导读
In 652, the third year of Yonghui, the third year of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi ascended the throne of Tang Dynasty, the second ovary of Fang Xuanling, one of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyan Pavilion Aihe's wife, Princess Gao Yang (the seventeenth daughter of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty), was found out of treason. Gaozong Lizhi sent elder Sun Wuji to try the case. The final result of this case was that Fang Yiai and his wife were killed. Many useful talents in the emperor’s relatives, such as Li Ke, Li Daozong, Xue Wanche, and Shili Si Li, were implicated and all killed. At the same time, high-ranking court officials such as the prime minister Yuwenjie, Qiao Guogong Chai Zhewei, etc. were also implicated and sent into exile, and Fang's family was also destroyed.
Bingzi, the new addition to Fangzhou governor, Fu Ma Duwei Fang’s beloved, Situ, Qinzhou governor, Jing Wang Yuanjing, Sikong, Anzhou governor, Wu Wangke, Ningzhou governor, Du Ma Duwei Xue Wanche, Lanzhou governor , Du Ma Duwei Chai Lingwu conspired.
Behind this treason case that shocked the government and the opposition, it was a huge conspiracy by Changsun Wuji to eliminate political enemies.
Gaoyang Princess stills
The process of the Fang Yiai treason case
In the Fang Yiai treason case, the two main protagonists are Fang Yiai And Princess Goyang.
Regarding Fang Yiai’s rebellion, there are very few records on this in the Old Tang Book, and almost all of them come from historical books such as the New Tang Book. According to historical records such as "Xin Tang Shu", the rebellion case is generally very simple:
1. Princess Gao Yang is arrogant and arrogant, and wants to seize the Yinqing that Fang Xuanling inherited to her eldest son Fangzhi. Doctor Guanglu, after being known by Li Shimin, reprimanded Gao Yang, and Gao Yang remembered that he hated his father and Fang Xuanling's eldest son, Fangzhi;
Lord, loved by the emperor, so he gave his son-in-law a gift. The Lord is proud of what he loves. Fang Yizhi worshipped Dr. Yinqing Guanglu as his deceased, and let his brother be beloved, the emperor would not allow him. Xuanying died, leading the widow’s love, but then slandered it, and said straight to himself. "New Tang Book Biographies of the Eighth Princesses"
San Qi Chang Shi Fang Yi Ai Shang Taizong Princess Gao Yang, the princess is very arrogant, Fang Xuan Ling, the princess teaches the love and the brothers Different wealth, and then go wrong. Yi bluntly said to himself, Taizong deeply blamed the lord for letting the lord fall, and the lord was unhappy. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"
2. Princess Gao Yang did not love herself and had an ambiguous relationship with the monk debate machine. Later, Li Shimin learned that she executed the debate machine, and Princess Gao Yang fell out of favor;
Arguing with the Buddha, the emperor is angry, slaying the Buddha, and killing dozens of slaves and maidservants. "New Tang Book"
3. In 649 AD, in the 23rd year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty passed away, and Prince Li Zhi ascended to the throne. Li Zhi is weak in character, and Princess Gao Yang feels that he is not afraid of him. In order to obtain the title and property of Fang Yizhi, she slanders Fang Yizhi as rude to him and asks Li Zhi to be his master. Gao Yang's original intention was for Li Zhi to transfer the title and property of Fang's family to her husband, Fang Yiai, but he was self-defeating. Longsun Wuji stepped in to investigate the matter thoroughly, which eventually led to Fang Yiai's rebellion.
Princess Gaoyang seeks to dismiss her and seize her as a title, which makes people falsely accuse her of being rude to herself. The confidant also speaks of the last love and the main sin, saying: "The sin is full of evil, and the secrets of the ministers will be exhausted." "Zizhitongjian"
The internal relations of the house family are complicated. If we only look inside the house family, the case seems reasonable. However, we combine the relationship between the people involved at the time, the historical background and the complicated political struggle within the court It seems that it is not that simple.
