Shujing Duanhui's Tongzhi Empress Xiaozheyi Empress

Shu Jing end Hui-wen Queen Xiao Zhe Queen Yi

Xiao Zhe Queen Yi (1854 July 25 Day - March 27, 1875), Arut's , the empress of Tongzhi, Mongolian Zhenglan Banner (later because of the seal, he carried the banner into the Manchu army with yellow banner), granddaughter of the great scholar Saishanga, Gu Ming, the eighth minister, Prince Zheng Duanhua's granddaughter, the third-class Cheng'en official household minister Chongqi's daughter, Gongsu imperial concubine niece.

Empress Alute of Xiaozheyi, a native of Zhenglan Banner, Mongolia, Xiuzhuan, lecturer of the Imperial Academy, daughter of Duke Chengen of the Third Class, and Minister of the Household Department of Tien Guan, Chongqi, deputy governor, former university scholar , The granddaughter of Sai Shang'a, minister of military aircraft, Emperor Xianfeng The granddaughter of Duanhua, the eighth minister of Gu Ming, Prince Zheng.

Arut was born on the first day of July in the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), 2 years older than Emperor Tongzhi. On the third day of the second lunar month in the eleventh year of Tongzhi (March 11, 1872), she was established as a queen, and she was married on September 14 (October 15) at the age of 19, two years older than Zaichun. In December of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), Emperor Dezong ascended the throne and was entrusted by the empress dowagers of the two palaces, and was named Jiashun Empress .

Queen Xiaozheyi has an aunt,Namely Gongsu Emperor's concubine , both concubines of the Tongzhi Emperor. According to legend, when choosing the queen, Empress Dowager Cixi meant the daughter of Fengxiu, and disliked the daughter of Chongqi, Empress Dowager Ci'an meant the daughter of Chongqi. Because Emperor Tongzhi also took a fancy to the Arut family, he followed Ci'an's intention and chose the Arut family. Therefore, Cixi did not like Arut from the day he was established. Later, I saw that Zaichun and the empress had a very close relationship and respected each other like a guest. The daughter of Fengxiu, who was named Concubine Hui, was often neglected. Cixi was even more angry and often interfered in the private life of the empress. Therefore, only in the unofficial history was the Arut family persecuted by Cixi. fatal statement. But these statements are not unreasonable. I am afraid that this poor girl will only understand how sinister the harem is when she dies.

After Emperor Tongzhi died of smallpox, Empress Arut was pregnant at the time, and Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to keep her status as Empress Dowager (if Arut gave birth to a son, she would become Empress Dowager, and she would be promoted to Emperor Taihuang) Empress Dowager Cixi will be forced to retreat behind the scenes, so the power will fall in the hands of Arut), so she is forced to commit suicide by taking medicine. Another unofficial story says: One day, when Empress Dowager Cixi punished Arut for trivial matters, she ordered the eunuch to clap. Slaps are the lowest punishment for women in the Qing Dynasty, and even palace maids may not be slapped. Empress Arut pleaded with Empress Dowager Cixi for this: “ Even if a concubine commits a serious crime, it is still from Great Qing Door The queen who has been carried into the palace, ask the Virgin to save face for her concubines! ” .

Daqingmen is the main gate of the Forbidden City.Only when the emperor enters and exits the Forbidden City, the third and third (the champion, the second place and the third flower) of the palace test leave the city, the Emperor Zigong of Daxing leaves the city to go to the mountain for burial, and the queen Fengyu of the emperor's wedding enters the Forbidden City, etc. on. Arut was the queen of the main palace. Of course, she was seated in the phoenix and carried into the palace by the Qingmen when she was married. The reason why Arut said this is to remind the Empress Dowager Cixi : " No matter how the concubine is a real queen, there is no reason to applaud! " . But this sentence is not in the ears of Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Dowager Cixi is the concubine of Emperor Xianfeng, her husband, and her status is far lower than that of Empress Dowager Ci'an, who is the queen of the palace. The etiquette and treatment are still inferior to Empress Dowager Ci'an. Therefore, the regret of the Empress Dowager Cixi in her life was that she did not enter the palace from the Great Qing Gate and never became an empress. Therefore, some of Arut's remarks made the Empress Dowager Cixi feel that she was mocking and mocking herself for not being the Empress of the Palace who came in through the Great Qing Gate.

