened after the death of Cai Xiaoqian's wife. Putting all the blame on Cai Xiaoqian, we have to say that it is directly related to him being the number one traitor.
(The picture shows the desperate senior underground party cadre Liu Yunhui in 1952, persuading his two branch secretaries Xie Yufa and Xie Qidan to come down)
The biggest mistake of the underground party was unprofessional
Recording the true contact information in words
Cai Xiaoqian’s personal responsibility , is to record the contact person’s real name and contact information in writing, which seriously violates the confidentiality principle of underground work. This was his primary mistake. While he was in the mainland, he had been engaged in propaganda work for a long time and lacked experience in secret work. But judging from his initial work after arriving in Taiwan, it is still relatively safe.
can be said to be "a murder caused by a notebook". Although the development of
is slow, it is also in line with "hidden and capable, long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for the opportunity." The turning point occurred in May 1948, after Cai Xiaoqian participated in a meeting on Taiwan work hosted by the East China Bureau and was criticized. The overall action became increasingly aggressive and was eventually carried away by success. But should Cai Xiaoqian alone bear the responsibility for this rash move?
The rapid development has caused hidden dangers
The underground party does not even have a radio station
According to some information, apart from intelligence work, other aspects of the work of the Taiwan Working Committee are not taken very seriously. The Taiwan Working Committee is not directly affected by the central government. Leader, but under the leadership of the East China Bureau, the level is relatively low.
During the entire event, there was no radio station, and the traffic officers were completely relied on to deliver information. results in intermittent contact with the East China Bureau. Many important issues that require instructions from superiors need to be decided by oneself. Due to the lack of information, it is not surprising that the People's Liberation Army made wrong judgments such as the PLA's cross-sea operation in April.
(The picture shows Zhu Chenzhi’s granddaughter Xu Yunchu holding a portrait of Zhu Chenzhi, and grandson-in-law Li Yang stepping off the plane holding the urn of Zhu Chenzhi covered with the party flag.)
Finally, it is worth mentioning that these histories In the research of characters, since the relevant information from the mainland has not yet been revealed, it is often necessary to rely on declassified information and memoirs from Taiwan.
