" Emperor Xiaowen had three males before and after, and Dou empress was lucky, died before and after, and the third son died, so Xiaojing was able to stand."-"Historical Records · The Eleventh Filial Piety" "Emperor Jing"
"Emperor Xiaowen" is the fourth son of Liu Bang; "Qianqian" is the queen before Liu Heng was the next king; "Queen Dowager Dou" is the queen of Emperor Xiaowen, that is, the biological mother of Emperor Han Jing; "Geng" means alternation and rotation, which can be translated as succession; "Xiaojing" is the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.
This sentence is translated in vernacular. When Emperor Xiaowen Liu Heng was the current king, , the queen queen , gave him three sons. When the Queen Mother Dou was favored, the Dai Wang and Queen died; the three sons of Dai Wang also died one after another, so Xiaojing Emperor was succeeded.
Portrait of Liu Heng, Emperor of Hanwen.
"The Book of Emperor Xiaojing" is straight to the point, "Emperor Xiaojing, the son of Xiaowen. Mother Dou empress dowager." Emperor Xiaojing is not the eldest son but inherits the throne.
This is bound to cause thinking. The great thing about Sima Qian lies in this. The suspense set up everywhere can be discovered with a little care.
can be even more strange at the back, and Sima Qian inserted the above sentence immediately, and there are many questions hidden in it:
First, "before and after" is who the queen is, why did he not leave her name?
Second, when did the queen die, before or after Dou Ji became favored?
third,Why did the king and queen die?
Fourth, when did the three elder brothers of Han Jingdi die and why?
Portrait of Liu Qi, Emperor of the Han Dynasty.
Many questions point to the months before and after Liu Heng changed his status from acting king to emperor.
In the last article, we mentioned that it took only two months from the death of Queen Mother Lu (July) to Zhou Bo and Chen Pingping's rebellion (September). After the rebellion was put down, Zhou Bo, Chen Ping's heroes, and the princes and nobles discussed the emperor's choice in private. Finally determined the selection criteria- "sees the kings to establish the most wise" , choose the best support from the kings.
In fact, this standard is completely determined by Sima Qian.
Look at the heroes who participated in the suppression of the rebellion. Xunjiu is not so much a discussion and discussion, as it is to weigh the pros and cons, and to divide power in mutual compromise.
First, the four children of Xiaohui Emperor Liu Ying are excluded on the grounds that is "none of the true filial piety" .
Sima Qian made it clear that Prince Xiaohui was not the birthplace of Empress Xiaohui, but a child adopted by Empress Lu from others, and was fostered under the name of Empress Xiaohui.
"When Xuanping Hou Nu was Queen Xiaohui, she had no children, pretending to have a body, and was named as a beautiful son." "Xuanping Hou Nu" was the daughter of Zhang Ao and Princess Lu Yuan, As the uncle Xiaohui Emperor Liu Ying did not lose her humanity and started with a niece.Therefore, Empress Xiaohui has never given birth. Queen Mother Lu asked Queen Xiaohui to pretend to be pregnant, and then brought the children of Emperor Xiaohui's other concubines.
Although the prince was not born to Empress Xiaohui ( "not the true queen son" ), it does not mean that it was not the Emperor Xiaohui Liu Ying. Moreover, Sima Qian still has a sentence in front of him, "The queen mother wants to be the king of Lv's family. First, make Xiaohui Hou Gong Ziqiang as the King of Huaiyang, the son is undoubtedly the king of Changshan, Zishan is the Hou of Xiangcheng, and the Zichao is Zhe Hou, Zi Wu is Huguan Hou."
The prince was fostered, not by Empress Xiaohui; while "Hou Gongzi" indicated that the other children were born by other concubines in the harem of Emperor Xiaohui. This is tantamount to clarifying that several kings are the heirs of Emperor Xiaohui.
However, the result of their discussion is that they are all excluded, even the sons of Emperor Xiaohui, because they are all worried that "is a long-term business, we are no class" , these children will threaten their lives when they grow up.
Secondly, it denies on the grounds that "Qi's mother's family is siege, sijun, and the wicked" .
Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang was the first to learn of Zhu Lu’s conspiracy to rebel. Liu Zhang’s wife was the daughter of Lu Lu , so he flew pigeons and sent a book to let the king of Qi Liu Xiang send his troops westward, so that internal and external echoes could occupy Chang'an.
