The Battle of Muye, which is the during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the king of Zhou Wu, with the help of Taigongwang and others, led his troops to the Shangdu 9span (now Henan 9span County) A strategic decisive battle in Muye ( to the south of Qi County and to the north of Weihe) to break the merchant army and destroy the Shang Dynasty.
The Shang Dynasty established by Shang Tang has gone through the stages of early prosperity, mid-decline, rejuvenation, heyday, and immersion, and reached the period of the king of Shang ( ) ascended the throne. The abyss of crisis. Under the rule of the emperor, the Yin and Shang dynasties were politically corrupt, punished and tortured. They used foreign troops for years. The people were burdened and miserable. The contradictions among the nobility were numerous and disintegrated, which led to the turmoil of the entire society. A chaotic situation like boiling water.
is in sharp contrast with the dying Shang dynasty. The active management of Gong Liu, Gu Gong Fu, Wang Ji and others helped Zhou quickly become stronger and his power extended into the river and Han basins. After the king of Wen Ji Chang ascended to the throne, he appointed a wise man who was familiar with the internal situation of Shang Dynasty, Lv Shang , "conspired to cultivate morality in order to devote business and government", and actively engaged in the great business of destroying business.
Zhou Wenwang laid a solid foundation for the unfolding of the Battle of Muye and the completion of the great cause of "Jianshang". In politics, he actively cultivates morals and conducts good, enriches the people and enriches the country, expands talents, and develops production, resulting in "the cultivator on September 1 and the official Shilu, 関市, ridicule but not conquer, Zeliang is not forbidden, and the sinner is not ill." "The Qingming political situation.His policy of "being benevolent, respecting the elderly, being kind to the young, and courteous to the virtuous" has won widespread support and consolidated internal unity. While clarifying the internal affairs, he launched an active political and diplomatic offensive against Shang Zhou: he asked Shang Zhou to "remove the punishment", strive for relations with the country, and isolate Shang Zhou to the maximum. Wang Wen once handled the territorial disputes between Yu and Rui fairly, and also issued an decree of "the search for fugitive slaves" to protect the vested interests of the slave owners. Through these measures, King Wen expanded his political influence, disintegrated the Shang vassal, and won a major victory in the struggle to "cut diplomats". In dealing with the relationship between Shang and Zhou, the king of Wen was ostensibly obedient to the business, in order to paralyze the king. He once led the princes to pilgrimage to the king and showed him the so-called "loyalty." At the same time, he made great efforts in civil engineering, "line maids, hit the bell and drum", pretending to be greedy for prosperous, deceive King Zhou, induce him to relax his vigilance, and ensure that the preparations for the extermination of the business can proceed smoothly in secret.
After all the preparations were basically completed, King Wen, with the assistance of Lu Shang, formulated the correct military strategy for cutting down. The first step was to build a strategic encirclement to the Shang Capital Chaoge. For this reason, King Wen first deployed troops to the northwest and southwest, and successively conquered , Mixu, Ruan, Gong and other Fangguo , eliminating the worries of the future. Then, organized military forces to develop eastward, cross the Yellow River east, and successively wiped out important vassal states of Li, Han, Chong and other merchants, and opened the way for attacking the capital of Shang Dynasty-Chaoge. At this point, Zhou has been in a favorable situation of "one-third of the world has two", and it is only a matter of time before the cut-off of the business.
King Wen passed away on the eve of the completion of the Shang Dynasty. His son Ji Fa succeeded to the throne and became the King of Zhou Wu. After he took the throne, he inherited his father's will, followed the established strategic policy, and stepped up to implement it: alliance with the princes in Mengjin (now northeast of Mengjin, Henan), sending spies to Chaoge, and preparing to wait for the opportunity to revitalize the division.
At that time, the king of Shang Zhou had already sensed the serious threat that Zhou people posed to him, and decided to use troops against Zhou. However, this planned military action was turned into vain due to the rebellion of the Dongyi people. To quell the rebellion of Dongyi ,King Zhou mobilized his troops to attack Dongyi with all his strength, resulting in a huge emptiness of troops on the western front. At the same time, the contradictions within the ruling clique of the Shang Dynasty became incandescent. Shang Chong used to resist remonstrance, recklessly, and massacred the important officials of the royal family , imprisoned Jizi, and forced the trinity away. King Wu, Lu Shang and others seized this favorable opportunity and decided to take advantage of the emptiness and make a big cut to win in one battle.
