"The palace is opened in the nine heavens, and the nations are dressed and worshipped by the crowns."
The places where Chinese people live overseas are collectively called " Chinatown ", and the title of "Tang people" is inseparable from the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China.
Tang Dynasty As the largest dynasty in Chinese history, it not only maintained friendly diplomatic relations with Asian countries, but also had frequent exchanges with European countries. Therefore, after the Tang Dynasty, most overseas countries called us "Tang people".
Why did such a powerful Tang Dynasty experience the tragedy of the royal family and the court officials were thrown into corpses Yellow River and other tragedies?
Three major reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty
Things will turn back when extreme, and things will decline when extreme. Although the Tang Dynasty was the vastest dynasty in history, the increase in land area would inevitably face the situation of "the emperor far away from him". Most of the border areas are foreigners who have just obtained military expansion. In order to stabilize the regime, the Central Committee of China had to send permanent garrison troops to the border.
Permanent Corps requires supplies, and it can be transported from inland areas to the border for too long. The central government allowed the border troops to reclaim private land. With land, they naturally had financial power.
The manpower, financial resources and material resources are in the hands of the border generals. With the continuous increase in power and the fact that they are not at the feet of the emperor, gradually has the idea of "realizing themselves as kings".
On the other hand, the population of the Tang Dynasty continued to increase, but the number of unowned lands available for the "equal field system" was less and less. In addition, due to the impact of the war, many farmers left their hometowns to avoid the war, and landlords privately occupied the farmers' land.
The farmers themselves have less and less land. In order to survive, they finally work for the landlord class.
at that time Tang Xuanzong could not take better measures to solve this situation, so he could only let it go, Therefore, the peasant class's dissatisfaction with the court became increasingly serious.
The continuous enhancement of local military strength and the deepening of class contradictions have laid the foreshadowing for the demise of the Tang Dynasty. Anshi Rebellion is a key turning point.
In the process of increasingly serious conflicts between the central and local governments, An Lushan , which is deeply trusted by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, was originally the governor of many military towns, with a total of 180,000 troops, while the Chang'an City , where the emperor was located, had only 40,000 troops.
There were also many border soldiers and landless farmers support, and An Lushan quickly captured Chang'an City.
Tang Xuanzong fled with his family and important officials from Chang'an , leaving Crown Prince Li Heng to start the eight-year journey to quell the rebellion.
Eight years, the Tang Dynasty suffered a sharp decline in population due to war, labor force declined, and land productivity was seriously insufficient.
After the Anshi Rebellion ended, the local warlords who further expanded their troops during the war were even more uncontrolled by the central government.
Eunuchs go to power
During the Anshi Rebellion, Prince Li Heng was left by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang to quell the war.
However, the prince was oppressed by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang for many years and could not make a quick decision to issue military orders. The rebels are at the moment, and the panicked prince is gradually getting on the right track with the help of the eunuch Li Fuguo .
After the Anshi Rebellion, the lesson of the eight years of war caused by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was deeply attacking the emperors of later generations.
Facing the emperor who dared not trust the court officials, the eunuchs who were always with the emperor found an opportunity.
especially during the reign of Dang Dezong , because he deliberately weakened the power of the Jiedu governors, he encountered a mutiny and escaped from Chang'an again under the protection of eunuchs.
Tang Dezong, who survived the disaster, distrusts the court officials even more and even sends military power to the eunuchs around him. The power of eunuchs with military power is becoming stronger, which has become a major hidden danger that threatens the central power in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
peasant uprising, Zhu Wen
three major reasons for the demise of the late Tang Dynasty. In addition to the excessive local warlords and the eunuchs taking power, there is another peasant uprising.
The peasant uprising initiated by the salt merchant Huang Chao is very popular and soon attacked Chang'an.
In this peasant uprising, the appearance of a character played a decisive role in the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and he was Zhu Wen.
Zhu Wen is a cruel person and usually runs rampant in the countryside. After learning about Huang Chao's uprising, he quickly went to Huang Chao to join.
was highly valued by Huang Chao because of his strong combat ability, but that was the rising period of the Huang Chao uprising, and many veterans did not agree with the new Zhu Wen.
This led to the news being repeatedly cut off when Zhu Wen was besieged by the Tang army and asked Huang Chao for support. Zhu Wen, who had no support, simply surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Jun was defeated by Zhu Wen many times during the suppression of the uprising. The Tang Jun was overjoyed about Zhu Wen's surrender.
In fact, Zhu Wen did lead the Tang army to successfully suppress the Huang Chao uprising, and thus gained the royal family's reuse.
in Guanghua for three years, the eunuchs imprisoned the emperor Emperor Zhaozong of Tang . The Prime Minister at that time had a good relationship with Zhu Wen, so he joined forces with Zhu Wen to kill the eunuchs. Zhu Wen destroyed the eunuch faction and monopolized the power
Zhu Wen, who already had a self-respecting force, after killing the eunuch faction and removing a major hidden danger for the royal family, his power was once again enhanced. The emperor at that time, Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, originally thought that eunuchs could finally show their ambition to strengthen the country, but the military power was not in his hands, and the royal family once again became Zhu Wen's "fish meat" on the board.
Because most of Zhu Wen's troops were concentrated in the area of Luoyang , Zhu Wen took the opportunity to kill the prime minister and other important officials who were loyal to the Li Tang royal family, forced Emperor Zhaozong of Tang to move the capital to Luoyang, and quietly killed all the confidants of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang on the way, and replaced them with his people.
When Emperor Zhaozong of Tang noticed something strange, he had already lost all his power and could not resist Zhu Wen with obvious ambitions.
Zhu Wen's actions also made warlords from all over the country see his ambition. In order not to let Zhu Wen's family dominate, warlords from all over the country sent troops to Luoyang under the title of "strike Zhu Wen and revive the royal family."
This move also made Zhu Wen realize the threat of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang again, so he simply killed Emperor Zhaozong of Tang and changed the 13-year-old Emperor Ai of Tang .
The next year, in the name of a banquet, deceived Emperor Zhaozong of Tang into the palace. After they got drunk, ordered his subordinates to strangle the nine sons to death.
In order to completely eliminate hidden dangers, he also killed more than 30 important officials loyal to the Li Tang Dynasty, and threw their bodies into the Yellow River, claiming, "Look at whether these people who claim to be clear water can cleanse the water of the Yellow River."
After clearing all obstacles, he finally abolished Emperor Ai of Tang, changed Emperor Ai of Tang into a local royal family, and killed Emperor Ai of Tang the second year after he became emperor in .
Since then, the Tang Dynasty has fallen, opening up the era of warlord melee between the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
Conclusion
From the first year of Tianyou to the fourth year of Tianyou, in just four years, the Tang Dynasty moved from moving its capital to destruction. Although Zhu Wen had strong military strength, the destruction of a century-old dynasty was ultimately the continuous deepening of class contradictions.
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the court was naturally stable; in the late Tang Dynasty, warlords fought in various places, and the people were in poverty, and if they wanted to survive, they had to join the army to make a living.
Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn the boat. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty originated from the peasant uprising and was also destroyed by the peasant uprising. If you want the court to be stable than expand your territory, you should pay more attention to people's livelihood.