This King Qi is the eldest grandson of Liu Bang, the son of King Hui, Liu Fei . Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang and Dong Mouhou Liu Xingju are both his younger brothers, who have contributed a lot to fighting against Zhu Lu.
This Zhu Xuhou and Liu Zhang "have strength", when he served as the wine supervisor at the reception of Lvhou,Dare to kill Lu's people behind Lu. Judging from Liu Zhang's personality, as an older brother, Liu Xiang is certainly not a kind person.
Therefore, Qi Ai Wang Liu Xiang was the most powerful of the successors at that time.
However, when Liu Xiang sent troops to the west, he offended the Langyan king Liu Ze , "swindled the Langyan king's army, and moved it to the west" . Liu Ze, the king of Langyan, was defrauded and deprived of his military power by Liu Xiang. It was analyzed in the previous article "Liu Heng ascends the throne and Liu Ze cannot fail."
Langyan Wang Liu Ze was discussing the scene in Chang'an, and he would certainly not agree to Liu Xiang's succession. First, Liu Xiang is too strong to control; second, the military power has been seized, and the hatred has not disappeared. Based on these two points, it is estimated that other ministers would not agree to toughen the emperor.
It is speculated that the grandma of Qi Wang has a strong family and is not a good person. It is not just Liu Ze who thinks this way. It is estimated that Chen Ping and Zhou Bo think the same way. "It is the king of Qi, and then it will be the Lu family" , supporting the King of Qi is equivalent to copying Lu family, is not beneficial and harmful to the counter-insurgents .
Again, "thinks less, but my mother is evil again." is an excuse to deny Huainan Wang Liu Chang.
Liu Chang is Liu Bang’s seventh son, and the other six sons died when Lu was in power. Either directly or indirectly, they died one after another during Lu Hou's reign. This has been a scapegoat for more than two thousand years.
Liu Chang was raised by Empress Lu, so "The Empress Lu was lucky and harmless" . "His mother is the beauty of Zhao Wang Zhang Ao" , his mother is Zhang Ao's concubine.
In 199 BC, Liu Bang attacked Han Wangxin. Passed by Zhao Guo, son-in-law Zhang Ao presented the beauty to express his filial piety, and Liu Bang "prompted" to keep the seeds.
the second year,Zhang Aochen son Guan Gao intends to rebel and reveal, "and arrest the king and capture all the queen mother, brothers and beauties" , Zhang Ao was detained and his family members were also implicated, including Liu Chang and his mother.
During the interrogation of Shiqi, Liu Chang his mother said, "I have served the emperor, and I am pregnant." Liu Bang ignored it in anger. After giving birth to Liu Chang, his mother committed suicide to prove her innocence.
Liu Bang regretted it after seeing the baby, "Let her stepmother" , let Queen Lu raise him. It is precisely because of this that Liu Chang was able to grow up and was not killed by Queen Lu.
According to calculations, Liu Chang's age is three or four years younger than Liu Heng, and he is also a young man in his twenties. There is nothing wrong with succeeding the emperor. However, Grandma Liu's family is not a good person, but does it mean the birth mother or the foster mother?
should be the adoptive mother, Queen Lu!
As the saying goes, "Don't forget the love of your birth mother, and you will never forget the kindness of adoptive mothers." Is it possible for the rebellious general to let the children raised by Hou Lv succeed? Isn't that digging one's own grave?
Besides, Sima Qian clearly records Liu Changnianen's revenge in the "Biography of the King of Li in Huainan", killing with a hammer and trying to eat him . It was because the trial was responsible for the trial of Liu Chang's biological mother.
Based on the above, Zhongping's rebel heroes must meet two conditions to select successors: First, completely eradicate Lu's influence and avoid "settling accounts after the fall"; second, it must be weak and controllable, and foreign influences must not be too strong.
"Dai Wang Fang Jin Gaodi sees sons, the longest, benevolent and filial piety and generous. Empress dowager Bo family Jinliang" . The acting king Liu Heng became the best candidate, and he belonged to Liu Bang's eldest child in age; Renxiao was famous, they thought it was a sign of weakness; the relatives were weak, and they had to rely on heroes to honor the old...
