There are many records and legends about Xiaozhuang, both official and unofficial history.
"The Secret History of Xiaozhuang", "Kangxi Dynasty" and other classic film and television dramas are more interpreted, but the story is also a story, and some truths are still confusing, such as:
Does she really fall in love with Dorgon's childhood sweetheart? Does she marry Dorgon after being respected as the queen mother?
Today we will talk about the real Xiaozhuang in history.
Married at the age of 13 and became Khan King Fujin
孝庄本名布木布泰, born in the 41st year of Ming Wanli (1613), she was Mongolian Horqin The second daughter of Bubel Zhaisang, who received a good education since childhood, can speak both Mongolian and Chinese.
When she was 13 years old, the four belle Huang Taiji of the late Jin Dahan Nurhachi, in order to consolidate the alliance with Horqin, came to Zhaisang’s house to visit, and was visited by her niece (Bumubutai’s Aunt Zhezhe was attracted by Huang Taiji's appearance and proposed to marry him.
One month later, Wu Keshan, the eldest son of Zhaisangpai, sent Bu Mubutai to his marriage with Huang Taiji.
Huang Taiji was greeted with a feast in the northeast hill of Liaoyang. Nurhachi led the concubine, Baylor, and ministers to travel 10 miles outside the city of Liaoyang. From then on, Bumubutai established Huangtaiji's side Fujin.
In the eleventh year of Destiny (1626), Nurhachi was wounded in battle, and died soon afterwards. Huang Taiji won the battle for the Khan position. After inheriting the Han Dynasty, he changed his name to Tian Satoshi.
In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), Emperor Taiji entered the Central Plains and changed the country name to Qing and the reign of Yuan Chongde. After ascending to the throne of the emperor, he moved the capital to Shengjing (now Shenyang), 布Mubutai was named the concubine of Yongfu Palace, the last of the five concubines.
Because Concubine Zhuang studied hard in history books since childhood and was extremely intelligent. At a young age, she was able to put forward her own unique insights into some of the policy mistakes made by the former Khan King Nurhachi, and later all her advice was adopted by Huang Taiji, laying the foundation for the Qing Dynasty to unify the whole world:
用和优待汉官;
Imitate the official system of the Ming Dynasty, reform the central organization, and set up six departments;
"Leadership Regulations", "Fleeing Persons Law", etc. Improve the status of Manchu and Han slaves and ease the Manchu and Han people contradiction.
After marriage, he gave birth to 3 princesses for Huang Taiji in a row. In the first month of the third year of Chongde (1638), he gave birth to the emperor Fu Lin, which means "Fu comes from heaven".
The emperor nine sons Fulin was born and became the empress dowager at the age of 31
Before Huang Taiji became emperor, there were five princes:
The eldest son, Hauge, was born in 1609 and was named "Prince Su". His mother was the Ulanala clan of the Ulla family of the Nurchen family of the step-consort Haixi.
The second son, Luo Ge, was born in 1611 and died at the age of 11.
Three sons of Gebohui, born in 1611, died at the age of 7.
The four-child Ye Bushu, born in 1627, was named "Fu Guo Gong" and his mother was the concubine Yan Zha.
The five sons Shuosai, born in 1629, was named "Prince Chengzeyu", and his mother was the concubine Haixi Nuzhen Yehebe Yehenala.
When he proclaimed the emperor, the five concubines did not have children. From 1628 to 1637, no prince was born, only 8 princes were born. In these years, everyone of the emperor and concubine They are all looking forward to Godsend Liner.
163In the seventh year (the second year of Chongde), on July 8, Donggong Dafu Jin Hailanzhu gave birth to a son: the eighth son.
The birth of the prince made the 45-year-old Huang Taiji very excited. Why?
Because of this year, Huang Taiji finally "has a long drought in the rain", won three princes a year, and his favorite Hailanzhu also gave birth to eight princes.
The mother is expensive with the child, and the mothers of the other two princes have no names, but Hailanzhu is the love of Huang Taiji.
It is a pity that this eighth elder brother was not yet one year old. In the third year of Chongde (1638) on the 28th of the first month, he suffered from smallpox and died.
At this time, Princess Yongfu Gongzhuang (Xiaozhuang) has been pregnant for 11 months and has exceeded the expected date of delivery.
She has three daughters first. For the fourth child, Xiaozhuang hopes to have a son.
On the third day of the death of the eighth son (at 8 o'clock in the evening on the 30th of the first month), the blessing of the nine sons came.
On August of the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Huang Taiji suddenly died, and there was another battle for the throne.
The eldest son of the emperor Su, Prince Hauge, and the fourteenth brother of Huang Taiji, Prince Dorgon, are at war. Concubine Zhuang knows that Fulin, who is only 6 years old, has no competitiveness at all, and she is watching the changes.
