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A special tomb is located in a corner of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing. There are marble fences around it, and cypress trees , which symbolizes frost and snow. There are two exquisitely carved stone lions standing on the left and right in front of the tomb, which look solemn and solemn.
When the tomb owner died of illness in 1991, a group of national leaders and people from all walks of life at home and abroad came to mourn and say goodbye, and wreaths filled the entire auditorium.
The inscription engraved on the tombstone reveals the unique identity of the tomb owner - "Comrade Huang Wenhuan, the respected old friend of the Chinese people of Vietnam's older generation revolutionary."
As a famous Vietnamese revolutionary and former vice chairman of the State Council, why was Huang Wenhuan buried in the Chinese Revolutionary Cemetery? What has he experienced in the past? What situation happened later?
Help under sharp contradictions
One evening in July 1979, the moonlight was hazy.
In the Chinese Consulate in Karachi, Pakistan, a staff member hurriedly knocked on the door of the Consul General, saying that an old foreign man came outside to call him and wanted to see him. The other party looked haggard and solemn, and had a good aura. It seemed that there was a real urgent matter to discuss major issues.
said, and the staff also handed over a note with the old man's name written on it.
As soon as I opened the note, the sleepy Consul General suddenly looked serious. He hurried to the gate and welcomed the old man into the living room to discuss secretly with him. After the conversation ended, he called a car in person to watch the old man leave.
The staff who witnessed the whole process were confused about this. He thought to himself that although China is a famous country of etiquette, it has always been warm and polite to deal with people. But someone who can be treated so rigorously must be of great origin.
This is true. The old man who visited late at night was Huang Wenhuan, then vice chairman of Vietnam.
Huang Wenhuan
Vietnamese core leaders seek help from Chinese diplomats in Pakistan . This seemingly inexplicable scene has actually been traced to follow.
Between 1955 and 1975, the Vietnam War broke out in full swing. The country was divided into two, the north was the socialist Democratic Republic of Vietnam , and the south was the Vietnam Republic of capitalist camp .
South Vietnam North Vietnam competed fiercely for the power of unification, and war continued for years, and corpses were everywhere on the vast land, blood was flowing into rivers.
Just like Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea , as a friendly country that is dependent on Vietnam's landscape, China naturally cannot be completely out of the matter.
Watch the United States as it is domineering and carrying out unscrupulous biochemical operations, and harming innocent people. China could no longer bear it and launched a vigorous struggle to resist the United States and aid Vietnam.
Not only did 1,146 PLA soldiers, they died heroically in a foreign land for this purpose; our country has also provided Vietnam with tens of billions of dollars of free donations under the difficult situation of being in ruins.
At that time, China and Vietnam were really close friends. It’s a pity that with the death of Vietnam’s “father of the founding” Ho Chi Minh in 1969, relations between the two countries quickly plummeted.
took over Le Duan , who served as the supreme leader of Vietnam. She was not only ambitious, but also an extreme pro-Soviet and anti-Americanist.
You should know that at that time, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated sharply, but instead thawed with the United States and exchanges were significantly eased.
adheres to the principle of "the enemy of a friend is the enemy, and the friend of the enemy is the enemy", and the Li Duan government quickly turned the gun head without regard to the grace of China's strong support.
With the strong support of the Soviet Union, Le Duan also launched the so-called "Indochina Federation" plan with great fanfare. means annexing Laos , Cambodia and other countries, dominating Southeast Asia, and then attacking the Soviet Union and gradually expanding into China.
Li Duan
is probably because he pretended to be powerful and was complacent. With the support of the Soviet Union, the military power, the Li Duan government was extremely arrogant in the 1970s.
Not only did it launch a large-scale military force in the South China Sea, illegally invaded 29 islands and reefs including Hongmai Island ; it also provoked wildly on the Sino-Vietnam border, seriously endangering the security of our country's territory and people.
In 1979, facing Vietnam's increasingly violent evil deeds, China finally couldn't bear it and decided to launch a counterattack.
htmlOn February 17, two founding generals, Yang Dezhi and Xu Shiyou, were in charge and commanded the battles in Yunnan and Guangxi at the same time.
In the next month, our army's 560,000 soldiers charged in blood and drove straight into the city with a broken bamboo force, pushing the front line all the way to the suburbs of Hanoi , the capital of Vietnam, and annihilated more than 50,000 enemies.
On March 16, after completing the strategic purpose of combating Vietnam's aggression and defending border security, our country took the initiative to withdraw its troops.
says that "one mistake can bring wisdom." This self-defense counterattack against Vietnam undoubtedly fully confirms the huge gap in strength between the two countries and our country's determination to defend sovereignty - China is not an existence that Vietnam can afford.
However, Li Duan, who still dreams of hegemony, not only did not learn from the lessons and abide by the rules, but instead wanted to avenge his shame. Not only did he order the expansion of his military equipment, but he also threatened to build all the citizens into soldiers and charge at any time. Of course, Vietnam's invasion at the border has never stopped.
And just as the Sino-Vietnam conflict was so sharp, in July 1979, Vietnam's top leaders suddenly came to the Chinese consulate, which was obviously unusual.