From the position of Li Zhi’s prince, the political positions of Fang Xuanling and Changsun Wuji, and the political opponents of Changsun Wuji, it is not difficult to see that there is a huge force behind this rebellion. Promoting the development of things, and the core figure of this force is Changsun Wuji.
Changsun Wuji stills
Li Zhi's Crown Prince
Tang Taizong LiShimin, a well-known emperor in history, is a talented man and a master of martial arts. At the beginning of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, the soldiers quelled the separatist forces such as Xue Rengao, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, Wang Shichong, and Liu Heitian, and made great contributions to the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty. During his reign, he humbly listened to the advice of the officials and internally Rule the world with culture, rest and rejuvenate, and create a "rule of Zhenguan"; expand the territory to the outside world, conquer the surrounding small countries, set up the four towns of Anxi, and let all ethnic groups in the northern region get along with each other. This is the prosperous situation of the Tang Dynasty for more than 100 years. Lay an important foundation.
However, there are hard-to-read scriptures in the family, and Li Shimin is the emperor, so his family affairs have become a national event. After the crown prince Li Chengqian forced the palace to rebel and was abolished, the princes also began to seek the crown prince.
李世民 Stills
Prince Li Chengqian was abolished because he forced the palace, but in fact it was only because of his personality flaws that he was exploited, and this was mostly due to the mistake of Li Shimin as his father. teach.
The record of Li Chengqian’s childhood in the history book is "The land is long and prosperous, and the appearance is steep; the benevolence is pure and deep, the career is so prosperous, the early knowledge of the wisdom, the young view "Poetry", "Ritual" . It can be seen that Li Chengqian was a very good child in all aspects in his childhood; he respected and loved his teacher Li Gang, and asked humbly for advice; after Li Chengqian went to the Yuan ceremonial ceremony, Li Shimin ordered him to supervise the country many times, and Li Chengqian "Quite knowledge of the general" and "quite intelligible" and did a very good job.
...... Taizong gave step Yu and ordered the three guards to enter the east palace, and the emperor Zhao prince led to the palace, and worshipped it personally. ..... The prince tasted the famous teachings of the monarchs and ministers in the ancient times, and devoted himself to everything....Every time he talked about speaking, he was generous and indispensable. The prince was not unreasonable.
...... The prince is still in charge of the details, and the prince can hear it quite well. Fortunately for every trip, he often ordered to stay in prison.
李承乾 Stills
However, the reason why Li Chengqian later rebelled and did some ridiculous things has a certain relationship with Li Shimin's education to him.
Li Shimin worried that Li Chengqian "grows into a deep palace, the people are difficult, and they don't hear it", so he asked teachers such as Yu Zhining, Wei Zheng and Kong Yingda to teach him. And these teachers, in some respects, ruined Li Chengqian's life.
Li Shimin asked these ministers to give more advice to Li Chengqian, causing these ministers to be more sparse, and the wording was more fierce than one, and the words were sharper than each sentence, but they could not get the desired effect. Ning Zhian's "comparable to Qin II" and Kong Yingda's "no hatred for death", and as a young adult, how can he accept these sharp remonstrances with a humility? Since ancient times, education has focused on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. The educational methods required by Li Shimin are not suitable for Li Chengqian at all. To be precise, they are not suitable for children who are in the rebellious period. I can't hear praise, I can only hear criticism every day, which led to various illegal behaviors after Li Chengqian.
and the emperor's throne, every time they discuss and dispose of, or sometimes be awkward, and get admonitions from others, they will begin to realize. If there are no loyal advisers to say, why do good deeds? Besides, the prince grew up in a deep palace, and the people were struggling, and they didn't even hear it! Moreover, the owner's safety is not to be arrogant. But out of the emperor's cloud, those who have admonitions will be cut, knowing that the world's scholars dare not speak more bluntly. Therefore, self-denial and vigorous, to accommodate admonitions, Qing and others must often share their opinions in this sense. Whenever you see something is wrong, it is advisable to speak up, and it will be helpful.