The furious Empress Dowager Cixi was so angry that she didn't say much, and ordered the empress to be sent back to the palace. But from then on, Empress Dowager Cixi hated Arut even more.

After Zai Chun's death, because the Emperor Guangxu who succeeded him was a peer of Tongzhi, the Arut family could only be called the Empress instead of the Empress Dowager, with the emblem Empress Jiashun. In the first year of Guangxu, on February 20 of Yihai (March 27, 1875), Yin died immediately, more than 70 days after Mu Zong's collapse, and in May, the posthumous title was Xiaozhe Jiashun Shushen Xian Mingxiantian Zhang Shengyi Empress. In September, the Zigong Temple was temporarily located in Longfu Temple. On March 26 of the fifth year (April 17, 1879), he was buried with Emperor Tongzhi Huiling , and was promoted to the Taimiao Temple. In October of the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), Xuantong Emperor entered Mu Zong,In April of the first year of Xuantong (1909), the posthumous posthumous title was added, and the full posthumous title was: Xiaozhe Jiashun Shushen Xianming Gong Duan Xiantian Zhang Shengyi Queen.

On the fifth day of the 12th lunar month in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (January 12, 1875), Emperor Tongzhi died young. 14 days later, the Empress Dowagers of the two palaces issued a decree: "The queen will be the emperor of Daxing, hold Kunyi, and be the Queen of Jiashun." Xiugong, only twenty-two years old. There is only a simple record in "Draft of Qing History. The Chronicles of Muzong": "In the second month of the first year of Guangxu, Empress Arut died." There are two reasons why Arute died: First, there is no backer, and the road to life is uncertain. Emperor Tongzhi was the only support and hope of the Arut family. When Emperor Tongzhi was alive, he was still abused and humiliated by Cixi. When Emperor Tongzhi died, his backer also fell, and his hope of life was shattered. The second is the embarrassing situation. After the death of Emperor Tongzhi, Cixi did not establish an heir for him, but established Emperor Tongzhi's cousin Zai Tian (also Cixi's nephew) as the heir emperor and succeeded Emperor Xianfeng as his son, which placed the Arut family in the embarrassing situation of the emperor's sister-in-law. She is neither the empress dowager, but also loses the power and noble status that the empress of the central palace originally possessed. In the future, after Emperor Guangxu was established, the status of the Arut family will be even more embarrassing. This is a role that has never appeared since the Qing Dynasty, which objectively pushed the Arut family to a dead end. On the day of Arut's death, the queen mother of two palaces ordered the cabinet: "Empress Jiashun served as emperor of Daxing in the eleventh year of Tongzhi. Empress Dowager, Cheng Yan Shunzhi, filial piety, no violation of filial piety, in December last year, the emperor Long Yu of the Great Line of Dysmenorrhea was a guest, and the damage was too much, so she hugged Shen Wei, and died today, with deep sorrow." This is officially announced by the Qing court. Cause of death, but it is vague and unconvincing.

Since entering the palace, Mrs. Arut has always been cautious and without rudeness, but when Cixi saw her, she was always angry and found fault in everything. Emperor Tongzhi was ill, and Alute was anxious, but he did not dare to serve. Cixi blamed her for "the demon maid has no love between husband and wife". When Tongzhi was in critical condition, Mr. Arut stole a visit and wiped the pus and blood for Emperor Tongzhi with his own hands.At this time, you are still charming, and you must die, Erfuye? "Alute was in a dilemma, and no matter what he did, he couldn't get it right. According to " Chongling Chuanshu", once when Alute visited Emperor Tongzhi's illness, he confided in tears about being alone in the palace and preparing for Suffering from abuse, Emperor Tongzhi comforted her and said, "Be patient for a while, and you will have a bright future. "The words of the young couple were heard by Cixi, who followed and was eavesdropping. She was furious and rushed into the palace immediately, grabbed Arut's hair, beat and dragged her out, and threatened to prepare for the imperial concubine." Emperor Tongzhi who was on the hospital bed wanted to be rescued and couldn't help, and watched the empress being humiliated, anxious, angry and frightened, and fainted. Only then did Cixi forgive Arut.

