Nitroglycerin is extremely sensitive to vibrations, and impact and friction may cause explosions. Diatomite explosives can withstand impacts and even fires, but require extremely high detonation energy to explode, so Nobel invented a detonator made of mercury fulminate to detonat

Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it.

Nitroglycerin, discovered by Italian chemists in 1847, can not only treat heart disease, but is also an extremely dangerous explosive.

Nitroglycerin is extremely sensitive to vibration, and impact and friction may cause an explosion. One of the most important inventions of Nobel's life was the use of diatomite to absorb nitroglycerin to create safer diatomite explosives.

Diatomite explosives can withstand impacts and even fires, but require extremely high detonation energy to explode, so Nobel invented a detonator made of mercury fulminate (Hg(ONC)2) to detonate explosives.

In the American TV series Breaking Bad S1E6, Lao Bai dropped a finger-sized piece of mercury fulminate on the ground, causing a big explosion

The appearance of modern bombs has since been established. Except for the different explosives, the structures of various bombs are basically similar. It is inseparable from the four parts of explosives, protective layer, detonator and fuze.

The invention of explosives made it easier to open mountains and build roads and other projects, which greatly promoted the global industrialization process. However, it also brought the pain of war to future generations and left many hidden dangers.

In many areas where social conflicts are intensified, even if resources are scarce, terrorists can produce a variety of highly lethal modified mines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), etc. Explosive terrorist activities are easy to carry out, difficult to prevent and have serious consequences, and have become the main form of terrorist activities. A 2004 survey stated that explosive terrorist attacks accounted for more than 70% of the total number of terrorist attacks.

A Stryker armored vehicle destroyed by a homemade bomb in Iraq in 2007

In order to detonate bombs at a more precise time and cause greater damage, terrorists also invented telephone bombs. Connect the circuit from the vibration motor in your phone to a detonator, and the bomb will be detonated when a call comes in.

In this era when the elderly are learning to use smartphones, Nokia probably never imagined that terrorists would be its big customers. A report by the British Arms Monitoring Organization (CAR) shows that ISIS terrorists unanimously choose to use Nokia feature phones as remote-controlled detonation devices.

The reason is also very simple: Nokia's price is low ($30), has a long standby time (35 days), and is of good quality (maybe it can be recycled). It is said that terrorists have used Nokia to realize the assembly line operation of remote-controlled bombs...

Even with the blessing of Nokia, the phone bomb has its Achilles heel. On New Year's Eve in 2011, when a Russian "Black Widow" carrying a phone bomb planned to attack a square in central Moscow, a text message sent by operator wishing her a happy New Year immediately detonated the bomb on her body. "The widow" died on the spot. The plan failed, the two accomplices escaped, and there were no other casualties.

spam SMS meritorious service, unprecedented.

Through the arrangement and combination of explosives, shells, and detonation methods, the composition of homemade bombs has unlimited possibilities. Seemingly ordinary cars and packages may be turned into homemade bombs by terrorists.

However, the devil is one foot high and the road is one and a half feet high. Modern explosives detection technology can make these homemade bombs nowhere to hide.

Public areas such as subways are often equipped with electromagnetic induction equipment and X-ray imaging equipment, which can detect metal and electronic components in explosive detonation components. When entering the airport, the security personnel will use a small test paper to wipe the passengers' clothes and luggage, and then put the test paper into the instrument for comparison with the database. Explosion detection instruments often use ion mobility spectrometry technology, which can detect trace amounts of explosive molecules in the air with an accuracy of up to picogram level (10-12g).

So homemade bombs can often only find their final destination in film and television works, but they often have no chance to show their faces, leaving us only a beautiful mushroom cloud. is the only time bomb that can always protect itself in the movie, and becomes the climax of the plot together with the male protagonist who defuses the bomb.

People always have a stereotype about the appearance of time bombs: randomly exposed wires, thick explosive tubes and a flashing LCD screen with a countdown...