At this time, Hou Junji had just wiped out Gaochang State (southeast of Gaochang District, Turpan City, Xinjiang). He has made great achievements. Before Li Shimin was invited, he sent some innocent people to Gaochang. The national treasure was taken as his own. After the class teacher returned to the court, he was punished by Li Shimin. Regarding this matter, Hou Junji has always been brooding and hating Li Shimin.
In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, that is, in 643 AD, after learning that Li Chengqian had failed to assassinate the Wei king Li Tai, Hou Junji used his son-in-law Helan Chushi to enter the Eastern Palace many times. Li Chengqian intended to ask the old official about the preservation method, but Hou Junji felt that Li Chengqian was stupid and could use him to avenge himself, so he encouraged Li Chengqian to force the palace to rebel, To seize the throne. In the end, the rebellion failed, Li Chengqian was abolished, and Hou Junji was killed.
Weiwang Litai stills
Then I will talk about Li Zhi’s crown prince. After Li Chengqian was abolished, Li Tai seemed to be the most suitable candidate. Among the three sons of the eldest grandson, Li Tai most resembled Li Shimin. Li Tai was “smart and brilliant” in the history. Li Shimin also admired this son and spent more than Li Chengqian, who was the prince. This caused Li Tai to have the "illusion" that he was his father's favorite candidate for the prince.
However, the choice of the prince is a matter of the state. At the reminder of his uncle's eldest son Wuji, the prime minister Chu Suiliang and other ministers, Li Shimin understood that to save the lives of other sons, the cowardly third son of Jin Wangzhi He is the best candidate, and Changsun Wuji highly recommends this nephew because of his cowardly character, which is easier to control than Li Tai.
On the way to purge political enemies, Changsun Wuji completed the first step: recommend an obedient prince;
高宗李治 Stills
房玄龄与长孙无姬's political stance
Fang Xuanling and Changsun Wuji can be said to be Li Shimin's right-hand man, and both are also ministers of the Tang Dynasty.
Fang Xuanling, 579-648, was born in the family of officials and officials. During the chaos of the end of the Sui Dynasty, he went to Li Shimin, was born to death, and settled the world. Li Shimin can be said to be brothers and sisters. From the Jinyang mutiny in 617 to the death of illness in 648, Fang Xuanling followed Li Shimin;
Changsun Wuji, and Li Shimin was a commoner friend, afterwards the Li family and the Changsun family became in-laws, and the grandson Wuji became Li Shimin’s eldest brother. In 618, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, the eldest son Wuji met with Li Yuan and later assisted Li Shimin.
Changsun Wuji and Fang Xuanling stills
However, their political stances are quite different, and they have always fought openly. Fang Xuanling is dedicated to the country, and often looks at issues from the perspective of the country, and does not like power; while Changsun Wuji is also a high-profile man, but as a member of the Guanlong Group, he likes power and focuses on family interests. Regarding the character of the grandson Wuji, the grandson empress, as her own sister, couldn't understand better. Therefore, the Empress Changsun would say "The concubine is not only supporting her in the purple palace, she is extremely noble, and she really does not want her brothers and nephews to be listed in the court." "My Majesty Xuanling Jiu Shi, pre-planned conspiracy, not a big cause, I would like not to leave it. The concubine’s family enters with grace, without virtue, it is easy to take evil, without being a pivot, and it is enough for other relatives to ask the court."
Especially the incident of Wei Wang and Li Tai can better reflect Changsun Wuji. With Fang Xuanling’s political stance, and this matter, the Fang family completely lost to Changsun Wuji, which was also the climax of an open fight between Fang Xuanling and Changsun Wuji. After that, Fang Xuanling gradually withdrew from the court.