Chong Yi wrote " "The Miscellaneous Notes on the Court and the Wilderness Since Daoxian" records: Once, Cixi had the idea of ​​abolishing the Empress Alute. So she summoned Prince Chun, the seventh younger brother of Emperor Xianfeng, who served as Emperor Xianfeng. Come and discuss this matter. Prince Chun said: "If you want to abolish the future, those who have entered through the gate of the Qing Dynasty cannot abolish those who have entered the gate of the Qing Dynasty, and the servants dare not follow orders. "Cixi gave up because she wanted to abolish the Alute family, but because of this she hated Prince Chun. , as long as she behaves properly and does it rightly, there is no need to be flattering or flattering. Moreover, she provoked and angered Cixi several times, intentionally or unintentionally, which made the conflict even more acute. When you look back at the drama, you don’t want to watch it, Cixi is tired of telling it, if you don’t obey, you already hate it.” First, Arut’s performance was disobedient and disobedient, and secondly, it contrasted that Cixi was lewd and vulgar in style, which deepened Because of her resentment against Arut, the people around Arut advised her to please Cixi everywhere, to be courteous. It said: "Respect is allowed, but not allowed. I was ordered by the ancestors of heaven and earth to be welcomed by the Great Qing Gate, and I cannot easily be shaken. "Cixi entered the palace through a draft girl, and it is most taboo for others to mention entering through the gate of the Qing Dynasty. The gate of the Qing Dynasty is a pain in her heart forever. Someone secretly told Cixi what Arut said,Cixi was furious, thinking that she was deliberately despising herself, so she "hatred even more, because she wanted to die".

There are other explanations as to why Cixi did not like Arut and finally drove her to a dead end.

Some people say that Alute is the granddaughter of Prince Zheng Duanhua. Duanhua was one of the main members of the eight ministers of government affairs appointed by Emperor Xianfeng when he was dying. Cixi thus moved to hate Arut.

Some people also said that when Cixi heard that Arut was pregnant, she was afraid that she would give birth to a prince. (To be tested)

Others say that Cixi put her to death because she was afraid that the Arut family would reveal the secret that she violated the imperial edict of the Tongzhi Emperor.

Arut's is only 22 years old. He is usually not sick, how could he suddenly die? Obviously not a normal death. There were different opinions about how she died at the time, and there was no consensus. To sum up, there are four kinds of sayings:

swallow gold and die This kind of statement is more extensive and has a greater impact.

dies on hunger strike "The Chronicle of Mr. Li Hongzao" states: "The subsequent collapse is covered by hunger strikes." The Chronology of the Qing Dynasty and the Notes of Yongxu also hold this view.

Swallow opium and die The Chronicle of the Qing Dynasty holds this view.

Died by taking poison "Dezong Chengtong Private Discipline" records this. Either way, it is suicide. It is said that before Arut's suicide, her father, Chong Qi, visited her in the palace. Seeing that her daughter washed her face with tears all day, her eyes were swollen from crying, and she played Cixi, asking for instructions on what to do. Cixi said: "The empress is so grieved, she can go with the emperor." This means that the empress can sacrifice her husband. At this time, it happened that her daughter wrote a note asking her what to do, and Chongqi approved the word "death" on the note. Not long after, Arut died.

In the overseas uncut version of the movie " Generation Queen", there is such a scene: Empress Arut wanted to hang herself because she could not bear the persecution of her vicious and cruel mother-in-law Cixi. She committed suicide, but did not want to be caught by Cixi's eyeliner. She was caught in the theater. After Cixi heard it, although she was shocked, she still punished the queen cruelly. In the end, the queen was hanged by her evil mother-in-law Cixi on the stage and fell from a place more than tens of meters. Come down and fall to your death. Later Li Hanxiang director felt that this scene was too bloody, and changed it to: Empress Jiashun died in Chuxiu Palace. Although this is fabricated, it can be seen that Cixi is extremely ruthless.

"The Great Eunuch" Arut Baoyin Arut died, because Emperor Tongzhi's Huiling had just chosen auspicious construction, so she and Tongzhi Emperor's Zigong temporarily settled in Longfu Temple in Dongling. On September 18, the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), Emperor Guangxu personally escorted Zigong to Longfu Temple in Dongling by Empress Dowager Cixi, where it was parked for three and a half years.

