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Chairman Mao has made remarkable achievements in military, politics, and ideology. Chairman Mao was unique in Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period, and proposed that Zhuge Liang made three mistakes that caused him to be unable to unify the Three Kingdoms, and put forward his own opinions to the point.
What are the three mistakes Chairman Mao said?
Chairman Mao has been fond of books all his life and has also made considerable achievements in ancient Chinese. Among them, my favorite reading is history books, , Zizhi Tongjian , Twenty-Four Histories, and many historical books always make the Chairman linger.
According to the personal guards and nurses, Chairman Mao had to bring a lot of books wherever he went. There were often piles of books on the bed, and the other half was the place to sleep.
In his later years, Chairman Mao's physical condition was not as good as before. Not only was it difficult to stand for a long time, but he even felt pain all over his body when sitting for a while. Even so, the Chairman did not give up studying. He always asked the secretary to read for himself, and kept it every day.
The mastery of a large amount of historical information allows Chairman Mao to have his own unique insights on many historical figures and historical events.
As a representative of wisdom in my country's history, Zhuge Liang is an all-rounder in economic, political and military aspects. There are countless analysis and records of Zhuge Liang, so Chairman Mao naturally would not miss such a legendary figure.
Many battles that Zhuge Liang participated in were regarded as classics. Burning Red Cliff is a classic war in my country's history to win more victory with less. empty city plan Zhuge Liang is bold and meticulous. With several remaining soldiers and the elderly, weak, women and children in the city, he successfully resisted Sima Yi, millions of troops. His writing of literary works such as the role model of the army that has been passed down is also commendable.
In addition to strategy, Zhuge Liang was also extremely loyal. After Liu Bei After his death, Zhuge Liang carefully assisted Liu Chan . In order to protect the country of Shu and to restore the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang perfectly interpreted the meaning of devoted himself to his whole life and to die.
Zhuge Liang has achieved many achievements, but Chairman Mao’s evaluation of him is indeed pessimistic and negative, because he did not achieve his ultimate goal, complete the Northern Expedition and restore the Han Dynasty. Judging from the results, Zhuge Liang was not a perfect leader.
The great leader of the generation Zhuge Liang burned the Red Cliff, empty city plans, and transformed crossbow arrows. He added many achievements, but failed to fulfill his ultimate dream of restoring the Han Dynasty. The great leader Chairman Mao went to the nail on the head and pointed out the three mistakes Zhuge Liang made.
uses none of the person, and makes mistakes in employing people at critical moments, resulting in the failure of the war , This is Zhuge Liang's first mistake.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was on the right side. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang was not content with the status quo. He knew that Wei State would one day attack Shu State, and Liu Chan was not capable enough. Once he died, Shu State may face a disintegration. At that time, internal and external troubles, and the possibility of Shu State continuing is almost zero.
Zhuge Liang foresaw the future problems of Shu Kingdom. The only way to solve them was to fight against Cao's army north. If the unification of the Han Dynasty could be achieved and the world would support the main, Liu Chan would have the opportunity to continue his family.
At that time, Wei State was in great power and Shu State was no match for it. Zhuge Liang chose to spend two years resting and rebuild his team. After and others had a certain production capacity and the ethnic minorities around Shu were pacified, the Northern Expedition was put on the agenda.
Although he was fully prepared, facing the huge gap in strength, even Zhuge Kongming was unable to turn things around. For his failure, many literary works, including the people at that time, blamed the destiny and metaphysics. This was because Zhuge Liang's previous brilliance was too strong, and people did not believe that such a person who was almost god would fail.
As a believer in materialism , Chairman Mao advocated seeking truth from facts and speaking with facts. Zhuge Liang's failure was not caused by fate.
Chairman Mao once said during a conversation with the health team leader that Zhuge Liang used the wrong person, which was a big mistake for him. In Chairman Mao's analysis, Zhuge Liang not only did not know how to use people, but also used the wrong people many times, resulting in the failure of many key battles.
When the Three Kingdoms were fighting, in order to complete the great cause of unification of Shu, Zhuge Liang led his troops to the north many times, but still failed and died. As a famous strategist, in Chairman Mao's view, Zhuge Liang's failure was inevitably caused by three major mistakes, one of which was the mistakes in employing people in key battles.
Zhuge Liang used the wrong person in a major battle. First of all, I have to say that I will send Guan Yu to stay at Jingzhou . Guan Yu has excellent abilities and no problem in commanding the battle. It is also correct to leave a general to guard the key city, but Zhuge Liang did not consider Guan Yu's personal character.