Stills
Fang Xuanling supports Wei Wang Li Tai, except for his son Fang’s wife and Li Tai’s friendship, the main reason is that Li Tai is indeed an individual and governs the country Li Zhi’s cowardly character, he will be used by others as the emperor, which is not conducive to Jiangshan Sheji; however, Fang Xuanling’s consideration for the country violates the interests of the grandson family, according to the New Tang Book, The prince inherits Qianfei, the emperor wants to establish the king of Jin, pending, sits in the Hall of Two Ceremonies, the officials are gone, leave Wuji, Xuanling, and talk about the Eastern Palace... The emperor said: "I want to establish the king of Jin. "Wuji said: "I would like to give the edict, and those who disagree!" This is more like a play performed by Emperor Li Shimin and Changsun Wuji together for Fang Xuanling. We know the purpose of Changsun Wuji, and Li Shimin's purpose may just not want his sons to kill each other, so he intends to Li Zhi. Fang Xuanling lost in this silent "national war".
In 643 AD, Li Zhi was established as the prince, Li Tai was demoted to the king of Donglai County, and Li Tai's party was murdered one after another: Liu Ji was framed by Chu Suiliang and given to death; Cen Wenwen died of a sudden illness; Fang Xuanling was repeatedly framed by the eldest grandson Wuji, and was not allowed to retreat behind the scenes and hand over power; Du Chuke was demoted to a pious county magistrate.
inOn the way to clear the political enemy, Changsun Wuji completed the second step: one person dominates;
Li Zhi and Changsun Wuji
Changsun Wuji political enemy: Yifangjia The central political group
Regarding Fang Yiai’s record, it is said in history that "birth rate is uneducated". He is a mindless person, so he is very easy to be instigated and do some stupid things. Looking closely at the people implicated in the Fang Yiai’s treason case, it is not difficult to find that these people are not only inextricably linked to the Fang family, but also political enemies of the grandson Wuji.
In 648 AD, Fang Xuanling passed away.
In 649 AD, when Li Shimin died, Prince Li Zhi succeeded to the throne, namely Tang Gaozong, Changsun Wuji and Chu Suiliang assisted the government, and Changsun Wuji presided over the government.
However, the eldest grandson Wuji, who covered the sky with one hand, seemed to be unsatisfied. After all, the Fang family had descendants, and there were military generals such as Xue Wanche, Li Daozong, and Li Ji who made great achievements in the dynasty; Li Ke and Li Yuanjing were so capable. The prince of Fang; Fang Yiai, Chai Lingwu and other Wei kings party; Prime Minister Yuwenjie, Anguo Gongzhishili and other ministers who were close to Fang's family. And these political enemies of Changsun Wuji seemed to have Fang Yiai as the center of the circle, and formed a circle with Li Tangzongshi and Manchu Civil and Martial Arts as the radius. As long as you catch the handle of the center, you can catch them all.
Therefore, Changsun Wuji has completed the third step on the way to eliminate political enemies: find a person who is easy to control and has the closest relationship with the "political enemy", this person is Fang Yiai;
Persons implicated in the Fang Yiai Treason Case:
Li Yuanjing: The person supported by the Fang Yiai Treason Case, the sixth son of Tang Gaozong Li Yuan, the uncle of Gaozong Lizhi, and his daughter married Fang Xuan The legacy of the third-year-old son Fang, Guan Zhizheng, the first grade Situ;
Xue Wanche: Princess Danyang, brother-in-law of Li Shimin, uncle Gaoyang, general to the official and general Youwuwei.
Chai Lingwu: The mother is Princess Pingyang Zhao (the daughter of Li Yuan, the same mother and sister of Li Shimin), the wife is Princess Baling (the half-sister of Li Zhi), and the father is Chai Shao, who has made great achievements. Chai Lingwu is not only a state dynasty, but also a party of Wei Wang and Li Tai;
Li Ke: Li Shimin's third son, birth mother Yang Fei, "Wu Wang Keying fruit type me" is Li Shimin's evaluation of this son, during Emperor Gaozong, Li Zhi's living brother The oldest one of them. At the same time, Li Ke is also the bloodline left behind by the two dynasties. His mother's family is the Yang family of the Sui Dynasty, and his father's family is the Li family of the Tang Dynasty. The bloodline is extremely noble;
Li Yan: Li Ke's mother and younger brother;
Li Daozong: Li Shimintang Nephew, outstanding military exploits, has long-term grudges with the eldest grandson Wuji and Chu Suiliang, later historians often think that the two are jealous and capable, "the quality of the title is inconsistent, causing a thousand years of injustice."