The friendly and pro-China Vietnamese "Vice Chairman"
In fact, compared with the Le Duan government's hostility to China, Huang Wenhuan has a deep friendship with China.
1896 Guangzhou Uprising , the Provincial and Hong Kong General Strike in 1925, the Northern Expedition in 1926 , etc., as the main source of the Chinese revolution, as well as the location of the Whampoa Military Academy and the peasant training institute sponsored by Mao Zedong. In the 1920s, Guangzhou became the place of yearning for countless revolutionaries.
At that time, Southeast Asian countries were still in dire straits and were eager to get rid of European colonial rule.
The brilliant record of China's successful overthrow of the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years undoubtedly gave it hope. As a result, revolutionary pioneers in Southeast Asia rushed to Guangzhou to study and learn from the scriptures.
Ho Chi Minh was also among them. He founded the Vietnam Youth Revolutionary Comrades Association in Guangzhou in 1925 to prepare for the nurturing revolution in his country.
Ho Chi Minh
This year, Huang Wenhuan, who was full of passion for serving the country and committed to the anti-French revolutionary struggle at the age of 19, resolutely rushed to Guangzhou to participate in the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth Training Class.
Since the core of the Vietnam Revolution is also communism, Ho Chi Minh also specially invited comrades such as Liu Shaoqi, Pengpai, and Chen Yannian to teach them.
In short, due to such a passionate revolutionary atmosphere and in-depth study of proletarian revolutionary theory, Huang Wenhuan's revolutionary will became increasingly firm, and at the same time, he also forged an indissoluble bond with China.
1935, Huang Wenhuan followed Ho Chi Minhwa and opened a training class in Nanjing to actively publicize revolutionary concepts to the local Vietnamese people.
1938, he rushed to Yan'an again and followed Ye Jianying to participate in various anti-Japanese activities. In 1941, the "Vietnam National Liberation Tongmenghui" was established in Jingxi County, Guangxi, and strived to develop the revolutionary forces in Vietnam.
Between 1949 and 1957, Huang Wenhuan stayed in China for a full 8 years.
Huang Wenhuan
During the period, Premier Zhou made an exception and asked him to participate in the training of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to train the first batch of diplomats in the New China under the identity of "returning overseas Chinese". As the first country to establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam, Huang Wenhuan naturally became Vietnam's first ambassador to China.
It can be said that China has almost run through Huang Wenhuan's entire revolutionary career.
From a young man who is a young man, to a chairman and member of the Central Committee of the Vietnam League, to becoming vice chairman and secretary-general of the Standing Committee of the Vietnamese Parliament in 1958. Huang Wenhuan's growth and achievements are also inseparable from the support and help of Chinese revolutionary leaders.
is also because of this that Huang Wenhuan is committed to making good friends with China from beginning to end.Until the eve of his death in 1991, he left a will saying: "I hope to keep half of the ashes in China in some form to express my nostalgia and gratitude to the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people, and the overseas Chinese in China."
Huang Wenhuan
It's a pity that Huang Wenhuan's unwavering pro-China stance seemed out of place among the Le Duan government.
He repeatedly publicly opposed the government's policy of "interference with China", criticized and condemned the Vietnamese military's various provocative behaviors invading China, which naturally aroused Le Duan's hatred and hostility.
Although Huang Wenhuan has a great influence and voice as a veteran of Vietnam, he is really weak.
In 1976, Li Duan and others forced Huang Wenhuan out of the Central Committee and removed all his real power, leaving only a false title of vice chairman on the grounds that he was "old and sick".
After that, Li Duan began to desperately stop Huang Wenhuan from appearing publicly, trying to downplay his mark in the public's hearts. At the same time, the Huang family was also fully tracked and eavesdropped, trying every means to capture Huang Wenhuan and his family, and taking the opportunity to make a big fuss.
Huang Wenhuan
It’s just as firm as him. In a flash, three years have passed, Huang Wenhuan is not afraid of all kinds of targeting and attacks, and is still standing on the front line of restoring Sino-Vietnam relations.
Even in April 1979, Li Duan was tricked by a fool and forced to participate in an event of "anti-China" nature. Huang Wenhuan appeared in front of everyone, wearing the Chinese People's Liberation Army uniform and slapped Li Duan in the face.
coincides with this moment, because of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, the conflict between China and Vietnam has further intensified. Le Duan also took the opportunity to lead the Vietnamese Party Central Committee to formally pass the "anti-China resolution".
Li Duan
Eyes watching the years of hard work and squandering the water, for a moment, various emotions such as disappointment, melancholy, confusion arise naturally, and eventually turn into a strong sense of powerlessness.
Huang Wenhuan knew very well that China-Vietnam relations had deteriorated to a point where it was difficult to repair in a short period of time. He was completely undermined and had no ability to turn the tide any more.
Moreover, Li Duan's hatred for himself has obviously reached the point of showing off, and he may be "cut off the roots" at any time.
After careful consideration, Huang Wenhuan decided to leave Vietnam and go to China's "second hometown" for asylum and help.
