- One, why did Liu Bei ask Zhuge Liang to call him together?
- Secondly, Liu Bei had something in his orphans. What kind of mood did he have for Zhuge Liang?
Both the above two issues involve a relationship, which is the personnel relationship of Shu Han. Before Liu Bei's death, what was the personnel structure within Shu Han? In fact, it is not as harmonious as the film and television dramas.
Very relationship between the monarch and the ministers
Liu Bei launched the battle of Yiling, and there were only two people who dared to give advice, namely Zhao Yun and Qin Mi . So what about the others? Where is Zhuge Liang? If everyone rises up and opposes, how could there be an Eastern Expedition? Without the Eastern Expedition, there would be no failure. Maybe Liu Bei could live longer!
actually is not that there is no one, but that no one dares to speak. When Liu Bei decided to become emperor, he did not agree with it. What's the result? Fei Shi was demoted and Yong Mao was killed. During the Eastern Expedition, Qin Mi opposed it and was also put into prison.
So, how could Zhuge Liang, who was so imaginary, hit a nail? After the incident, Zhuge Liang said something, and he said, "If the Dharma is filial and upright, he can control the master and not move eastward; if he moves eastward again, he will not be in danger."
Zhuge Liang's words have something in his words. Why can't he stop Liu Bei from going eastward?
First of all, Liu Bei violated his strategic plan and united Wu to fight against Cao. This was the foreign policy he formulated for Shu Han. Liu Bei insisted on the eastward expedition, which was contrary to his strategic plan. He should have stopped him in anger. Surprisingly, he did not, but remained silent.
Liu Bei in the film and television dramas looks gentle and gentlemanly. Liu Bei in reality is not much different from Cao Cao .
said that it was borrowing Jingzhou , but in fact it was a forcibly occupied. If someone took it back, he would still take it away in anger. He said that he wanted to help Liu Zhang , but in fact it was taking advantage of the situation. Isn’t this power?
Liu Bei is powerful in things, so is he kind to others? When he was entrusted with his son, he said to Zhuge Liang, "If he is not talented, you can take it yourself." This sentence is actually a warning sentence. , who are both emperors, later commented, saying, "The people of the Three Kingdoms are deceptive and deceitful." It means that people in the Three Kingdoms period all had hypocritical virtues and were very despicable.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang could only accept it silently as a minister.
Secondly, his relationship with Liu Bei changed. Since the Battle of Red Cliff, the connection between the two of them has become alienated.
Liu Bei entered Shu, bringing Pang Tong ; attacking Hanzhong , bringing Fazheng. When Pang Tong died, Liu Bei burst into tears in pain; after Fa Zheng passed away, Liu Bei also cried for several days. is obvious, and Liu Bei's relationship with these two people in the later period is closer.
Isn’t Zhuge Liang a counselor? What was he doing then? He engaged in logistics work, either "registering taxes to fill the army", "guarding Chengdu with enough food and soldiers", or "surrounding Chengdu" with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Overall, he feels like he is retreating to the second line.
There is a crack in the relationship between the monarch and the minister, that is, distrust. Why should Liu Bei listen to you, Zhuge Liang? , without saying a word, this is the manifestation of Zhuge Liang's self-knowledge, because it is useless to say it, so why do you need to say it?
Third, Zhuge Liang also has dreams, and his dream is bound to the rise and fall of Shu Han . When he first started his career, his plan with Liu Bei was to revive the Han Dynasty and unify the world. However, once Jingzhou was lost, the dreams of the monarch and his subjects were shattered.
Zhuge Liang did not come forward to stop Liu Bei from the East Expedition. Perhaps deep down, he also had a lucky mentality towards Liu Bei. If Jingzhou can be taken back, wouldn’t it be a huge reversal! Moreover, after Liu Bei's death, didn't he attack Cao Wei again and again? This also shows that he is still struggling for his dreams until his death. However, the reality is cruel, and Sun Quan and Lu Xun did not give them this opportunity.
