Guide: After the severe winter to welcome the sun and spring, the Northern Dynasties' political, economic, social, and military transformations have all been diligently irrigating the old stems and branches that restored the traditional Chinese culture and blooming new flowers. In contrast with the Southern Dynasties, progressive and conservative, cutting-edge and corrupt, the northern advantage became more obvious as it progressed. When the Sui Dynasty finally took over the Northern Dynasties, the great historical moment of unifying the South from the North finally arrived. A new Han, full of new vitality and new hope, with a qualitative and vigorous atmosphere, and China became famous for its most splendid Chinese culture with the end of the Great Secession, such as the Tang Dynasty, a world-wide Han empire in the middle of Japan, flourishing one after another.
In the nearly three hundred years since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, China has fallen into a quagmire of great chaos and great division. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, which inherited the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Song Qiliang, the Chen Nan Dynasty regime, represented China in terms of legal system, and its culture was more prosperous than the Northern Hu-Han coalition regime dominated by the Five Hus, but why did the North, which was the first to be turbulent and long-term chaotic and divided, unified instead To the whole of China?
Tracing back to its roots, the serious symptoms of chaos and division in China from the fourth to sixth centuries were not sudden but gradually formed in the second half of the second century. In other words, the pre-symptoms have lasted for more than a century, and then aggravated again when the treatment did not recover, and appeared as the same as the situation after the fourth century. This period is already China's unified national power or Chinese culture as a whole has been scratched and destroyed from the foundation . Therefore, recovery cannot only rely on unilateral political and military forces, and still will be rebuilt after the foundation stone of the strong Chinese culture and economy is restored ,This is one of the basic understandings.
The second basic understanding. For historical and traditional Chinese culture, was actually a variant of during the split. The South inherited the rapid decline of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty since the end of the second century, and developed into the essence represented by the so-called Southern Dynasties culture or the Six Dynasties culture, which is negative, exaggerated, and obscure . On the other hand, the responsibility for protecting the lifeline of traditional Chinese culture and rebuilding orthodoxy must be borne by the chaotic and divided North.
"Wang Meng talks about the world" picture, the most famous politician of this period Wang Meng rejected the Eastern Jin Huanwen and chose to assist the former Qin Fujian
The races of the original nomads, from accepting Sinicization to taking up the responsibility of restoring Confucian guidance, are in contrast to the South, and are compatible with the mixed Han-Hu ancestry of the new Han , and it appears as history. Two sides of development. If China is reunified, the main line must be in the north.
The third basic understanding, historical circles generally use five chaos to explain the climax of the chaotic period of only destruction and less construction. This conclusion needs to be revised. Wuhu "chaos in China" is not the same behavior as entering the Han environment, but is the consequence of the settlement of the Han environment and Sinicization to a considerable extent.The Wuhu in the "Lanhua" period is no longer a barbarian, and the Luanhua cannot all be regarded as barbarism or destruction of the whole line. This is in the official history book of Han China " Jinshu" , Also did not obliterate the facts.
The Wuhu Sixteen Kingdoms Grand scene unfolds, The various founding figures and their descendants Molecules are also educated and present themselves as outstanding cultural figures. For the historical evolution of the past three centuries, there is also a close relationship between the reunification of China and the connection of its era.
Liu Yuan and other leaders of the Wuhu tribe who were formerly enshrined by the Jin Dynasty took advantage of the chaos
"Book of Jin" against the original 18 strong Huns who were the first to become independent in the span of the Yellow River Span2span_strong Han Guo Three generations of five rulers, once each had the following education instructions: Founder Liu Yuan , the character Yuanhai, "Xi Maoshi, Jing Shi Yi, Ma Shi Shang Shu, Especially the Chuanqiu Zuo Family Biography. Sun Wu The art of war, which can be recited briefly. History and Han scholars, all have a comprehensive overview".
However, there are greedy, arrogant, wicked, or savage executioners and thugs among the literati who read and receive education. The original nomadic leaders when they changed their temperament are no different. Unfortunately, Wuhu countries often have the nouveau riche character in the second generation. Even though the brutal image of , after Zhao , the third emperor , Stone Tiger , there is still no Dao in Jinshu, although it is quite faint. "Mu Jingxue, Dr. Guozi ordered Luoyang to write the stone scripture" and other kind-hearted accounts.
only because they have not yet matured their experience in learning Chinese politics , so hope rises and destroys, and destruction rises again. The floating history of their seems to be a scene of construction and destruction, civilization and barbarism alternate is very short. As a result, the time for China's reunification will be delayed until the stability of the Northern Dynasties has stabilized.
The former Qin who unified the North and started operating the Western Regions
The late Sixteen Kingdoms period, followed by 1 strong18 _strong 1span1 strong 18 _strong span21span And then split to expand,Political contradictions deepened following the same trajectory in the previous period, and split again, and most of the countries that appeared appeared collapsed and weakened . At this stage, the relatively stable possibility of unification in the north has gradually matured due to the leveling of the "country" forces and the exhaustion of each other . However, the power of unification does not come from any of these countries, and although it has grown up in the Wuhu trend, it is not one of the "sixteen countries". It has long been standing in the northernmost part of China and the chaos in the northernmost part of China with the least loss of human and material resources Northern Wei .
The southern dynasty is famous in history for its cultural prosperity, and politics and the period under the leadership of the Wuhu monarchs assimilated by the Han culture, span1_span2 is no different. Regarding this level, if Han centrism and Han arrogance cannot be discarded and recognized in a fair and objective manner, it will be impossible to correctly understand Chinese history. At the very least, as to why the future unification of China will be the Northern Dynasties instead of the Southern Dynasties, which inherited the Wuhu situation, the interpretation will be distracted, far-fetched, and contradictory.
