Ovarian teratoma is a common ovarian germ cell tumor, which mainly presents as a pelvic mass. Some patients may experience abdominal pain and other related symptoms due to tumor rupture, torsion or bleeding. Ovarian teratomas are mostly benign teratomas , and only a few are malignant teratomas . Ovarian teratomas are usually composed of 2-3 germ layers and can be divided into mature teratomas, immature teratomas and ovarian goiters according to histopathological types.
1. Symptoms of ovarian teratoma
1. Cyst torsion
Patients with ovarian teratoma may feel abdominal distension, constipation, frequent urination, and conscious abdominal mass . Some tumors can cause precocious puberty, postmenopausal bleeding, and excessive secretion of the androgens and . Ovarian teratoma may be related to cyst torsion, rupture and infection. Cyst torsion can cause necrosis, perforation and intra-abdominal bleeding, and cyst rupture can cause peritonitis . At this time, the sebum overflows into the abdominal cavity and forms peritoneal lipogranuloma.
2, cyst rupture
A mature teratoma, the colloid component can be implanted in the retroperitoneum and rupture, which is called peritoneal pseudo glioma . Immature teratomas grow rapidly and can penetrate the capsule and spread directly to the pelvis in the early stage. lymph node metastasis and extraperitoneal metastasis can metastasize to the lungs, liver and other organs.
2. Diagnosis of ovarian teratoma
1, Ultrasound examination . The diagnostic rate of ultrasonography is very guaranteed. Unilateral ovarian cystic masses can be seen during examination, with typical manifestations of dough sign, vertical nodule sign, disordered structure, lipid stratification syndrome or waterfall sign.
2, serum check. The serum of patients with teratoma shows signs of mild elevation of CA199 and AFP.
3, cytological diagnosis. Cytological diagnosis generally uses ascites puncture to extract relevant samples for testing to detect cancer cells. In some ovarian tumors , estrogen secretion, especially in postmenopausal smears, is greatly affected by estrogen, which helps improve diagnostic accuracy.
4, X-ray examination. Teeth, bones, and transparent shadows can be seen on the abdominal plain film of mature teratoma, and calcification can be seen on the X-ray of papillary cystadenoma. Enterography can exclude intestinal tumors and help understand the location of the mass, while hysterosalpingography can help identify the source of pelvic masses.
5, Laparoscopy. Under endoscopy, early diagnosis and biopsy can be directly performed to determine the nature and extent of the tumor and observe the effect of chemotherapy.
In summary, patients with ovarian teratoma should undergo prompt surgical treatment. Surgery can be performed from the affected side with teratoma resection, or biopsy of the contralateral ovary, either using laparoscopy or laparotomy. The diagnosis and treatment of teratoma are extremely professional. If a woman starts to have related symptoms, she must go to the hospital and receive targeted treatment under the guidance of a doctor.
finds this article useful, please like it or recommend to your friends, and follow [ Medical Association Media ].