Build a tomb. According to the national custom of the feudal society, after the new emperor ascended the throne, he should choose auspicious places for ten thousand years and build a mausoleum. However, during the 13 years of Emperor Tongzhi's reign, the Huiling Mausoleum, where Empress Xiaozheyi and Emperor Tongzhi were buried together, never mentioned the matter of the mausoleum.It was not until Emperor Tongzhi died and was anxious to be buried that Cixi had to send ministers to choose the mausoleum site for Emperor Tongzhi in the East Tomb and the West Tomb. Minister Xiangdu and Fengshui officials traveled through the mountains and rivers of Dongling and Xiling in more than two months. After repeated comparison and screening, they finally believed that the feng shui of Shuangshanyu in Dongling and Jiulongyu in Xiling were the best. The Shuangshanyu of Dongling is full of dragons, the halls are wide and flat, the Luocheng is well-organized, and the barriers are complete. "There is a big mountain in the back, and Jinxing Mountain in the front. There is Wanfu Mountain on both sides of Jinxing Mountain facing to the left, and Xiangshan standing on the right." "It is a really good place."

On February 23, the twelfth year of Guangxu's reign (1886), Cixi summoned Minister Xiangdu. Empress Dowager Cixi inquired about the situation of the mausoleum of Xiangdu in detail, and Prince Gong Yi Ao gave an echo. Finally, the focus is on whether to use Shuangshanyu in Dongling or Jiulongyu in Xiling. Cixi asked the ministers of Xiangdu for their opinions, and Yi Yi replied: "With reason, Jiulongyu will be solid; with love, the minister will not dare to speak under the prospect of Huiling ( Xu Guangyuan))." The intention of Shuangshanyu should be used. The "li" mentioned by Yi Yi refers to the system of "Zhao Mu Xiangjian" stipulated by Emperor Qianlong . According to this system, Emperor Xianfeng was buried in Dongling, and Emperor Tongzhi should be buried in Xiling. The "feeling" mentioned by Yida refers to the love between father and son, and the love between mother and son. The Dingling of Emperor Xianfeng and the Boduoyu Dingdongling of Cixi were both built in the Dongling. Yi Ao is very smooth and good at words. He clearly prefers to choose Shuangshanyu, but he said that "the ministers dare not speak", intending to let Cixi make her own decisions and avoid the crime of undermining the "Zhao Mu Xiangjian" system. What a shrewd person Cixi was, she immediately understood Yiya's thoughts and immediately decided to designate the Shuangshanyu in Dongling as the site of Huiling Mausoleum. Appointed Prince Chun Yi Ao, Censor Kuiling of Zuodu, Minister of Household Ronglu Ronglu , Assistant Minister of Science and Technology Weng Tonghe as ministers for repairing, and broke ground at noon on March 12, the first year of Guangxu (1875).Work started at noon on the third day of the eighth lunar month. After three years of intense construction, in September of the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), all workers in Huiling, Huifei Garden, the Ministry of Rites, the Eight Banners, the Office of Internal Affairs, and the barracks were all employed. Done. Although Huiling's regulations are inferior to those of the previous Qing emperor's mausoleum, its wood is hard and precious nanmu wood, so Huiling is known as "copper beams and iron pillars".

The burial of the Empress. After the Qin Tianjian selected auspiciousness, it was scheduled that Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Xiaozhe would be buried in the underground palace of Huiling on March 26 in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879). On March 21, Guangxu Huiling cinnabar monument.

