Source: People's Daily
Drawing: Zhang Fanlei
The drainage and waterlogging prevention engineering system is like the "blood vessel" of the city. A smooth drainage channel network can naturally reduce the risk of urban waterlogging. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to "carry out infrastructure investment appropriately in advance" and clearly pointed out this task list: "Including accelerating the renewal and renovation of aging urban pipelines."
Reader Letters Edition has received many letters from readers. Personal experience of urban waterlogging calls for multiple measures to be taken to improve the overall level of urban waterlogging management.
In this regard, the reporter interviewed a number of relevant department heads, experts and scholars, and grassroots staff. The interviewees believed that urban waterlogging management is a systematic work, and policies should be implemented according to local conditions and cities to improve urban flood prevention and drainage capabilities, and solve urban waterlogging problems in a coordinated and systematic manner.
Build a continuous and complete ecological infrastructure system to make the city like a "sponge"
Urban drainage safety is closely related to the flood conduction, flood discharge and regional flood detention capacity of the city and surrounding rivers and regional river systems. Therefore, protecting and restoring rivers, lakes, and wetlands, retaining natural rainwater channels, flood storage and detention spaces, and building a continuous and complete ecological infrastructure system are crucial to preventing urban flooding.
Dongying City, Shandong Province is located at the mouth of the Yellow River . The terrain is gentle, the slope ratio is small, and the water mobility is poor. Whenever a typhoon passes through, it will cause serious waterlogging. "We regard the city as an organic living body, and pay more attention to the flood dredging function of rivers, open up the 'Douantou Bang', restore the filled rivers, and enhance the natural connectivity and mobility of the city and surrounding rivers and lakes." According to the Secretary of the Dongying Municipal Committee of Shandong Province Li Kuanduan introduced that the local area has also built a Swan Lake flood storage and detention project. There are multiple wetland ecological zones distributed on the 32 square kilometers of wetland. "It can not only effectively collect waterlogging in the central city, but also realize the utilization of rainwater and flood resources to ensure the city Ecological water demand has also been improved, and the water quality of rivers entering the sea in the central urban area has been improved, achieving flood control benefits, resource benefits, and ecological benefits at one go."
Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province is located in a subtropical marine monsoon climate zone, with heavy rainfall, concentrated time and high frequency. Coupled with urban hydrological effects and insufficient river drainage functions, local waterlogging occurs from time to time. "The storage capacity of artificial lakes such as Dongshan Lake and Liuhua Lake located in the old city has not been fully utilized. We will build rainwater regulation and storage facilities based on local conditions and combine collection and distribution." said the person in charge of the Guangzhou Water Affairs Bureau.
"Some cities clearly have lakes in the urban areas, but they are not allowed to receive heavy rain runoff. The reason is that the rainwater is dirty and will pollute the lake water quality and affect the park landscape." Xiao Tao, a professor at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, senior engineer, said, To control urban waterlogging, we must take the road of comprehensive water control, consider water quantity and water quality at the basin level, and form an overall flood management system. "We must give full play to the natural accumulation, penetration, purification and slow release of rainwater runoff by green spaces, soil, rivers and lakes, etc." It can achieve urban rainwater runoff source reduction, dispersed storage and orderly storage and discharge, making the city like a 'sponge' that can slow down and reduce the impact of natural disasters and environmental changes."
Implement the renovation and upgrade of the drainage engineering system to unblock the city's "blood vessels"
Every autumn and winter is the "dry season" in Changsha City, Hunan Province, but for the urban drainage affairs center, it is the peak work season, and it is necessary to seize this time to conduct all drainage work in the city Pipe networks, pump stations, discharge outlets, etc. are inspected and repaired. The Zhaozhou Port Drainage Pumping Station in Yuelu District is responsible for transporting water from a rainwater pipe network covering an area of nearly 14 square kilometers. This summer, the pumping station once encountered a "dangerous situation": the dual-power system that powers the high-power drainage pumps lost power at the same time, and the raging floods almost caused damage to the pumping station's power supply system. “Later, we modified the power supply systems of all pump stations in the city and rearranged the erection height to ensure that the pump stations were not affected."Changsha Urban Drainage Affairs Center Hexi Area Director Shen Haihua said that Changsha City invested approximately 150 million yuan to complete urban pipe network inspections, data collection, database construction and other information construction, focusing on improving the scientific and refined dynamics of flood control facility dispatching. Management level.