Yuwenjie: Shangshu Youcheng, friendly with Fang Yiai;
Loss of thoughts: the guardian of the horse, married the younger sister of Tang Taizong Li Shimin, who is Li Zhi’s uncle, and has a relationship with Fang Yiai;
After Li Zhi succeeded to the throne, Changsun Wuji became the auxiliary minister and Li Zhi’s uncle powers in the field. Except for the members of the Li Tang royal family, almost no one would be Changsun Wuji’s opponent, and Changsun Wuji was also the Guanlong Group However, if Changsun Wuji wants to control the government, he will inevitably be hindered by the Li and Tang royal family. Therefore, Changsun Wuji is determined to get rid of the Li clan and political enemies, and he is the only one.
has completed the above three parts, the next step is to wait for the opportunity. All is ready except for the opportunity.
Lee Ke’s stills
The outbreak of the Fang Yi’s Treason case
It seems that God is also helping the eldest son of Sun Wuji, and the east wind is finally here.
In 652 AD, Wei Wang Li Tai died; Li Tai's death also implied that Changsun Wuji should close the net.
In 652, Xue Wanche, who was very dissatisfied with the court, entered the court and had a close relationship with Fang Yiai.
Entering the dynasty and the room widow’s love, because it is said that the love is said"Even though I am suffering from my feet, I sit in the capital, but the generations still dare not move." Wan Che said: "If the country changes, I should be the master of the public Jing Wang Yuanjing."
AD In 652, Princess Gao Yang falsely accused Fang Yizhi of wrongdoing, and Li Zhi ordered his eldest grandson Wuji to investigate the matter thoroughly.
Changsun Wuji Zhengshou couldn't find the opportunity, but now, the opportunity is here. Then, the bloody Fang Yiai treason case broke out.
Fang Yiai was lured by the eldest grandson Wuji and pulled out a group of people to plead guilty. As a result, Li Yuanjing, Li Ke, Fang Yiai, Princess Gaoyang, Xue Wanche, Chai Lingwu, and Princess Baling were all killed.
Then, why support Li Yuanjing? And does Li Yuanjing want to be emperor again?
I feel that Li Yuanjing at the time didn't even know that he was supported.
After Li Zhi ascended the throne, he respected the emperor uncle. He was promoted to the first-grade Situ, and 1500 households were sealed. He was prosperous and wealthy, and was in power. Why did he need to rebel?
Li Zhi is an orthodox successor, Li Yuanjing has no reason to make a nephew against him.
As for the reasons for Fang Yiai’s rebellion, there has been no exact historical data to prove it. Judging from the characters involved in the whole incident, it is more like a long-conspired plan designed by Changsun Wuji to know his political opponents. Including Li Yuanjing's dream of "holding the sun and the moon", Li Ke was innocently involved.
Li Yuanjing stills
In fact, it is only for Gao Yang's appropriate fornication with the defense and his disagreement with Emperor Taizong that he has to rebel. I think this reason is not credible. .
The history book claimed that Princess Gao Yang had fallen out of favor with the general affairs and that she hated her father Tang Taizong, so that "Tai Zong collapsed and had no regrets." However, looking at the records in the old and new Tang books, there seem to be contradictions.