Zhuge Liang has always been known for his use of troops as a god and winning decisive battles. He often does not participate in the battle personally, but performs pre-deductions, calculates possible problems, and then leaves a countermeasure for the defending generals. Zhuge Liang also left Guan Yu a brilliant plan.
North reject Cao Cao , Donghe Sun Quan . Zhuge Liang's arrangement can be said to take into account both the military strength and the situation. When the Northern Expedition to attack Cao Cao, it is necessary to guard against the Cao army's sneak attack on the rear. Joining with Sun Quan ensures the stability of the foundation of Shu Kingdom and lays the foundation for the future alliance between Shu and Wu.
The image of Zhuge Liang in the TV series
There is no problem with rejecting Cao Cao in the north, but it is bad about Dong and Sun Quan. Guan Yu is extremely arrogant and looks down on others at all. It happened that Sun Quan's son and Guan Yu's daughter were going to get married. The marriage between Shu and Wu is beneficial to Shu Kingdom without any harm. It should have been smooth under Zhuge Liang's arrangement.
But Guan Yu was rebellious by nature. When his daughter was about to be used as a political tool, he was powerless to stop him, but he was so quick that he actually told his subordinates that Sun Quan's dog son was not worthy of his tiger daughter. This was passed into Sun Quan's ears by those who were interested. After being exaggerated, the marriage between Eastern Wu at this time was lowering the Shu Kingdom.
In a rage, Sun Quan directly stopped the alliance between Shu and Wu, and Cao Cao also took advantage of the opportunity to send a request for the alliance between Wu and Wei. At this time, Jingzhou had 30,000 troops, and under the support of Guan Yu, he had the power to fight against either Wu and Wei. However, facing the alliance between the two armies, Guan Yu could only defeat Maicheng.
In order to make Guan Yu's image positive enough, literary works used Guan Yu's careless statement to find reasons for his failure. However, the reality is due to the huge gap in military strength. Even if Guan Yu goes all out, he can't defeat it. This is caused by Guan Yu's personality flaw. However, in the state confrontation, the fault must be attributed to the leader's mistake in employing people, that is, Zhuge Liang used Guan Yu to guard the rear by mistake.
The image of Zhuge Liang in the TV series
Faced with the defensive issues at key positions, Zhuge Liang only referred to the comparison of troops but ignored the personal characteristics of soldiers, mistakenly thinking that everyone will meticulously implement their own strategies and integrate fixed strategies into military temperament, which is also a must-have ability for a leader.
The second mistake is that you did not personally command the battle. Chairman Mao believes that excellent military command should change military strategies at any time according to changes in the battlefield, and accurately attack and defense according to changes in the strength of the enemy and us.
also mentioned above that Zhuge Liang's decisive victory thousands of miles away was his command feature, but it was precisely this that prevented him from becoming an excellent commander on a battlefield. In seven years, Zhuge Liang carried out five Northern Expeditions, all of which ended in failure, which was inseparable from Zhuge Liang's inability to command in front of the battlefield.
During the Northern Expedition, Shu Wei Yan proposed that the troops should be concentrated and the attack on Guanzhong should be directly attacked, and not compete with Wei for the number of troops. It would be no benefit to Shu 's comprehensive confrontation. This is a useful suggestion to make strategic adjustments based on your own strength.
The image of Zhuge Liang in the TV series
However, Zhuge Liang did not adopt it and was still stubborn in the initial comprehensive Northern Expedition strategy. Zhao Yun and Ma Su divided the troops, which made the Shu Kingdom, which was not superior in military strength, even more difficult to fight. When Shu Kingdom fell into a hard battle, Zhuge Liang did not temporarily change the formation and personally commanded it, which made the Shu army truly fail.
Ma Su was besieged in the Battle of Jieting. Chairman Mao believed that Zhuge Liang could temporarily surround Wei and save Zhao with one move, and take the opportunity to fight to the decisive battle. While severely damaging the enemy, he played a role in supporting Ma Su. However, Zhuge Liang did not personally take the stage to command, which made the Shu army lose Jieting.
Zhuge Liang may be an excellent strategist, but the situation on the battlefield is changing rapidly, and the strategy must be temporarily changed according to the situation. This is also the important point of personal command mentioned by Chairman Mao.
Zhuge Liang's life legend and mysterious. It is rumored that he knew astronomy on , geography on , governing the country and governing the country, and doing everything. But unfortunately, he failed to complete the feat of the Northern Expedition. Chairman Mao listed three major mistakes in Zhuge Liang, pointing directly at the defects of Zhuge Liang's military capabilities, and showing the vision of a great man.