reporters found during the investigation that there are still certain shortcomings in the prevention of waterlogging in some cities. For example, the construction of underground drainage pipe networks in old urban areas is relatively backward. Multiple parties are involved in the construction and management of the city's drainage pipe network, making it difficult to achieve "one network for the whole network." Picture" etc.
Summer rainfall is concentrated in Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. In addition, there is a lack of overall planning in the early stages of construction of the old city and the aging of drainage pump stations. Rainwater often cannot be drained out, leading to waterlogging. In recent years, the local area has accelerated the pace of pipe network renovation and implemented rainwater and sewage treatment. In the diversion project, six drainage pumping stations were newly built and renovated to realize automatic drainage. “For Xuancheng’s flooding prevention and control, the current problems are mainly that the drainage system is not perfect, the flooding prevention and control agency has few full-time personnel, and emergency drainage equipment and other material reserves are available. less. "Jiao Fengnian, director of the Urban Drainage Office of the Municipal Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau, said that Xuancheng plans to install sensors and detection equipment in pipe networks and pumping stations to achieve real-time online detection of the operating conditions of rainwater pipe networks and pumping stations, and comprehensively analyze urban drainage. The system’s safe operation status provides timely warning of urban flooding risks.
“Urban flooding prevention and control still has problems such as low standards for drainage facilities at the junction of urban and rural areas and inconsistent regional fortification standards. According to Zhao Deping, deputy director of the Drainage Management Office of the Urban and Rural Development Bureau of Hefei City, Anhui Province, with the acceleration of urbanization, some villages and towns surrounding urban areas have been merged into urban management. However, the construction standards of drainage facilities in these places are low, and some drainage pipes, canals and drainage pumps The station cannot meet the existing standards, and large-scale development in the surrounding area has changed the natural drainage system, resulting in insufficient drainage capacity.
Professor Huang Guoru of the School of Civil Engineering and Transportation of South China University of Technology said that the drainage and flood prevention engineering system includes hardware modification and There are two major categories of software upgrades. Hardware modifications mainly include river regulation, underground pipe network renovation, and the promotion of sponge city development and construction. Software upgrades include building a drainage system information management and control platform, developing urban heavy rain and waterlogging monitoring and early warning systems, and vigorously strengthening urban drainage. Facilities management, etc. “At present, the construction in these two aspects is not perfect, there are many debts, and it will take a long time to complete the work. "Huang Guoru said.
Strengthen monitoring, early warning and early warning response, build an urban waterlogging emergency management system
Taking out his mobile phone, Zhang Yunqing, deputy director of the Sponge Facilities Management Office of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, frequently issued instructions in the dispatch WeChat group. "On the mobile phone, not only can you control the situation at any time, Instructions are issued online, and any problems found by the inspectors can be reported at any time through the Sponge City Scheduling APP, including location, facilities, inspectors, problem types, recipients, etc. "Zhang Yunqing said that through information technology and automatic control measures, joint dispatching of various sponge facilities has been achieved, giving full play to the overall effectiveness of the sponge city's large drainage system, while also greatly improving the efficiency of urban waterlogging emergency management.
