Text/Mu Zijun Kanshi
This is a scene often seen in Japanese costume action games: a black masked man is running fast under the night. Suddenly one jumped into the air, and several shurikens were thrown out of his hands. The black darts were all fired, and several villains fell to the ground. The wicked leader rushed over with a long sword in his hand, the masked man calmly pulled out the ninja sword on his back, between the flashing stones, the leader fell to the ground...
This is the legendary Japanese ninja, which appeared It was very early.
1. The earliest ninjas can be traced back to the Asuka era
According to Mochizuki Shigeki's "Ninjutsu Yingyizhuan" records, Japan's first queen in the Asuka era, the first queen of Japan-Prince Shotoku, the auxiliary prince of Emperor Tugu By his side, there was a person named "大伴细人" who was an agent of Prince Shengde.
Prince Shotoku, a politician of the royal family in the Asuka period of Japan, who promoted the reform of the ancient dynasty (Dahua Reform). His greatest achievement was that in 607, he sent an envoy from the Sui Dynasty to China at that time, established diplomatic relations and learned from the Chinese system, which led to Japan's first civilisation.
From 1958 to 1983, the Japanese currency figure with a face value of 10,000 yen was the Prince Shotoku.
Japanese coin printed on Prince Shotoku
Shi Zai, Prince Shotoku has the reputation of "Eight Ear Prince", from the princes and nobles to the news of the common people, Everything is well known. This is the credit of the big companion, who served as the eyes and ears of Prince Shotoku. He would appear in various identities at all levels and collect a lot of useful information for Prince Shotoku.
And, Japan in this era is an era when the tycoons control politics , even if it is noble as Prince Shotoku, as a powerful auxiliary king, there is still the possibility of being killed by political enemies at any time . The predecessor of Emperor Tyugu was assassinated by Emperor Suga. Therefore, for Prince Shotoku, having access to comprehensive information is not only a need for governance, but also a must to protect himself.
However, this mysterious person who did not even have a portrait was not called a ninja at that time, but "志能便", which is responsible in Japanese. meaning. However, later generations of recognize that he is the patriarch of the ninja profession and the founder of the ninja Koga.
Architecture in the Asuka Period in Japan
In addition, according to historical records, the Suga clan, the No. 1 tycoon in Japan in the same period, also had similar secret agents, but they were not the same. Yes, his "convenience" is mainly used to eliminate political opponents that shake the power of the Suwo clan. This is actually a killer, an assassin.
Although Suga’s ninja story is only anecdotal, in the later historical records, there appeared in black and white that ninjas were used as killers in this era. It belonged to the Emperor Tianmu period of the Asuka era, one named The ninja of Duo Hu Mi made an important battle for Emperor Tenmu in the "Renshin Rebellion" in which Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Hongbun competed for power. This is the earliest record of a ninja participating in a formal war.
总之， In the era of Asuka in Japan, that is, in the 7th century, the two most important responsibilities of ninjas—intelligence collection and military strikes—have been formally established. Since then began a long historical journey where glory and death accompany each other.
Japanese classic anime "Naruto"
Second, the relationship between the ninja and China
If you regard Da Mu Xiren as the earliest ninja, then his The birthplace-Koka, Japan, is the birthplace of ninja and even ninja culture.
Koga is the Shiga Prefecture in Kansai, Japan today. Shiga Prefecture is small, but has the largest lake in Japan, Lake Biwa, which belonged to the Omi country in ancient times. According to research, residents of Shiga County in the early days were mostly from mainland China and the Korean Peninsula.Lairen”, or “naturalized people”, therefore, this is also the place where Japan first merged with heterogeneous culture, technology, and blood.
China's immigration to Japan, about as early as the Chinese Shang Dynasty The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period began. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the momentum of China's immigration to Japan continued unabated. Historical records: "Chen Sheng waited, the world rebelled against Qin, Yan, Qi, and Zhao Min evaded tens of thousands of people from North Korea. "A considerable part of these people continued to cross the sea via the Korean Peninsula and came to the Japanese Islands. By the end of the Qin Dynasty, even the Fusu and Huhai families of Emperor Qin Shihuang had fled to Japan.
Japan Shiga County
In 109 BC, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established four counties and directly ruled North Korea, a large number of Han people migrated to the four counties of North Korea to immigrate and do business. Most of the descendants of these merchants lived in There. In 313 AD, the two counties of Lelang and Daifang on the Korean Peninsula fell to Goguryeo, and the Han Chinese who lived there had to leave there, some returned to their homeland, and some moved south, crossing the sea and emigrating to Japan.
