Zhang Qian Tong Western Regions
Foreword: The Han Dynasty adopted the strategy of rest and recuperation from its establishment, and then went through the " Wenjing Zhizhi", to Han Wudi , the emperor of the Han Dynasty was already . There are considerable reserves, and the Han Dynasty has been relying on the peace policy to achieve peaceful coexistence with Xiongnu, but the Xiongnu never stopped harassing the border. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned from the Huns who had surrendered that the Yue Kingdom was defeated by the Huns and moved west to the Western Regions. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had long wanted to go to war with the Xiongnu, so he decided to solicit a contact person who could go to the Moon Kingdom. After a letter, people with lofty ideals enthusiastically signed up. After rounds of selection, finally Zhang Qian came to the fore. From then on Zhang Qian entered the stage of history and opened the Silk Road.
Zhang Qian's envoy
Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions
In 138 BC, Zhang Qian set off with more than 100 people who applied for the job, including a Huns named Tangyifu who also followed Zhang Qian Let's start together. But to reach Yueshi , it will pass through the borders occupied by the Huns. Zhang Qian and the others walked cautiously for a few days, but they were still discovered by the Huns, and they all became prisoners. At that time, the Huns were Shan Yu , the military minister Shan Yu. When I heard you, the Han Dynasty wanted to go to the Yueshi through me. I want to be beautiful. I want to go to and Yueguo through the land of the Han. Would you lend me the way? ?
Route map of Zhang Qian’s envoy to the Western Regions
In order to soften and win over Zhang Qian, the Xiongnu Shanyu used all kinds of coercion and temptation, Zhang Qian was not moved, and finally The Huns resorted to beauty tricks,Zhang Qian, a young man in his twenties who was not married in the Han Dynasty, agreed. He became a family in the Huns and had children. He stayed in this way for more than ten years. He learned the language of the Huns and the local terrain. After finally waiting for the Xiongnu to relax their vigilance, Zhang Qian and Tang Yi's father discussed it and rode on two fast horses to escape from the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian’s envoy
They have been running west for dozens of days, and on the way they learned that the situation in the Western Regions has changed a lot in the past few years. Site. And Wusun, the enemy of the Yue clan, with the support and instigation of the Huns, had already attacked the Yue clan to the west. The Yue clan were forced to move westward from the Ili River basin to Daxia, where they built a new home, Zhang Qian learned After this situation, go southwest through the trainer, enter Yanqi, then go west, pass Kuqa, Shule and other places, cross Congling, and then arrive at Dawan. Under the complicated geography and harsh weather conditions at the time, Zhang Qian's trip could be said to be nine deaths and a life of hardship. They received warm hospitality in Dawan. Dawan also spoke in the Hun language of . At that time, the Han Dynasty was famous and famous, and the King of Dawan naturally knew that, so he sent someone to escort Zhang Qian to Yueshi via Kangju .
Western Region Reception
Dayueshi After hearing about Zhang Qian’s arrival, the king welcomed them very kindly, but he just settled down and said he was reluctant to fight with the Huns. Zhang Qian The father of Yi stayed in Yueshi for more than a year, and failed to make King Yue change his mind to deal with the Xiongnu together with the Han. In the end, the two of them decided to return to Chang'an. However, I did not expect to return to the Han Dynasty through the southern part of Qinghai on the way back.But I didn't expect that the Huns had already conquered Qiang . Zhang Qian and the others were detained by the Huns again for more than a year. Coinciding with the civil strife in the Huns, Zhang Qian took advantage of this plan to escape back to Chang'an with his wife and children.
朝
When Zhang Qian met Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he had been away for 13 years, and he reported to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty what he had seen and heard from this trip to the west. Emperor Wu of Han believed that Zhang Qian was on an envoy. There is also a huge contribution to make Zhang Qian a Taizhong doctor. Although Zhang Qian’s mission was not able to establish an alliance with Yue’s, the influence and effect in history was enormous. Zhang Qian’s first mission to the Western Regions not only allowed the countries in the Western Regions to strengthen their ties, but also opened up China and Central Asia. , West Asia, and even Southern Europe have established close relations. This is what the Shiji said " ". Zhang Qian also became the first person out of the world.
The Camel Team of the Western Regions
Zhang Qian's Second Envoy to the Western Regions
In 119 BC, the great Han generals , Weiqing, the Huongspan and the Huo nuspan 9span retreated to the northwest, and so on. Continue to confront the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once again sent Zhang Qian to make friends with the Western Regions. Zhang Qian led more than 300 entourages, carrying tens of thousands of gold coins, silk and silk, and tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, and he made his second mission to the Western Regions. The purpose of this trip was to recruit Wusundong who was in conflict with the Huns to return to his hometown, so as to break the right arm of the Huns; the second was to promote the prestige of the country and persuade the Western Regions to unite with the Han, so that he would become a foreign minister of the Han Dynasty .