Can Liu Heng ascend the throne? ?
still can’t.There are additional conditions attached to the old heroes.
Hanwen Emperor Renxiao tasted the decoction.
In the "Biography of Foreign Relations", the part of Dou Ji is recorded, interspersed with the content of the queen and queen. Although has fifty characters, it is suspicious. :
1. Give birth to a daughter and two sons.” Dou Ji came to in that year and took the place of the country , the acting king Liu Heng was "exclusively lucky" Dou Ji, which means only doting on Dou Ji, so in this era, the queen is dead or alive. ?
2. "While the queen queen gave birth to four boys" , who is the queen queen? Why not leave a name? According to the coercive measures of Queen Lu's "Liu Lu Pei", the queen queen is probably the daughter of Lu family.
3. "First, the king did not become the emperor but the queen died" , why is the time inaccurate? Did Liu Heng die just before entering Beijing, or did the queen queen die before then? What is the cause of death?
4. "And the king became the emperor, and the four men born to the queen died of illness (successively)" , Liu Heng was determined to be the successor emperor, why did the four sons born to the queen died of illness one after another? Is there such a coincidence?
From the Hanwen Emperor Liu Heng to the Han Wu Emperor Liu Che about fifty years, the time span is not very large. Sima Qian can understand the detailed historical situation of Liu Bang, Fan Kui and so on through interviews, but he is not clear about Liu Heng's affairs, especially from the dynasty. Four to five months before and after the king arrived the emperor.
This violates the ethics of historians and does not conform to Sima Qian's style of life and work.
Let's look back at the first condition for the selection of heirs to the throne by the old ministers, and perhaps we can guess why Liu Heng can be so ruthless.
The reason can only be that the queen queen is the daughter of the Lu family,The four sons of the queen must cut grass and roots before Liu Heng can ascend to the throne.
This may also be the condition put forward by Chen Ping, Zhou Bo, and Langya Wang Liu Ze to Liu Heng.
Why didn't Sima Qian write it?
Spring and Autumn's brushwork "Take a Taboo for the Venerable", I guess it's not that I don't want to write, but I don't dare to write.
Liu Heng's posthumous posthumous title is "Wen". If there is such a cruel approach to the post, it is neither a glorious history nor a posthumous title.
It is estimated that when Emperor Jing of Han determined the posthumous title for Emperor Wen of Han, he had already locked in this period of history. Therefore, even in the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian still could not touch the restricted area.
As for the second condition that Liu Heng is weak and controllable, this is not only unexpected by Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others, even Liu Bang and Lu Houzaisei are expected to have their jaw dropped.
Liu Heng is not seemingly weak and incompetent. After moving into Weiyang Palace , Liu Heng "worships at night, Songchang is the general guard, and the northern and southern army is suppressed" , the North and South Army, that is, the Jingshi garrison; ", is the emperor's attendant and the highest commander of the guard.
Chang'an City was taken over by cronies from inside to outside, Liu Heng began to slaughter. "At night, there are divisions of the division to punish Liang, Huaiyang, King Changshan and Shao Di Yu Di" , the word "Ye" emphasizes that Liu Heng ordered that all children of Emperor Xiaohui be killed that night, cruel and decisive. .
In front of power, even weak people can be beasts. What's more, Liu Heng is not a weak and kind person at all.
Liu Heng, in order to ensure the orthodoxy of the throne,Not only did he kill all the descendants of Emperor Xiaohui, but his nephew Liu Xingju was killed in the rebellion, and his seventh brother Liu Chang was killed, but this was two years after he became the emperor. Liu Zhang died in the second year of Emperor Liu Heng's reign, and there is no clear cause.
As for the power minister, it is not a problem. The Prime Minister Zhou Bo is proud of himself, and unexpectedly bowed his head to Liu Heng to clean up and resigned automatically.
Of course, there are obvious errors in the two records in "The Benji of Emperor Xiaojing" and "Biography of Foreign Relations". Are the Dai Queens three sons or four sons? Actually, this is not the point. The point is that Liu Heng died one after another within three months after he became the emperor. This is questionable!
Perhaps this obvious omission was caused by Sima Qian deliberately, so that it can attract your attention and then think about it.
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