Finally, in order to avoid civil strife and compromise, the princes and ministers agreed:
Fulin will succeed to the throne, and Fulin’s money will be regent by Dorgon and Zirharang. Co-administration of state affairs.
The widow’s door is full of right and wrong, which became the beginning of various versions of the "love story" between Xiaozhuang and Dorgon.
The 31-year-old widow assists the 6-year-old young master to become a Mingjun
Fulin ascended the throne, and the 31-year-old Zhuang Fei became the Empress of Xiaozhuang . Because of the posthumous posthumous title of Emperor Wen, Xiaozhuang was also called the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang Wen.
Since then, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang has stepped onto the political stage.
In the 16th year of Ming Chongzhen (1643), a peasant rebel army led by Li Zicheng captured Yanjing (now Beijing), Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished.
When the news reached Shengjing, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang made a decisive decision and suggested that the regent Dorgon led all the soldiers and horses of the Qing Dynasty to enter the customs in a big way, aspiring to the Central Plains, and fulfilling the wishes of Qing Taizu Nurhachi and Qing Taizong Huang Taiji.
Xiaozhuang warned Dorgon many times:
After entering the customs, we must be strict in military discipline and win the hearts of the people.
After Dorgon merged with Wu Sangui to wipe out Li Zicheng, he soon occupied Beijing.
On October 19th of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang took Fu Lin and hundreds of civil and military officials to leave Shengjing, enter the Forbidden City, and live in Cining Palace.
Here, she personally assisted Fulin to become the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains.
She chose an educated Minister of Manchu and Han Dynasty to serve as a teacher for Fulin, "to make the Hanlin official a consultant, the book of scriptures and history, the book is not to be released".
At that time, every time Fulin went to the harem to greet the Queen Mother, "Jun Chang knelt to be taught."
In order to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, she named "Uncle Regent" for Dorgon's contribution to the Central Plains.
She also accepted the suggestion of the Ming Dynasty to surrender the Qing Han officials Hong Chengchou and Fan Wencheng, and advised Dorgon:
is at the core of the Manchu nobility Under the premise of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty regime, the use of Ming Dynasty civil officials and military commanders;
promulgated the "Regent of the Qing Dynasty", abolished the late Ming Dynasty Liao payment, salaries, training payments and various taxes, corvee, etc. , To reduce the burden on farmers.
These are all stable in the early Qing DynastyIt played an important role in setting the political situation and developing the economy.
At this time, Dorgon's power is in the hands of the opposition, but he excludes dissidents, forms a party to gain power, and even has the ambition of abandoning the emperor to stand on his own. Empress Xiaozhuang saw in her eyes, she did not fail to compromise.
In December of the 5th year of Shunzhi (1648), he suggested that Emperor Shunzhi should respect Dorgon as the "father" regent, and that Emperor Shunzhi issued an edict to seal it, so that Dorgon's conspiracy did not succeed.
This is the legend of "The Queen Mother Marries Dorgon".
Does Xiaozhuang and Dorgon have love?
In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Dorgon died in the outskirts of Hebei.
In order to win over the forces of the two white flags of Dorgon, Xiaozhuang arranged to govern the kings, Baylor, and the ministers of civil and military affairs to be 5 miles away from Dongzhimen, the realm of Dorgon. Dagon coffin.
Six days later, Emperor Shunzhi also named Dorgon "Emperor of Honesty and Respect" with the temple name "Chengzong".
At the same time Xiaozhuang asked Shunzhi to do three things:
1. Vigorously support ministers who are loyal to the emperor, and show favor to the Eight Banners princes and ministers, noble titles, promotion rewards;
2. Many unjust cases persecuted by Dorgon are rehabilitated, and the title and office are restored; (for example, to rehabilitate Hauge and make his son Prince Heshuo and Minister of Political Affairs.)
3. Reuse the picture of the wise and brave minister of Manchuria Lai, Sony, Nibilong, Obhai, Baha, Suksaha, etc., received the support of the princes and ministers to Emperor Shunzhi.
Therefore, the love between Xiaozhuang and Dorgon's childhood sweetheart in "The Secret History of Xiaozhuang" is indeed very beautiful, but the reality is indeed:
The house of the emperor, how can you love children?
How powerful is the Queen Mother of Xiaozhuang? Really 10,000 Dorgon had to serve her.
First, let’s take a look at her mother’s family, the Mongolian noble Horqin tribe:
In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), she will choose her daughter and eldest brother Wu Keshan, the daughter of Prince Choliktu As a queen, unfortunately because of incompatibility with Emperor Shunzhi, she was relegated to Jingfei 3 years later.
