Text | Editor-in-Chief of Yichi Calligraphy Network: "Forefathers can become famous all over the world if they get a few lines of ancient inscriptions and study them with concentration." This is what Zhao Mengfu, a master of calligraphy and painting in the Yuan Dynasty, said. I s

Text | Editor-in-Chief of Yichi Calligraphy Network

"The ancients got a few lines from ancient inscriptions and studied them with concentration, and then they could be famous in the world."

This is what Zhao Mengfu, a master of calligraphy and painting in the Yuan Dynasty said, and I secretly thought that Zhao Mengfu was asking for this. I learned what my predecessors told me. Zhao Zhi obtained several lines of ancient inscriptions, studied them with concentration, and became famous for them, which was later collected by Emperor Qianlong in his "Sanxi Hall" of less than nine square meters. Wang Xizhi's "Kuai" "When it snows and it's sunny".

"Quick Snow and Clear Tie" on paper, 23 cm in length and 14.8 cm in width. There are four lines, and the whole book has twenty-eight characters, each of which is a pearl. It is known as the "Twenty-eight Li Pearls". Now hidden in Taipei National Palace Museum . Let me tell you that this 28-word letter from Wang Xizhi has benefited Zhao Mengfu throughout his life, and it is not a fabrication:

In the fifth year of Yanyou (1318), Zhao Mengfu saw the "Quick Snow Shiqing Post" for the first time and was ordered to write a postscript: It has been nearly a thousand years since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the writings that have been handed down to this day are absolutely unavailable. "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" written by King Xizhi of Jin Dynasty is one of the treasures of all dynasties. It is found in the engraving, and now I can see the original work. I am very happy to see it.

Some people in later generations criticized Zhao Mengfu for being hypocritical and cunning based on this passage, and began with the postscript: "Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty for nearly a thousand years, it is impossible to obtain the handwriting that has been handed down to this day." If this is the case, how can we "see the authentic work"? And "I'm extremely happy" and so on. In fact, using such speculation to disparage Zhao Mengfu is really like "If you want to incriminate him, why bother?!"

Zhao Mengfu's postscript records his surprise when he first saw "Quick Snow Shiqing Post". I thought this It is completely understandable that the surprise leads to some incoherence and grammatical imprecision! You can imagine Zhao Mengfu's surprise when a letter collected in the palace that everyone unanimously believed to be the authentic work of the calligrapher Wang Xizhi was placed in front of Zhao Mengfu. I also firmly believe that after this amazing first encounter, "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" will have an unforgettable impact on Zhao Mengfu's future calligraphy creations! Zhan Jingfeng, a connoisseur of the Ming Dynasty, believed that Zhao Mengfu's later calligraphy style was deeply influenced by this calligraphy. How and where he said his original words, I have not found the most original text so far. , but judging from Zhao Mengfu's running script style, especially the mature running script style in his later years, it is obvious that he was influenced by "Quick Snow and Clear Time"!

Are there two different versions of sentence segmentation and interpretation?

Although "Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" is short of 28 words, its segmentation and interpretation have not been conclusive in the past dynasties. The main reason for this is that there is a big difference between Jin people's letters, calligraphy language and formal prose. The difference is often more obscure and difficult to understand. Even the erudite Mr. Qian Zhongshu said when he reviewed Wang Xizhi's "Miscellaneous Tie": "According to the Six Dynasties' method of writing, there are some puzzling points. Most of these are what are called 'notes' and 'notes' today, which were accepted by the It will be clear to the eyes, but when future generations read it, they will often think hard and not yet understand it." (Qian Zhongshu: "Guan Zui Bian").

There are roughly two versions of the sentence fragments of "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" as follows:

One: "Xizhi paused: "Quick snow comes and clears, good wishes for peace and good. No results are achieved. Wang Xizhi paused. Shanyin Zhanghou" ."

The second one: "It's better to be clear when it snows." No matter how different the text is, the difference actually lies in the interpretation of "force" in the sentence "force is not inferior". The common interpretation of this "force" is energy and strength. Generally refers to the state of the body. Such sentences and semantics often appear in Wang Xizhi's other Dharma posts.Mr. Qi Gong has a different view on this. He said in "Quotes in the Letters of People of the Jin Dynasty": "Recalling that when I was young, there were weddings and funerals at home, and gifts were sent by relatives and friends, such as the accountant. People fill in a "thank you note", the format is to print the word "Receive" on the right side (if it is a gift that cannot be accepted, change it to "Receive" and write the word "Bi" to indicate the return of the Bi), and print the word "Thank you" at the top of the middle The name of the owner of the recipient's family is printed on the lower half, and in the left space, the accountant temporarily writes "Li Shi (the amount of compensation paid to Li)". This "Li" refers to the person who gave the gift in common people. It is called "coolie", and the word "force" is written on the document. Thinking of the word "force" in the post, it should refer to the person who sent the message. According to ancient times, when traveling, stopping somewhere is called "time". A paragraph indicating a journey. Du Fu's poem "Xing Ci Zhaoling " means "traveling to Zhaoling", so "Bu Ci" means that he cannot stop and needs to go back quickly, so Wang Xizhi wrote this short letter as a reply. "