Through the above three points, we also see that the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, as well as other ministers, is both subtle and complex. After defeating the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei knew that he had not been around for many days, so he recruited Zhuge Liang from Chengdu and entrusted him with his own son. This is not difficult to understand. After all, the only person in Shu Han who can stand alone is Zhuge Liang.
But why do you still need to pull Li Yan?
The three factions struggles
Li Yan's identity is not simple. He was originally from Jingzhou and had worked under Liu Biao . Cao Cao went south, Liu Cong (Liu Biao's second son) surrendered, and Li Yan went west and defected to Liu Zhang. When Liu Bei entered Shu, he led his people to surrender to Liu Bei.
So, Li Yan is familiar with both the Jingzhou School and the Yizhou School, and his role is balanced. The Shu Han regime itself consists of three political forces, namely the Jingzhou faction, the Yizhou faction, and the Dongzhou faction.
Jingzhou Sect is the people who focus on Liu Bei and conquer the world with him, such as Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu , Zhang Fei and other old subordinates; it is not difficult to understand the Yizhou Sect, they are local natives, such as Liu Yan , Liu Zhang and his son, Fa Zheng, Zhang Sun and others; what about the Dongzhou Sect?
We know that there is a "Dongzhou soldiers" in the team of the Liu father and son. This team comes from Chang'an and Nanyang areas, and most of them are refugees. thus forms Dongzhou .
From the perspective of superiors and subordinates’ relationship, the Dongzhou faction must obey the leaders of the Yizhou faction. But when Liu's family was in the world, Liu Zhang did nothing, and Dongzhou was born with two hearts and challenging his authority was reasonable. It was precisely because the Dongzhou school did not accept discipline that Liu Bei had the opportunity to take advantage of the situation.
After Liu Bei came, the Jingzhou faction was the most powerful, and the Yizhou faction and the Dongzhou faction had to listen to his leadership. But the relationship between the three still needs to be balanced, otherwise there will be chaos.
Coincidentally, Li Yan is from Nanyang, he is a representative of the Dongzhou faction. At the same time, he has old relationships with the Jingzhou faction and the Yizhou faction. Therefore, Li Yan was selected as the Minister of Residents by Liu Bei, and he is a pawn of political balance.
It can be seen from this that the internal internal structure of the Shu Han regime is not a harmonious atmosphere, but a complex component. If the Jingzhou faction wants to maintain its leadership position, it also needs to balance the forces of all parties.
The problem of talent shortage
In the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei returned with a crushing defeat; after his death, Zhuge Liang attacked Cao Wei several times, and the same ended in dismal results; even after Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Yan continued to attack, not only did not make any progress, but was eventually destroyed by Cao Wei.
Could it be that this is really a destiny battle? Of course not, fatalism is just a placebo. The reality is that the internal personnel structure of Shu Han has long been problematic.
Liu Bei went east to march, no one can lead him, and the staffing is at the second and third level. Huang Zhong died of illness, Zhang Fei was assassinated, Ma Chao was seriously ill, Zhao Yun opposed the Eastern Expedition and was left behind; Wei Yan was in Hanzhong, Li Hui was in the south, and Zhuge Liang was in the rear.
people who followed Liu Bei to fight, such as Huang Quan , Ma Liang , Wu Ban , Feng Xi , Zhang Nan , Fu Lu , Cheng Ji , Zhao Rong, Fu Kuang and others, even those with outstanding abilities, it is difficult to fully utilize their ability, because Liu Bei loses more and wins more. His experience has basically shown that his command level in war is very limited.
A second-rate team came from afar and fought against a team that was waiting for work, and the disadvantages were already obvious.In addition, Sun Quan dared to use the newcomer, Lu Xun as the commander, and Lu Meng rated him like this, saying that he "has a deep mind, and can bear the burden, and he can eventually have great responsibilities according to his rules and regulations."
In fact, Lu Xun can indeed bear the heavy responsibility. In the battle with Liu Bei, he calmly responded to the battle, attacked his flaws, and defeated Liu Bei by using the method of fire attack.