Farewell to China
Because of running around for the democratic revolution in the early years, Huang Wenhuan became ill due to overwork and her health has not been very optimistic. Now his worries are too much and his sorrow is hard to resolve, which makes his health worse and worse.
Huang Wenhuan
In the early summer of 1979, Huang Wenhuan fell seriously ill. His high fever did not subside for many consecutive days. He was immediately diagnosed with tuberculosis .
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Patients may experience symptoms such as fever, coughing up blood, chest tightness, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. However, as long as they receive timely diagnosis and treatment, they will be cured smoothly.
However, I don’t know if the medical level in Vietnam was too low at that time or the doctor’s strength was not good. After a while of treatment, Huang Wenhuan's condition not only did not improve, but instead became increasingly serious.
Seeing this, the attending doctor panicked, fearing that he would be "slaughtering the national leader", so he quickly suggested that Huang Wenhuan go to East Germany for recuperation with better medical conditions.
This suggestion made Huang Wenhuan's eyes lit up: Yes, as long as you leave Vietnam and Le Duan's sphere of influence first, you can try to get out when you go abroad! So he applied to the government.
Because Huang Wenhuan is seriously ill, he is not a fraud; East Germany is the socialist country established in the Soviet occupied areas after World War II , which belongs to its own people.
Li Duan could not find an excuse to object, so she could only arrange for a secretary and a doctor to monitor Huang Wenhuan's movements in person, and then agree to let him go.
Li Duan
In early July 1979, Huang Wenhuan's escape finally kicked off.
He knew that the secretary and the doctor were just responsible for the configuration of "road escort". Once landed in East Germany, there will inevitably be more people who are "waiting for the rabbit" and may not face house arrest at that time.
In short, along the way from Vietnam to East Germany, Pakistan Karachi, as a turning point, is undoubtedly Huang Wenhuan's best and only chance to get out.
Just like that, after landing at Karachi Airport, Huang Wenhuan pretended to be unwell due to long-distance flights and asked to stay for a few days.
Then one night, while the secretary and doctor were asleep, Huang Wenhuan avoided the guards, quietly left his residence, and hurried to the Chinese Consulate in Karachi. Then the opening scene was staged.
Huang Wenhuan showed his identity and made the right point to explain his purpose, hoping to get political protection from China.
In order not to alert the enemy, Huang Wenhuan and the Consul General simply formulated an escape plan, and then took advantage of the night to return to their residence, continuing to pretend to be ill in bed, waiting for news from the Chinese government.
Huang Wenhuan
As mentioned earlier, Huang Wenhuan has always regarded China as his second hometown, and the leaders of China have never regarded him as an outsider.
Learning that a friend was in trouble, the Chinese government naturally had no choice but to help. At 10 pm the next day, the Chinese Consulate's car arrived quietly at the hotel where Huang Wenhuan was staying.
When the secretary and his party noticed the abnormality, Huang Wenhuan had already boarded the plane to Beijing under the personal escort of the Consul General.
"China is a neighbor who once shed blood and sacrificed with our people in the struggle against France and the United States to save the country, fighting side by side with our people."
"The central government of Vietnam reverses black and white and regards friends as enemies."
"I only have a breath and will do my best to contribute to the restoration of China-Vietnam relations."
Shortly after arriving in Beijing, Huang Wenhuan specially held a press conference for Chinese and foreign press to expose the unbearable behavior of the Vietnamese authorities and his position to firmly safeguard China-Vietnam friendship, which made Li Duan furious.
Huang Wenhuan
In a furious state, Li Duan directly labeled Huang Wenhuan as "traitorous" and sentenced him to death.
Of course, no matter how much the Li Duan government wants to cause trouble, Huang Wenhuan, who is protected by the Chinese government, will not be affected at all.
On the contrary, the Chinese government not only made careful arrangements in every detail, but also allowed Huang Wenhuan to enjoy his old age without any worries. He also diagnosed that he was not suffering from tuberculosis, but lung cancer, and formed a top medical team for this, and successfully removed the malignant tumor in Huang Wenhuan's lungs.
Although Huang Wenhuan was restricted by the Li Duan power group and was unable to rehabilitate himself and restore his official position, he was already satisfied with the status quo.
As soon as China's friendship, tolerance and protection have already made him feel a deep sense of belonging, and there is no desolation of living in a foreign country.
2. Since Li Duan's death in 1986, he has been able to restart his wishes and strive to repair the rift between China and Vietnam until his death on May 18, 1991.
And Huang Wenhuan's ashes were like his last wish, half of them were scattered into Red River and returned to the motherland with the flowing water; the other half was buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery , and left in his second hometown.
As the vice chairman of Vietnam, Huang Wenhuan fled to China for asylum, seeking asylum. Huang Wenhuan undoubtedly suffered unimaginable public opinion pressure and psychological burden. But as a revolutionary, he would rather fight alone than deviate from his faith and original aspirations and be with those who revenge their grudges.
The outside world calls Huang Wenhuan the "highest-level foreign leader defected to China", but in China, Huang Wenhuan has always been a highly respected and welcomed "old friend".