Liang, the successor of Qi in the Southern Dynasties, was the first generation of the founding of the country during the 55th and 47th years Wudi ruled the world. Liang Wudi ascended the throne at the age of thirty-nine and died at the age of 86. He was the longest and longest-lived emperor in the Southern Dynasties. His governance truly developed into the Southern Dynasty or the Eastern Jin Dynasty, including the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The most stable and prosperous economic and cultural golden age of the Jiangnan regime:
Enlightened pacifism, vigorously promotes the rule of culture, rewards academics and art, politically gathers capable and educated talents to participate in the new government, and strives for the preparation of the legal system; Economically protect farming, reduce rent and tax, resettle exiled farmers, sort out the currency system, and issue new powerful and high-quality legal tender; for education, five schools are opened, and the state provides students with public funds. passed the national examination and was appointed as an official The system of must be paid special attention to. This examination-appointment was linked to Emperor Wu's pioneering work. It was worthy of attention in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it was determined as the imperial examination system for talents to understand the rule of long-term success.
Bodhisattva Emperor Liang Wu and Bodhidharma Patriarch
Liang Wu is worthy of a generation of sages. It is a pity that is too late in the north-south antagonism was established a hundred years ago.
Northern Wei Dynasty The initial establishment of the Tuoba country,The original five-hu and one link, and the extension of the "chaotic China" trend. During the founding of the country, three successive generations of talented and strategic monarchs reigned, as well as their successor emperors, who were able to work diligently, finally surpassed the five-hu style national prototype, successfully unified the north, and entered the dignified great power category. Therefore, in the Southern Song Dynasty and Qizhi-the period of ups and downs, established the absolute advantage of North-South confrontation . The Xianbei leadership and the Han people hand in hand The unique strong combat power, unity power, and organizational power under are all conditions for superiority.
And basically, northern China is fragmented after a hundred years, The contradiction of a single Chinese humanistic environment has diminished to disappear over time . The Tuoba Department approached the chaos. finally intervened at the end of , and it was logical to take the last shot, this one.
The second is related to the Xianbei people of Tuoba The amazing absorption and speed of Han culture . The Northern Wei Dynasty followed the five-hu sixteen-nation Hu-Han coalition formula which appeared in history. The Qinghe clan Cui Hong, Cui Hao , the father and son of Confucianism, the Emperor Wudi and the Emperor Mingyuan The three generations of Emperor Taiwu are highly respected,As a political and military instructor and consultant, as well as the emperor's education teacher, the most powerful person.
Cui Hao was implicated and killed by the "prison of national history"
The establishment of the Northern Wei State Ruling Organization, the formulation of laws and regulations, and the restoration of the great cause of industrial development and productivity in the North The planning of the Cui family is centered. In the end of the Cui clan, he was guilty of being too powerful, and he was punished by five clans, including , Fanyang Lu clan , Taiyuan Guo clan, and Hedong Liu clan. But immediately there was Bohai Gao Yun (390-487) with in 50 years, he was the central figure of the five emperors , and he was the central figure of the Han Chinese group. Only not frustrated, but getting stronger and stronger.
Han people are willing to cooperate with Hu people, pursues lofty political ideals and have both realistic expectations to maintain vested interests . Regarding the Hu people who have gained the right to rule, although they have already accepted Han-style civilization and Sinicization in the Han environment, the administrative experience of ruling including advanced Han is not enough, and the behavior of ruling is the main body.It is highly technical and artistic. Therefore, the domination of Hu people must have a combined polity of Hu-Han. Especially with regard to the county, is inseparable from the power of the native tyrants , the Wuhu era must be dominated by the tyrants, and later Zhao Shile is best at using this relationship. The Hu people's monarch is still the same in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
means that the local politics in the form of the Hu-Han coalition regime, the main body is especially all Han people, and it has not changed from the era of the Han regime. The upper-level ruling net built by the Hu Ji leaders in the changes can't be separated from the Han people's cooperation. Politically, the wealthy Han people in the Northern Wei Dynasty, , on the one hand, acted as the instructor of re-sinicization and re-education of the Sinicized Xianbei, and on the other hand, it is noticeable that it follows the South, with its social status, economic potential, and political firmness. Combine, and cast the family form . In other words, clan this particular class, in the Northern and Southern Dynasties era has been common in the north and south of China .
The founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the formation of the opposition between the Northern and Southern Dynasties,An interesting text lawsuit arises. Southern dynasty The old custom of the Yixianbei tribe uses cable braided hair, called the Northern Wei Dynasty "suolu" _strong_strong_2 2 strong_strong_span2 refers to the Southern Dynasty as "Dao Yi" , as shown in the biographical styles of " Song Book" and " Wei Book".
The interpretation of "captive" is limited to robbers or captives. "Yi" and "Di" are all terms given by the Han nationality and despise non-Han nationality as barbarians. This is only used by the Han nationality. The word "yi", which was originally called the appropriate word, was used by the Northern Wei Dynasty to guide the dynasty , which shows how the Xianbei of the Northern Wei Dynasty, who participated in the Han society and were greatly influenced by the northern clan, the trustees of teaching power, have ideologically and substantially Transform oneself into Han nationality. In the fifth century, the Xianbei of the Northern Wei Dynasty could only retain the symbolic and inherent national appellation, and the essence of life and culture was indistinguishable from that of the Han.(Unfinished)
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