In this way, there are two versions of the interpretation of "Quick Snow and Clear Time":

One: Wang Xizhi paused, it snowed for a while, and it cleared up soon. I hope everything is fine with you! That matter has not yet come to an end, and I feel very depressed. My energy was running low. Wang Xizhi paused, and Shanyin Zhanghou.

No. 2: Wang Xizhi paused, it will be sunny again soon, I hope everything is fine with you! That matter has not yet come to an end, and I feel very depressed. The messenger cannot stay here longer and must return quickly. Wang Xizhi paused, and Shanyin Zhanghou.

"Shanyin Zhanghou" is on a separate line, located at the lower left side. It is generally believed that these four characters are not the content of the text, but the name of the recipient. It is a duplication system and is equivalent to the cover of the current book envelope; that is, when the ancients sent a letter, they would The letter is rolled up and placed in the tube. After the letter is rolled up, these four characters are just on the outside and can be seen after taking out the roll. Some people also think that the beginning and end of this letter are in Wang Xizhi's "pause" format, and it was common at the time to write the other party's title at the end. The "Baijiu Post" in " Long Live Tongtian Post " has the same situation.

Emperor Qianlong’s true love was finally determined to be not authentic!

Emperor Qianlong absolutely loved "Quick Snow and Shiqing"! Just by looking at these few comments and praises written by the emperor, we can see: "Unparalleled in the world, unique in ancient and modern times"; "Incredible skills"; "Dragon leaps over the Tianmen, tiger crouches in the Phoenix Pavilion"... In more than 50 years, Emperor Qianlong There are more than 70 inscriptions and postscripts on this post. It is said that at the end of the year, when the weather is cold and the snow is falling, Qianlong would unroll the scroll to appreciate it, and he was "proud to write in any order," and he wrote the inscription six times in one year at most. . In his later years, Qianlong's eyesight was no longer good, so he ordered Dong Gao to write poems in his dynasties and specially explained: "I don't need glasses three times out of eighty. It is difficult to write poems at this age so I ordered Dong Gao to write them for me." A good story." Until he became the Supreme Emperor, he still wrote on the post "In the future, I will no longer know the inscription when I am playing." Emperor Qianlong 's "Quick Snow and Clear Tie", it can be said that they grew old together and were in love for life!

This post was first seen in the "Bibliography of Youjun". Mi Fu "Baozhang Waiting for Visits" also says: "Xue Qingtie" by Wang Xizhi of Youjun of Jin Dynasty. The original work is in Su Ji, Langwu County, Jixian School Manager. Shun Qinzi. At the end of the post, there are the two characters "Jun Qian" and the seal "Chu Shi"." Zhou Mi of the Southern Song Dynasty affirmed in "Yunyan Guoyan Lu" that "the Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" is authentic. King Ming Deng also believed that it was "hand ink" and "confirmed without a doubt". Zhan Jingfeng's "Xuan Lan Bian": "It is an authentic work, with fine paper and bamboo, and the fiber of the calligraphy and ink is not damaged. It is a foreign object that has been around for more than a thousand years." Zhang Chou "Qinghe Painting and Calligraphy Boat" is also definitely authentic. The Qing people were even more convinced of this.

However, after the Republic of China, "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" was collected by the Palace Museum, and the world finally had the opportunity to see this famous Dharma calligraphy up close. Several modern scholars have raised doubts after careful examination of the original calligraphy, and finally concluded that it should be a copy of the double-hook outline and not an authentic work by the calligrapher.Among them, the representative expert opinions are briefly summarized as follows:

Zhang Zongxiang's "On Shu Quatrains" says: "Kuaixue" and "Sanxi" are the champions, and the original works of Kuaiji are even less popular. I think the ink is heavy and the spirit is sluggish, maybe it is Tang Xian's extended writing. He also added a self-note: "Quick Snow and Clear Scenes" was copied into "Sanxitang Tie". The ink marks were read twice. The color of the paper is dull, the ink is thick and less brilliant, which is similar to the original copy by the Tang Dynasty.