Kingdoms of the Western Regions
When Zhang Qian arrived in Wusun, it coincided with Wusun's internal strife and failed to persuade Wusun to return home. However, Zhang Qian's deputy envoy visited Dawan, Kangju, Dayueshi, and Daxia in Central Asia, which expanded the political influence of the Western Han Dynasty and enhanced mutual understanding. Zhang Qian waited for his deputy for a long time,None of them returned, Zhang Qian brought dozens of Wusun envoys back to Chang'an. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw that Wusun was visiting and was very happy. When he saw the tall horse sent by Wusun, he gave special treatment to the envoy of Wusun. One year later, Zhang Qian died of illness, and the deputy Zhang Qian sent back to Dahan one after another. They added up the places they had visited, and they had been to 36 countries in total. This is the earliest record of the 36 countries in the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian's envoy
Zhang Qian made his second mission to the Western Regions and achieved strategic success. After this, the Han Dynasty expanded its territory and conquered the small southwestern country, laying a solid foundation, from a historical perspective and culture At that time, because the minority ethnic minorities of the Western Regions were oppressed and enslaved by the Huns for a long time, they all hoped to get rid of the rule of the Huns. This was also the key to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Han Dynasty. Later, they also accepted the rule of the Western Han Dynasty, which strengthened the Han people and the minority nationalities. Feelings and communication. This has also promoted the historical progress and cultural development of the Chinese nation one step further.
Zhang Qian is on his way out as an envoy
Summary of this article
Zhang Qian's two missions to the Western Regions, for the later period of the Han Dynasty to conquer Dawan, laid a good foundation for the expansion of the influence of the Han Dynasty China’s diplomatic foundation and resources, and the successful strategies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Zhang Qian have won the guarantee of trade, construction, and unification for China, which are of far-reaching significance to the history of China and the West. In the following years, both in the East and the West, Zhang Qian's name was remembered by people. For the first time, the Western Regions were connected with the mainland, which promoted the progress of the Western Regions society and enriched the material life of the Central Plains.
Western Han Dynasty map
With the opening of the Silk Road in China and the West. Tianma , sweaty BMW, grapes, walnuts, alfalfa , pomegranates, carrots, carpets, etc. were introduced to the mainland, enriching the economic life of the people at that time. The Han's techniques of casting iron, trenching, sinking wells, textiles, and metal tools also spread to the Western Regions, which promoted the economic development of the Western Regions. have to say,The wisdom and strategy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty further contributed to the era of Chinese unification. , Dianguo, , Yelang, etc. in the southwest have established ties with the Han, and Emperor Wu of Han has completed the development and development of the northwest and southwest. Unite.
The grand occasion at the time
When Zhang Qian set off from Chang'an, the whole world was isolated from the East and the West. More than 1,100 years after Zhang Qian arrived in Central Asian countries, the Italian traveler Marco Polo set foot on China The Spanish navigator Columbus also set sail from the port of Baros, Spain more than 1,300 years after Zhang Qian. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first opened up the Western Regions in order to conquer the Xiongnu and open up the territory of the Han Dynasty. However, after the war, the Chinese silk brought to the West by Zhang Qian continued to go to the world and was loved by people all over the world. With the opening of the Silk Road, a passage of thousands of miles connected ancient China with the distant West. Together.
Mural Record
Zhang Qian became the first person to go out of the world, opening the door for China to interact with countries in Central Asia, West Asia and Europe. At the same time, through his diplomatic practice, he made the first publicity The diplomatic concept of equal and honest exchanges between countries has built a bridge of friendly exchanges between Han and Western countries, promoted cultural and economic exchanges and development between the East and the West, and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Han Dynasty in China and the opening up of future generations. It has had a profound impact and has injected new vitality into the civilization and progress of the entire world.
Zhang Qian’s envoy
Reading history to increase knowledge and wisdom, the Chinese nation from ancient civilizations and myths and legends, Zhou emperor , the world has fallen apart, the Qin emperor is unified, and then the Han Dynasty is unified, and then thinks about today The prosperous and prosperous world and the One Belt One Road all reflect the greatness and innovation of Chinese civilization, lamenting the wise and martial arts of ancestors, and the allusions and spirits in history are also constantly enlightening future generations.Carry forward, the Chinese nation is a great nation and a great civilization. It is extremely proud of living in such a prosperous country. This article shares a great diplomat, explorer, and pioneer of the "Silk Road" in Chinese history. Follow-up will continue to follow the historical reading and sharing, read history wisely, and share with you!
Chinese people
.