Movie: The Great and Powerful

The formation of this stereotype is largely due to Due to the popularity of the "double-line dilemma" section, we often see the "red line or blue line choice". In the 1970s, this plot had appeared in many Hollywood blockbusters. Red and blue were originally the colors of the live and neutral lines, but in the movie they became the symbol of life and death. In the tense atmosphere of the countdown, the bomb-disposer needs to use limited information to complete the psychological game with the bomb-maker and make the right choice.

The "Double Line Dilemma" section not only clearly shows the inner struggle faced by the bomb disposal, but also well releases the audience's adrenaline. This is perhaps the biggest reason for its popularity.

In fact, there are many bugs in this section. For example, the manufacturer can use a circuit break trigger circuit, so that if any wire is cut, it will trigger an explosion; another example is that the red and blue wires are just decorations, and they are circuits that have nothing to do with the fuze. It doesn't matter which one you cut...

So the design of the bomb all depends on how big the brains of the gangster are. In 1980, a "perfect bomb" with eight fuses and 28 switches appeared in a casino in Nevada, USA: destroying the shell, removing screws, tilting, filling with water or foam, etc. will detonate the bomb.

The FBI ultimately failed to fix it, and when the 1,000-pound bomb exploded, the casino was blasted through several floors.

If you want to personally defuse bombs and save the world in a short time like the protagonist in the movie, in fact, the most important thing to do is not to think about which wire to cut, but to find the detonator and separate it from the explosive, or use ultra-high temperature flame burst/liquid nitrogen Cryogenic treatment renders electronic fuzes ineffective. Like early diatomaceous earth explosives, most explosives are very stable without a detonator or fuse. TNT is not easy to explode even if it is shot, while C-4 will only burn slowly in an open flame and has even been used on the battlefield. Heat the can.

Movies are movies. Real-life EOD work does not praise individual heroism and let one person carry everything. The explosive disposal process of our country's special police often follows the following four steps: 1. Determine the environment around the explosive; 2. Evacuate the crowd and establish a warning area; 3. Determine the type of explosive and estimate its power; 4. Decide on the handling method.

In the second step, EOD teams often need to set up signal shielding devices to prevent bombs from being detonated remotely. There are three main methods of final disposal: transfer, on-site destruction and on-site dismantling. The

robot plays an indelible role in EOD work. As early as 1972, the British Army had already made an attempt to use electric vehicles to transfer explosives to the scene; when it was determined that the crowd had evacuated and the power of the explosives would not damage nearby buildings, the robot could also shoot the explosives or Methods to detonate other explosives near them to render them ineffective or detonate on the spot; robots equipped with lasers or high-pressure water cannons can destroy the circuits of detonating components; bomb disposal robots equipped with mechanical arms and cameras can perform modifications under remote control Complex and precise bomb disposal operations.

Only when absolutely necessary will EOD personnel go into battle personally.

But they all know in their hearts that if they are facing high explosives weighing more than one kilogram, it will make no difference whether they wear explosion-proof clothing weighing 40 kilograms or not. Many bombs deliberately use multiple trigger devices and set secondary explosion bombs, which greatly threatens the lives of bomb disposal personnel.

In Iraq and Afghanistan, militants regard bomb disposal experts as a thorn in their side. Many bomb disposal experts did not die because of bomb disposal failures, but were killed by roadside bombs during the escort.

When everyone is running away from danger in panic, they are the only ones who go against the grain.

I wish bombs would only appear in movies and never give them the chance to be martyrs.

Direction, Gao Zhenru, Zhou Shouqiang, Guo Tao. A review of anti-explosion and terrorist attack prevention and explosive disposal technologies

http://www.81.cn/jmtt/2014-11/27/content_6245507_4.htm

https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/VideoExamples/WireDilemma

https://breakingbad.fandom.com/wiki/Fulminated_mercury