Mr. Zhu Jia said in "Talking about Running Script": (Wang) Xizhi's running script and ink writing are all copied by people after the Tang Dynasty. The post "Quick Snow and Shiqing" has always been considered to be authentic. However, the painting style is thick and the spirit is poor. Before the Anti-Japanese War, I had to view the cultural relics from the Forbidden City when they were transported to Nanjing for exhibition. The paper was so thick that if the writing was on the board, I would have thought it was a copy.

Xu Bangda analyzed in "Wang Xizhi Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie Volume": I have read this book two or three times, and I feel that the paper and ink are dim, the brushwork is sluggish and not vivid, and the place where the ribbon is drawn is extremely unnatural, such as "pausing one's head" and " Words such as "fruit" and "wei" are more obvious. They must be filled in by future generations and are not rare books.

Three lives and three lives in "Quick Snow Shiqing Post".

"Quick Snow Shiqing Tie" was an official version of the secret government in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has been recorded in all dynasties. Chu Suiliang's "Bibliography of Wang Xizhi of Jin Youjun" contains the item "Xizhi paused, it snowed quickly and the weather cleared", which is also recorded in "Xuanhe Shupu" of the Northern Song Dynasty. Mi Fu's "Book History": "Zijing's "December Tie" is connected with "Kuaixue Tie"." During the Southern Song Dynasty, it was hidden in the inner palace of Emperor Gaozong, with a joint seal of "Shaoxing". After entering the inner palace of Jin Zhangzong, there was a seal of "Mingchang Yulan". It was again acquired by Jia Sidao. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was first owned by the Zhang family of Beiyan, and then entered the inner palace. In the fifth year of Yanyou (1318), Zhao Mengfu and others were issued imperial edicts. In the Ming Dynasty, it was collected by Zhu Xixiao, Wang Mingdeng, Wu Ting, Liu Chengxi, and all had inscriptions and seals. Feng Quan returned to the Qing Dynasty. It is said that his last words were expressed in the sign language of his son: "Keeping this is like running a country!" His son read the post for several days, savoring his father's final words, and suddenly realized the true meaning of his last words. The next day, he went to court and presented the "Quick Snow Shi Jing Tie" to Emperor Kangxi. This year is 1679 AD, which is the 18th year of Kangxi. That year, Kangxi was 25 years old. This post entered the palace of the Qing Dynasty from then on.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Xuantong abdicated and secretly sold the national treasures in the palace. Puyi In 1924, he planned to mortgage this post with a price of 400,000 yuan to Citibank, but failed. Later, Puyi moved out of the Forbidden City, and this post belonged to the Palace Museum. In 1933, it was moved to Shanghai along with other antiquities, and then to western Sichuan. After the Anti-Japanese War, it was transported back to Nanjing and shipped to Taiwan. It is now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

During this period, "Quick Snow Shiqing Post" almost followed someone and disappeared into ashes! The story goes like this: In the early morning of June 4, 1928, the special train of the warlord Zhang Zuolin was heading from Peiping to Shenyang. When it arrived at a small station called Huanggutun in the western suburbs of Shenyang, there was a loud noise, Japanese agents detonated a pre-planted bomb and Zhang Zuolin was killed on the spot. After hearing the news, Yi Peiji, the first director of the Palace Museum at the time, stood up from the chair where he was sitting. He kept wiping the cold sweat from his forehead and murmured: God's will! God willing! It turned out that just the night before, before Zhang Zuolin left Peiping, he had sent someone to ask for a copy of "Kuaixueshiqingtie" written by Xifa, the leader of Sanxi Hall. This big boss wanted to read the Dharma post, and he obviously wanted to keep it for himself. However, facing this Northeastern king with a heavy army, Yi Peiji could not refuse clearly, so he thought of a plan and replied to the visitor: "Quick Snow and Clear Post" He was locked in a safe, and the three keys to the safe were held by Feng Yuxiang and himself, respectively, and could not be opened by him alone. "Zhang Zuolin was eager to leave Beijing at that time, so he had to give up. However, he did not expect that Zhang Zuolin would be separated from heaven and earth more than ten hours later, and "Quick Snow Shiqing Tie" also escaped!

Postscript.

Emperor Qianlong's " "Sanxitang Ji" Changyun: Wang Xizhi's "Quick Snow Shiqing Tie", Wang Xian's "Mid-Autumn Tie", and Wang Xun's "Bo Yuan Tie" are both rare treasures. The greenhouse in the heart hall was renamed "Sanxi Hall" to hide it.

Nowadays, "Mid-Autumn Festival" and "Bo Yuan" are in the National Palace Museum in Beijing, while "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" is in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Three Greeks separate the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and they are wishful thinking. When will the Three Greeks be able to cross the Taiwan Strait and reunite again like the "Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains"? !

failed!

knot in my heart!