Japanese historical records "Nihon Shoki" records many cases of Chinese immigrants entering the Japanese archipelago in this era:
Yingshen is fourteen years old, is the age, Yuzuki-kun led 120 county residents from Baekje to Japan .
In the sixteenth year of Yingshen, Wang Ren came from Baekje, and the prince Tudao Zhilang mastered him and studied various classics.
In the twenty years of Yingshen, the master of Azhi and his sons added the master, He also led his own party class members from 17 counties to Japan.
In 37 years of Yingshen, he sent Azhi and Dujia to go to Wu through the Kingdom of Goryeo, and asked for a seamstress girl, and then Wu Wang and Gong The four female elder brother Yuan, Di Yuan, Wu Zhi, and Anzhi Zhi return.
……
The foreign immigrants from China to Japan mainly consist of two major systems, namely, the ancestor Yuyue-kun The Qin clan, and the Han clan, whose ancestors are Azhi Shizhu, are quite impressive. . The Qin clan of Gongyue Jun has as many as 35,000, plus the Han clan of Azhi Shizhu, the total can reach 60,000 to 70,000.
Now Shiga Prefecture has become a tourist attraction.
These "travelers" have brought from China farming, civil engineering, pottery making, textile sericulture, metal smelting, Military strategy and even Buddhist culture. Even in the process of establishing a unified centralized Yamato court, they also played a major role.
In order to facilitate the learning of its culture and technology, and to monitor its movements, the Yamato court let these "travelers" Living in the Kinki area close to Kyoto, which resulted in the rapid development of places such as Shiga County, Mie County , and 歌山县 that were underdeveloped at the time. These counties are also developing. It is the first area where ninjas emerged on a large scale in the future.
This also indirectly explains: Ninja culture may have its origins in "Dulairen" . In this way, later such as Otomo, Hattori, etc. The emergence of the Ninja clan is not surprising. According to the historical records that Prince Shotoku sent the Iga Hattori clan to collect information, the Hattori clan may be It is the ancestor of the ninja Igaryu.
Japanese ninja culture can be seen everywhere
3. The ninja is just a weapon of the ruler
However, until the Sengoku period when the ninja profession was prosperous, later generations called it. Ninjas are not called ninjas, and there has never been a unified name. There are different names in different periods : Asuka Era is called "志能便"; Nara Era is " scout " ; During the Warring States Period, it was called the most, and the most popular name was "乱波", which was given by Takeda Shingen.
And, no matter what era, the status of ninja is very low. The early ninjas were mostly born in poor peasants, rather than noble warriors. In the eyes of the Japanese nobles, a ninja is just a weapon and a tool. Because of mission needs, they generally do not fight the enemy head-on, but do everything to achieve their goals.At its extreme, ninjutsu was born for this.
Tiger of Kai: Takeda Shingen
Generally ninjas must be masked (except for the leader), that is to prevent the other party from discovering their identity. They must not show their true colors, they must remain anonymous throughout their lives, and they must not leave a few words to avoid incidents in the future. When performing tasks, you must absolutely obey orders. There is no freedom to speak of.
However, their work is generally similar, mainly for the lord’s secret strategy, sabotage, assassination, collecting enemy frontline intelligence, disrupting the enemy’s backup base and other spy activities.
至于 The so-called ninjutsu, its theoretical basis is mainly the Sun Tzu's art of war introduced from China to Japan, accompanied by the four-character "fenglin volcano" proverb to form , the so-called speed like wind, Xu Rulin, invasion like fire , Do not move like a mountain, and then add some spells and ambush skills in the mountains.
The four-character proverb "Fenglin Volcano"
Fourth, the golden age of ninjas-the Japanese Warring States Period
The Warring States Period is the era of great ninjutsu. In this chaotic era, the rising names everywhere need ninjutsu to fight for themselves and spy on intelligence.
For example, Shingen Takeda, who is known as the "First Art of War of the Warring States", is a loyal supporter of a ninja. He is suspicious by nature, and he hates others to know his country’s secrets, so he specially trained a group of ninjas to help him deal with this aspect-detection and assassination. He organized the unemployed vagrants and robbers from Kai, Shinano, and Echigo, taught them mountain warfare and other fighting skills, and trained them to become scouts and spy experts. This is the famous 武田 "乱波" .
At the same time, in this era, the introduction of technology from foreign land and the number of craftsmen in various industries have exploded, allowing many ninjas to engage in espionage work as private craftsmen.
ninja equipment
At this time, the ninja profession has a complete system and theory, including four basic commandments:
Ninja is not allowed to be abused (only Used in business)
Abandon all self-esteem (fleeing is important)
Must be tight-lipped (even if you lose your life for this)
Never reveal your identity (hidden figure is the most basic ninjutsu)
Ninja’s organization and management system:
Ninja, middle and lower.