In the second year, Xiaozhuang summoned his two nieces and two granddaughters of the second brother Chahanjun to the palace and sealed his sister as 孝惠章Queen , sister is Shuhui Concubine.
In order to maintain the aristocratic status of the Borzijit clan of Horqin Mongolia, she married three of her own princesses to the Mongolian nobles.
Second, let’s see how she wins over Han officials:
In the 9th year of Shunzhi (1652), Han Dingnan King Kong Youde was martyred for the Qing Dynasty fighter, and the Queen Mother Xiaozhuang took him His daughter Kong Sizhen stayed by her side and was named Heshuogge.
In the ten years of Shunzhi (1653), in order to win over the forces of Wu Sangui, she married the 14 daughters of Huang Taiji and Princess Shuo Kechun to Wu Yingxiong, the son of Wu Sangui. (Here I will mention "Princess Huaiyu", "The Deer Ding Ji" and other Jianning princesses are purely deductive.
This trick is really good, and it conquered most of the Han generals allegiance to the court. It can be said that it was later Kangxi The suppression of the "San Francisco Rebellion" laid a good mass foundation.
Three. She bends herself to assist the young master, and saves the country many times in the precarious time:
To her son Fulin, she personally wrote a motivational advice:
"Do not be extravagant, be lofty, diligent and inquisitive, punishing and refraining from playing."
The young emperor sometimes has impetuous temperament. In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), Nanming Zheng Chenggong besieged Jiangning (now Nanjing) , Vowed to pacify Jiangnan and take Beijing directly.
news came, the government and the opposition were shocked.
Shunzhi Emperor was panicked and even proposed to abandon Beijing and retreat outside the customs. The Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang sternly said:
"How can the ancestor's inheritance be easily ruined?"
Emperor Shunzhi was deeply ashamed, and finally pulled out his sword to attack a few cases, and declared that he would go to the court. .
The son was so irritable, Xiaozhuang finally calmly reacted, let the emperor stay in Beijing to take command, grasp the current situation, and finally the Jiangning crisis was resolved.
孝庄太皇皇后
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Emperor Shunzhi died less than a month after the death of his beloved Dong E. (Death or a monk is still a mystery. The official history records the death of acne disease.)
Before the death of Emperor Shunzhi, most of the princes were young. It is urgent for who will inherit the throne. Xiao Zhuang listened to the German Tang Ruowang who served in the Qing court. Admonishment:
"Sange Xuanye had smallpox and is immune and suitable for succession."
is only 8 years old Xuan Ye succeeded to the throne, renamed Kangxi, and respected Xiaozhuang as the Queen Mother, she was 48 years old this year.
In order to cultivate Kangxi’s ability to govern the country, she wrote a precept for her grandson:
"In ancient times, he was called the emperor in difficulty, and the common people are the most common. Hope, we must think deeply and gain the way of winning the country, so that within the four seas, Kangfu will reach Kangfu, and the history will be counted without boundaries."
Under the guidance of the old grandmother, Kangxi’s youth was "" Knowing (working hard), learning, reading, addicted to calligraphy, and paying attention to classics, he was overworked, bloody in his sputum, and did not drop out." What does
mean?
are coughing up blood, are you still studying hard? !
In this way, Kangxi became one of the few diligent and studious emperors in history.
The Queen Mother not only used traditional education methods, she also focused on absorbing advanced Western culture to cultivate Kangxi, and hired foreigners with contemporary scientific knowledge to the palace to teach Kangxi Various scientific knowledge.
taught Kangxi with German Tang Ruowang, Italian Li Leisi, Portuguese Anwens, Belgian Nan Huairen , etc., awarded astronomy, mathematics, geography, painting and medicine Wait for the course.
Emperor Kangxi asked Nan Huairen to design a light artillery suitable for combat in mountainous areas, which showed great power in the peace of the "San Francisco Rebellion".
On December 25th, the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi (1687), Xiaozhuang passed away at the age of 75.
Before his death, he and she left a last word: Not to be buried with Huang Taiji, I hope to stay next to my children and grandchildren.
Xiaozhuang's life began when he walked out of the Horqin grassland in Inner Mongolia at the age of 13. He has assisted his young master twice through the four dynasties. He has worked hard for the Qing Dynasty throughout his life. He is extremely frugal in his later years. He used his frugal 80,000 silver to support his grandson. cause. She has been fighting with a bunch of outstanding men all her life. She spent more than 60 years in the Qing palace alone. It can be said that she has made great contributions to the establishment and consolidation of the Qing regime and was hailed as the "Mother of the Qing Dynasty" by future generations.
Xiaozhuang’s life has been in danger many times, but she has never failed.
Therefore, when I met Xiaozhuang, a savvy politician, a Dorgon was really no opponent.
"Women in the Qing Dynasty Palace" ￥35
Buy
a3a0b0#