The emperor and the empress dowagers of the two palaces went to Dongling to attend the Feng'an ceremony of Emperor Tongzhi and his later emperors. On the 23rd, he arrived at Longfu Temple in Dongling and stayed there. On the twenty-fourth day, Emperor Tongzhi's Zigong and Empress Xiaozhe's Zigong were temporarily relocated to Huiling from Longfu Temple. After Emperor Guangxu knelt down, he went from the road to Huiling. After looking at Fangcheng, Minglou and the underground palace, Yu Shenke knelt down to welcome Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Xiaozhe from Zigong to Huiling. Both Zigongs were parked in the Longen Hall on inside. On the 25th day of the third month, Emperor Guangxu moved to the Zigong Palace in front of the Tongzhi Emperor and his later emperors, and then moved the Liangzigong to the Reed Hall in front of Fangcheng, and enshrined it on the dragon carriage. On the 26th, Empress Xiaozhe Zigong was buried in the underground palace along with the Zigong of Emperor Zhi. Emperor Tongzhi's Zigong was placed in the middle of the coffin bed, and Empress Xiaozhe's Zigong was placed beside Tongzhi's left (east) side, with the coffin head facing north and the coffin tail facing south. The posthumous titles and posthumous treasures of Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Xiaozhe were placed on the jewel seats on the left and right sides of the underground palace before they were buried in Zigong. After the ministers left the underground palace, the imperial concubine Dunyi (namely, Concubine Hui Fucha) and others entered the underground palace to respect Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Xiaozhe Zigong. There may be Concubine Yu Concubine Hesheli, Concubine Xun, and Concubine Xilin Jue Luo who accompanied Dun Yihuang into the underground palace. They said their final farewell to their husbands, Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Arut. The four widows of Emperor Tongzhi, when Emperor Tongzhi died, the oldest Concubine Yu was 19 years old, and the youngest concubine Fucha (Concubine Hui) was only 16 years old. long widowed life. After the imperial concubine Dunyi and others left the underground palace,In front of the stone altar, worship is like a ritual. The stone gate of the underground palace was closed, and the funeral was completed.

The underground palace was stolen. The first big robbery case in Tangling that shocked both China and foreign countries occurred in July 1928. The warlord Sun Dianying robbed the Emperor Qianlong's Yuling Underground Palace and Cixi Mausoleum Underground Palace. In August 1945, After Japan surrendered , some bandits and lawbreakers in Tanglin area took advantage of the turbulent situation and the chaos of regime change to create the second grand robbery in Tanglin. The tombs stolen this time include the Jingling of Emperor Kangxi, the Dingling Mausoleum of Emperor Xianfeng, the Mausoleum of Huiling and Ci'an Mausoleum of Emperor Tongzhi (Puxiangyu Dingdong Mausoleum). There were so many tombs stolen and the losses were more serious than last time.

According to the World Daily on April 22 in the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946): "In the 34th month of December, the three tombs of the Qing Dynasty were stolen. 1. Tongzhi Huiling and two coffins. 1 Tongzhi, accompanied by his concubine, the corpse is as vivid as life. In front of the golden coffin, there is a Tongzhi green seal and a gold watch on the table. Jewelry, jade, metal and other items inside and outside the coffin are packed in sacks, and then measured and divided by incense burners. The gold is about approx. More than 20 catties."

According to the "North China Daily" on May 29 in the 35th year of the Republic of China, "the confession of the Huiling robber is abbreviated: in November of the 34th year, under the command of the commander, The villagers were recruited to excavate the Huiling Mausoleum, and the Shimen Gate was blasted open with explosives. There were four shelves on the first floor, which were arranged on both sides. One side was the emperor's green seal, the queen's green seal, and the other was books and printing plates. , There is nothing on the third floor. There are two coffins on the fourth floor. Use an axe and hammer to split the coffins. From the imperial coffin, take out half a catty heavy gold ink box, one piece of gold gossip that weighs four taels, and white beads on the four sides of the American gift to go. A half-year gold watch, Chaozhu two strings of white robes, two strings of twenty-four white beads, one green finger, one gold brazier, one green smoke bag. Take out a phoenix crown and a white jade bracelet from the back coffin , gold bracelets each pair, a string of jade, pearl, agate and wooden chao beads, each weighing three taels of gold and nine consecutive rings,One phoenix hairpin, one agate wrench, one gold-encrusted white bead ring, one emerald card, one long emerald hairpin, and other sporadic items cannot be counted. ”

The grave goods in the coffin of Empress Xiaozhe and the coffin of Emperor Tongzhi were all stolen.

After the theft of Huiling, because Dongling was in an unmanaged state at the time, the robbery continued. It was not until 1952 when Qingdong Mausoleum established the cultural relics storage center. Since the entrance of the cave was not blocked for a long time, many local people went to see it in the underground palace. There is a local legend: the corpse of the empress in Huiling underground palace is a little bit. She was not rotten, but her face was as vivid as life. She was stripped naked, her stomach was cut open, and her intestines flowed all over the place. It is widely rumored in the society that this empress swallowed gold to death. Again. Poor Empress Arut. This is what happened a hundred years after her death.

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