In the first lunar month of 1027 BC (1057 BC), the king of Zhou Wu commanded 300 soldiers, 3,000 tigers, 45,000 soldiers, and marched into the east with great power. In the second half of the same month, Zhou Jun arrived in Mengjin, where he met the anti-commercial Yong, Lu, Peng, Pu, Shu (all living in the Han River Basin), Qiang, Wei (all living in the Weishui River Basin), Tiao (resident in Shanxi Province). Lu Nan) and other tribes from the Fang country joined forces. King Wu took advantage of the favorable situation of the return of the people in Shangdi to Zhou, led his headquarters and the Fang Guo tribal army that coordinated with him to fight, and quickly moved eastward from Mengjin under the rain on the 28th of the first month. After crossing the Yellow River from Bangdi (now , Bangshui Town, Xingyang, Henan), he went northward to Baiquan (now northwest of Huixian County, Henan), turning to the east, pointing directly to Chaoge. Zhou Shi did not encounter resistance from the merchants along the way, so he drove smoothly. After only 6 days of the journey, it was convenient for him to arrive at Muye at dawn on the fourth day of February.
The news of the Zhou army's attack spread to Chaoge, and the Shang court was panicked. King Shang Zhou had no choice but to hurriedly deploy defenses. But at this time, the main force of the merchant army was still far in the southeast and could not be immediately transferred back. So they had to arm a large number of slaves, together with the merchant army guarding the capital, a total of about 170,000 (one said 700,000, it is hard to believe), led by himself, went to Muye to fight against the Zhou division. In the early hours of the fifth day of February, the Zhou army completed the formation and solemnly swears to the teacher, historically known as " ." Before the battle, King Wu condemned King Zhou for listening to the slander of Ji Ji, not sacrificing ancestors, luring sinners and fugitive slaves, and cruelly torturing the people and many other crimes, thus inspiring the hostility and fighting spirit of the conscripts. Then, King Wu solemnly announced the operational requirements and military discipline in combat: every six or seven steps forward, he must stop taking all the steps in order to maintain the formation; every four, five, or six or seven stabbings, he must also Stop taking all of them to stabilize the position. Yan Shen was not allowed to kill the survivors in order to disintegrate the merchant army.
After swearing, King Wu ordered a general attack on the merchant army. He first made "Master Shangfu and Baifu Zhishi", that is, let Lu Shang lead a part of the elite assault troops to challenge the merchant army to contain and confuse the enemy and disrupt its position. The slaves and prisoners of war in the merchant army had a heart to King Wu, and at this time they revolted one after another, turned their spears, and helped Zhou Shuai fight. King Wu took advantage of the situation with the "big pawn (main force) rushing to the emperor's division," and violently rushed to kill the enemy. So the tens of thousands of merchants fell apart in an instant. Seeing the end of the situation, King Zhou fled back to Chaoge in a panic that night, and died on the deer platform and set himself on fire. Zhou Jun attacked by victory, captured Chaoge, and destroyed the Shang Dynasty. Afterwards, King Wu divided his troops and conquered all the vassals of the Shang Dynasty to eliminate the remnants of the Yin and Shang forces.
Zhou Jun's complete victory in the Battle of Makino is no accident. The first is the result of the long-term correct use of "cutting" and "cutting diplomatic relations" by Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang. It has a positive effect of winning people's hearts, flaying the enemy's wings, paralyzing the opponent, and establishing an anti-commercial united front. Secondly, it was the right time to choose the decisive battle, that is, when the main force of the Shang division expeditioned to the east and the inner part of the Shang dynasty fell apart, decisively led the princes' coalition forces to implement a strategic attack, so that the enemy was at a strategic and tactical disadvantage. Passive, not time for effective resistance. Third, start the pre-war oaths at the right time, go through the counts of the guilt, announce the essentials of combat operations and battlefield discipline, boost morale, and disintegrate the enemy. Fourth, in the battle command of the Muye decisive battle, he is good at using both odds and positives, and ingeniously and fiercely strikes the enemy, causing it to completely collapse in an instant.
Shangzhou King's rapid demise, the fundamental reason is naturally due to the political corruption of the Yin and Shang ruling group, rampant abuses, severe punishments and cruel laws, resulting in the loss of people's hearts, all betrayed and separated. The second is the long-term plundering war against the East, which weakened the power and caused an imbalance in military deployment. The third is that the rulers of Yin and Shang were not vigilant about the Zhou people's strategic intentions, they relaxed their guard, and suffered from their own evil consequences; the fourth is that they were passive in combat command and did nothing. Coupled with the uprising of the slaves in the army who were temporarily rushed to enlist, a counter-attack, its defeat will be inevitable.
The battle of Makino is a famous battle in the early days of the ancient car battle .It ended the 600-year rule of the Yin and Shang Dynasty, established the rule of the Zhou Dynasty over the Central Plains, paved the way for the full prosperity of the slavery ritual and music civilization in the Western Zhou , and exerted a profound influence on the development of later generations of history. . The strategy and combat art embodied in it are also of great significance to the development of ancient military thought.
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