"Every rainy season We have 18 engineering trucks and more than 400 people distributed at various points in the city. Once the urban drainage affairs center issues an order, even the farthest waterlogging point only takes 20 minutes for the drainage team to arrive at the scene. "Cheng Jixue, deputy director of the Urban Drainage Affairs Center of Changsha City, Hunan Province, said, "In some waterlogging points that are difficult to rectify in a short period of time, we are also equipped with the video surveillance system to monitor the water accumulation in real time and connect with the jurisdiction as soon as possible. City staff will handle it. "
To control urban waterlogging, building an emergency management system is an indispensable part. "Whether early warnings are monitored in a timely manner and accurate early warning responses are made is an important criterion for judging whether the emergency management system is scientific and perfect. An information sharing mechanism should be established between relevant flood control departments to exchange information. Xu Zewei, a member of the National Committee of the China Association for Science and Technology, said that after the rainstorm warning is issued, professional rescue teams should be on standby in shopping malls, rail transit, schools, hospitals and other places. Once extreme situations occur, emergency procedures should be initiated immediately.
This summer, typhoons When "fireworks" hit, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province focused on investigating various emergency response tasks and established a responsibility list for hidden dangers and risks.In view of the low-lying water accumulation points and waterlogging-prone areas in the city, Jiaxing City carried out a network-style investigation of the urban waterlogging-prone points to promptly control hidden dangers and risk points.
"Emergency management is not a temporary move when extreme weather comes, it needs to be implemented in daily management." Xu Zewei suggested that on the one hand, the protection of key facilities and key points involved in waterlogging should be strengthened; on the other hand, places with densely populated areas should Evacuation drills should be carried out in a timely manner, especially under rainfall conditions that exceed urban waterlogging prevention and control standards, to ensure that the functions of important facilities such as subways and buses are not lost.
Improve public awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities, and minimize disaster losses.
There is a long way to go to control urban waterlogging. When encountering extreme weather, how should people protect themselves? Many readers said that publicity and education on urban flood prevention and drainage knowledge should be intensified, and the public's awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities should be improved.
Feng Caiqin, a reader from Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, said that paying attention to early warnings and early protection are the most effective measures. "Pay attention to the early warning information of heavy rain and water accumulation, especially in low-lying communities, shopping malls, garages, etc., and take protective measures in advance. You must also choose in advance A good place to take refuge is to choose a place with higher terrain and convenient transportation, such as the flat roof of a high-rise building, schools, hospitals, etc. with higher terrain or solid buildings. "
" During heavy rains, you should try to stay away from electrical facilities to avoid electrical leakage. Dangerous. Pay special attention to high-voltage power towers, telephone poles, street lights, etc., and stay away quickly if there is any abnormality." Wang Ping, a reader in Shaoyang County, Hunan Province, suggested that you should pay attention to the flood prevention safety warning signs when there is waterlogging, and do not go near places with vortices to prevent falls. Enter dangerous areas such as deep wells and pits without manhole covers.
"Don't take the risk of driving into a place with standing water, and don't choose a low-lying area when parking, to prevent water from entering the vehicle." Cao Ming, a reader in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, said, "If the vehicle accidentally enters water and stalls, do not restart the engine. In this case, If you are in danger, don’t miss your belongings and abandon the car decisively. If you are trapped in the car, use tools to break the window and escape.”
"You cannot take it lightly after waterlogging, and you must also pay attention to preventing and treating infectious diseases." Guo Yuan, a reader in Jing'an District, Shanghai, said, avoid drinking unboiled water, separate raw and cooked food, heat it before eating, and do not eat rotten food.
The "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Urban Waterlogging Control" issued by the State Council clearly states that by 2025, each city will basically form an urban drainage and flood prevention engineering system of "source emission reduction, pipe network discharge, simultaneous development of storage and discharge, and emergency response to excessive standards" according to local conditions. , drainage and flood prevention capabilities have been significantly improved, and waterlogging control work has achieved significant results. At present, many places are taking into account the actual situation and adopting the flexible utilization method of urban public space of "graded fortification, suitable for both rain and drought, and harmonious human and water" to coordinate the promotion of urban waterlogging control. I believe that as the drainage and flood prevention engineering systems of various cities further develop Improved, urban flooding under standard rainfall conditions is expected to be alleviated.