So what is wrong with the talent system in Shuhan? Why is there a situation of disagreement? This question still needs to be thrown back to Liu Bei.
Liu Bei has limited personal abilities, but for talents, he is on the elite route. When they first met Zhuge Liang, they often had heart-to-heart talks, and the two of them were "a close relationship" that made Guan Yu and Zhang Fei jealous. After meeting Pang Tong, after a long talk, he immediately appointed him as a military advisor, and then he was promoted to the reuse of Fazheng to attack Hanzhong. these three people have already helped Liu Bei outline a small world. Although the elite route of
is good, the disadvantages are obvious.
- First of all, after the elite passed away, no one took over because the leader had too high vision, and few people could catch his eye;
- Secondly, it is not conducive to the talent reserve of Shu Han. The elites have too strong presence, and it is easy to ignore the cultivation of newcomers;
- Thirdly, it is said that literati are inferior to each other, but elites are not inferior to each other? It is not conducive to the unity of Shu Han.
But the most fundamental thing is that the Jingzhou faction did not delegate power from beginning to end, and Li Yan's death is a good example.
Although Li Yan was one of the ministers who were entrusted with the orphans, he did not get the dignity of a minister who was entrusted with his life at all. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang returned to Chengdu, while Li Yan governed the internal and external military affairs with the Central Government, and stayed in Yong'an.
On the surface, after Liu Bei's death, Li Yan's position was also promoted step by step, from the auxiliary general to the former general, and from the former general to the General of the Cavalry. But in essence, compared with Zhuge Liang, it is inferior everywhere.
First of all, , Zhuge Liang was in the court, and he had the final say in all matters in the court, while Li Yan was outside, and he couldn't even interfere with the affairs in the court. Li Yan is in Yong'an, far away from the center of political power, and can't even meet the young master, so he talks about assisting the young master.
Secondly, Zhuge Liang has his own team, and Li Yan is the commander-in-chief; Zhuge Liang can serve as a local official, such as being the governor of Yizhou, and Li Yan has no chance.
Li Yan proposed to set up five counties with Jiangzhou as the center, establish one Bazhou, and grant himself the governor of Bazhou. As a result, Zhuge Liang also disagreed. Afterwards, he proposed to build his own team, and was also rejected.
So, what else can Li Yan, the minister of life, behave like? It is normal to have opinions, and he also brought them into his work.
When Zhuge Liang went out to Qishan everywhere, he arranged for Li Yan to transport military rations. As a result, the weather was not good and heavy rain continued, resulting in the inability to transport military rations to the front as scheduled. Li Yan also talked to the front about this situation, so Zhuge Liang had to return to his army.
But after Zhuge Liang returned to the army, Li Yan pretended to be surprised and said that there was enough food and supplies, so why did he retreat? He also submitted a letter to Liu Chan, saying that Zhuge Liang's withdrawal was a "fake retreat." Of course Zhuge Liang quit, and Li Yan was deposed since then.
Li Yan is certainly wrong, but from the root point of view, Zhuge Liang is wrong first. The Jingzhou school does not use bean buns as dry food at all.
Li Yan also died of illness shortly after Zhuge Liang's death. He knew that Shu Han was over and no one would use him again. Whether Li Yan has talent is second, and the Jingzhou faction did not give him any chance to show off.
From the example of Li Yan's death, it can be seen that the political components of Shu Han are diversified, while the Jingzhou faction does not maximize the unity of people who can unite.
days, the place is favorable, the people are harmonious, and the Shu Han regime does not occupy it. Why should the world belong to you?
To sum up, Liu Bei was defeated in Yiling, Zhuge Liang and Wei Yan defeated Wei several times. The strategic and tactical issues are one aspect, and the more critical issue is that there are big problems in the internal personnel structure of Shu Han, factions are not united, talents are scarce, and Jingzhou faction dominates. These have become irreconcilable contradictions that Shu Han cannot reconcile.
As the saying goes, the demise of Shu Han began with internal "chaos", which was directly directed to people's hearts.