In 648 AD, when Fang Xuanling was seriously ill, she went to the table through Princess Gao Yang, and Taizong also talked with Gao Yang earnestly. It can be seen that the father-daughter relationship at this time was not like the "New Tang Shu " The master slightly loses love and feels dismayed";
Fang Xuanling’s inscription " looks at time and worries deeply about the country. Princess Gaoyang is her son-wife, and a letter of advice is attached. The words are over and cut to the point. The royal view increases the emotion." was carved on Fang Xuanling’s tombstone in 652 as a glorious sculpture. It can be seen that within four years of Fang Xuanling’s death, Princess Gaoyang did not reveal any scandals, otherwise Li Shimin’s words about Gaoyang’s words would not appear;
In 658 AD, Gao Yang was named Princess Hepu. It can be seen from this that Gao Yang’s behavior did not humiliate Li Tang, otherwise how could he chase him down?
But there is an affair with the debate, the "Old Tang Book" did not mention this word.
The Tang Dynasty monk system is strict, and the deliberation behavior is inconsistent with the Tang Dynasty high monk management system;
Princess Gaoyang, as a royal officer, received strict aristocratic education from an early age, and the eldest grandson of the aunt was the most virtuous of the Tang Dynasty The queen of Gaoyang is also very strict with her children’s education;
Princess Gaoyang’s mother-in-law is Fanyanglu’s family, with a strong personality, and her concubine is also a member of the royal family. In such a prominent family, Princess Gaoyang should not dare to go beyond the rules. Moment;
The Gaoyang and Bianji incident first appeared in the "New Tang Book" edited by Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty, and later described by Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian", so that the Gaoyang Princess and the Bianji incident became The official history is well known by posterity. However, Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang both had a fierce and clear stand against Buddha. In particular, Ouyang Xiu deleted a large number of Buddhist content in the "Old Tang Book". Therefore, it is very possible for Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang to achieve the purpose of combating Buddhism through fictional Buddhist scandals.
Princess Gaoyang and Gaozong Lizhi stills
Changsun Wuji sat down for the rebellion between Princess Gaoyang and Fang's widow, the most important reason should be "主使掖廷Order Chen Xuanyun to serve the palace and Xianxiang, step Xingci." Under the feudal society, people are unquestioned by nature's destiny.It is believed that the change of the position of the sun, moon and stars indicates the change of destiny, especially the king. Therefore, private observation of the sky at night is prohibited, and Changsun Wuji found Gao Yang's private observation of the destiny before convicting him of treason.
Actually, regarding Fang Xuanling's eldest son, Fangzhi, is also a very suspicious person. After the Fang Yiai treason case broke out, the Fang family, except Fang Yizhi, were deported. Fang Yizhi was demoted as a common man because of his father Fang Yi's love. Later descendants also re-entered the court. Therefore, "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" said that Princess Gao Yang and Fang Yi's wife rebelled. It was Fang Yizhi's report. Yizhi also said the love and the main crime, saying: "The sins are overwhelming and evil, and the secrets of the ministers are feared." The commander's eldest son Wuji stings on him, and he is also loved and rebellious. In addition, in the Chinese Tang Dynasty legendary novel "Longcheng Lu", it is recorded that the Xiangshi told Fang Xuanling that Fang Yizhi would make Fang's family irrelevant. Therefore, Fang Yizhi himself has major hidden information.
Fang Xuanling came to buy Chengdu, and the Japanese smiled and concealed the image and said: "The public is well-known in the world, he is the virtuous and virtuous, but he has no heir." The public is angry. Shi Yizhi was already three years old, and the Japanese Gu Zhi said: "This is here, here, here is the one of the best house." The grandpa returned in a daze, and then everyone believed.
房無直 Stills
长孙 Wuji This large-scale purge of political enemies has had a major impact on the Tang dynasty and the Li Tang clan’s clan, and involved too many high-level officials. And clan members. So that when Wu Zetian later ascended the throne and murdered Li Tang's family, no royal family members could stand up and stop it. Changsun Wuji and Chu Suiliang themselves were finally purged by Wu Zetian.
is purely personal opinion, history needs to be explored, welcome everyone to comment~~
Refer to "Old Tang Book", "Tai Ping Yu Lan", "Xin Tang Book", "Zheng Guan Political Leaders", "Debating the Cause of Death" Preliminary "