Chairman Mao said that Zhuge Liang's last mistake was the arrangement of military strategy. The command of the specific combat can only affect temporary gains and losses, while the arrangement of the overall strategy directly sets the tone for the ending, and Zhuge Liang's strategic arrangement does not conform to the reality of Shu.
Zhuge Liang used his troops like a god, winning a thousand miles, but he chose to divide the troops of Shu Kingdom equally. Guan Yu, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were in three places, with the intention of blooming everywhere. However, the lack of military force could not realize Zhuge Liang's plan, and would only cause all three places to fall into hard battles.
The image of Zhuge Liang in the TV series
, and, more importantly, Jingzhou and Yizhou were too far apart at that time, and they could not form a mutual support role. In isolation, the enemy gave each other a chance to defeat them.
This strategic mistake did not happen by chance. Zhuge Liang made the concept of division of troops and checks and balances as early as the time of the Longzhong period, but Zhuge Liang failed to foresee the possibility of insufficient troops in Shu.
is too long apart, and no one can predict so accurately. This is not because Zhuge Liang's lack of ability, but because he did not change his troops in a timely manner in the face of changes in military strength, it is because Zhuge Liang made a decision mistake.
In addition to three key mistakes, Chairman Mao also proposed the difference between Zhuge Liang's literary works and historical facts. The Zhuge Liang we often hear is a peerless strategist who uses troops like a god described in literary works. However, in real history, Zhuge Liang's ability is worth pondering.
In the Battle of Red Cliff, the Three Kingdoms exercise said that Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind to help the coalition forces burn the battalions and defeat the Cao army. This is obviously a literary exaggeration. Even if Zhuge Liang could infer the style of rain and snow based on the phenological phenomenon, the normal battle was based on the fire attack strategy.
Therefore, Chairman Mao believes that the hero of the Battle of Red Cliff is Zhou Yu . It is worth mentioning that many historians affirm Zhuge Liang's ability, but Chairman Mao put forward different opinions from a military perspective, which also makes our evaluation of Zhuge Liang, a historical figure, more objectively.
Chairman Mao criticized Zhuge Liang's military command capabilities, but did not belittle him. On the contrary, Chairman Mao expressed his affirmation to Zhuge Liang in other aspects. First of all, in terms of national development. After Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan, although Zhuge Liang was eager to expedition in the Northern Expedition, he also saw the current situation of Shu Kingdom and took many measures to help the country develop.
The military farming system and land reclamation and employment allowed Shu Kingdom to develop rapidly, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment for two years. The vigorous development of agriculture showed that Zhuge Liang understood what the country and the people needed at that time, which was something that an outstanding leader must master.
Secondly, in consolidating border defense, Zhuge Liang was also very wise. seven captures Meng Huo made ethnic minorities psychologically recognize the leadership of Shu, and did not cause excessive national friction.
In terms of military technology, Zhuge Liang was also a rare talent. In ancient China, he focused on theory and strategy and despised technology, but Zhuge Liang understood the importance of military equipment, improved crossbows and arrows, and significantly improved the combat effectiveness of the army.
When facing the three thousand vine armor army in Meng Huo , the crossbow arrows could not be played. According to the production process of vine armor , Zhuge Liang found that he used a lot of oil to make vine armor, and then used fire attack. This is also the best proof of Zhuge Liang's integration of military technology into the combat system.
In literature, Chairman Mao also admires Zhuge Liang very much. As a literary master, he undoubtedly showed Zhuge Liang's talent, devoted himself to his work until his death. Chairman Mao also highly praised this loyalty to the country.
The image of Zhuge Liang in the TV series
Using history as a mirror, you can correct your clothes and wear ancient times as a mirror, and you can know the success or replacement.
Chairman Mao understands the important role of history on the country and on the individual very well. He advocates that people around him read more history books, and he also practices it himself, interpreting that a leader should learn from history.
Chairman Mao’s evaluation of Zhuge Liang’s incisiveness seems to be a criticism and negation, but in fact it is a pity for both military commanders. It is true that we can see the various mistakes made by Zhuge Liang from the perspective of God, but in a specific historical period, any decision and strategy are understandable.
Therefore, Chairman Mao only said that Zhuge Liang made some mistakes in a certain incident, and did not deny Zhuge Liang's talent and character. This is the mind and demeanor of a great man of a generation.
As the leader of establishing a new China, Chairman Mao is also very good at using troops, which is even better than Zhuge Liang, two historical figures who are brilliant and brilliant in their own era.
Chairman Mao’s comment to Zhuge Liang is a great man’s contact spanning thousands of years. I believe that if Zhuge Liang knew that there would be such a descendant who achieved the unification of the land of China a thousand years later, he would have a smile on his face!