Shangren, also known as the think tank, specializes in planning overall combat steps.
Zhongren, the first-line combat commander, of course, ninjutsu must also be outstanding.
Xia Ren, also known as "Body Ren", is a first-line combatant.
There is a strict hierarchical relationship between the three, and they are distinct.
Because of the special purpose, the weapons used by the ninja are also quite special. In addition to defending the enemy, they also have the functions of escaping, stealing, and creating chaos. Most ninjas use ninja swords that are slightly shorter than ordinary katana, as well as weapons such as chain sticks, and they are "multi-purpose". Like the sheath of ninja swords, there are often ropes that can be used for climbing; the bottom of the sword can be opened for diving It can be used as a breathing tube at times, and as a microphone for eavesdropping.
The genre of ninjutsu also naturally formed different genres because of the separatism in the country. The place names of the developed areas of ninjutsu are generally used as the genre name: Musashi, Kai, Echigo, Shinano, Koka, Kii, Iga , etc., and Aomori Nakagawa Stream, Yamagata Hakuri, Shin Sagami cedar stream, Kaji stream, Nagano Koyo stream, Akutagawa stream etc.
Ninjas often become a tool for rulers to assassinate hostile forces.
Among them, Iga and Koga’s ninjutsu is the most powerful. Because although these two places are located in a small enclosed basin surrounded by heavy mountains and obstacles, they form a small world, but because they are close to the middle of JapanIn the central area, the strategic position is very important.
Moreover, Koka and Iga are deeply influenced by Kyoto culture, with many shrines, temples and manors. After the collapse of the old lord’s manor system in the Warring States Period, this place first became a "Little Warring States". There were 60 small and powerful families on the cramped land. The fierce competition can be imagined. They allied with each other, spied on each other's situation, and slaughtered each other. No matter who it is, once he is defeated, it is difficult to get up again.
So the tycoons raised ninja dead men one after another. According to statistics, there are thirty or forty in each family. As a result, this place where there are mountains that are easy to train, and where there are constant and fierce battles, has become a base camp for the development of ninjas. After a long time, Iga Ninjutsu has become the best in Japan.
Ninjas are actually not that magical
五. Legend Ninja
Most ninjas are fleeting, and even if they survive in troubled times, they may not stay behind. Deeds under the name. But there are a very small number of people who have become the top legends of the ninja profession, or surpass the ninja profession itself, and remain in the future.
bee suga small six
bee suga small six , Toyotomi Hideyoshi's right-hand assistant . He was once the leader of the Meinong bandit "Chuan Bianzhong", and he has trained in high-strength martial arts.
Later, Hideyoshi defected to Oda Nobunaga and made a fortune. Under Nobunaga, he began to rise up and down. Feng Suga Xiaoliu and his subordinates were also incorporated into the regular army for helping Hideyoshi to make outstanding achievements. After being stigmatized by robbers, these people naturally became Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ninja troops and performed outstandingly in various battles. After eluting his identity as a robber, Feng Suka Xiaoliu changed his name to 蜂蠠贺正胜, and died as the lord of Apo.
Bee Suga Koroku is Toyotomi Hideyoshi's capable man
服部汉藏
About the Sengoku Ninja, one must also introduce The character is 竹中苍紫, which is Hattori Hanzo . According to legend, this ninja finally realized the true meaning of Shinobi, which has never been seen in generations of ninjas. The family of 服部汉藏 is actually a Chinese. Its ancestor was originally named Qin. He came to Japan from China in the early years and settled near Kyoto. Later he moved to Ihe . In order to become one with the local residents, he changed his surname to Hatbu. .
The lord served by Hattori Hanzo is Tokugawa Ieyasu , who has contributed a lot to win the world. In 1583, when Oda Nobunaga was assassinated by the general Akehide Mitsuhide at Kyoto's Honnoji Temple, Tokugawa Ieyasu was also in Kyoto—with Nobunaga to travel to Kyoto without a soldier. When Nobunaga died, Ieyasu was in danger as Nobunaga's hard-core ally. At this time, Hattori Hanzo took the initiative to leave Kyoto with Tokugawa Ieyasu overnight and walked through the deserted mountain roads. A few days later, he finally returned to Mikawa territory safely.
Because of Hattori Hanzo's special honors, the Hattori ninja clan was highly regarded during the Tokugawa reign and achieved great development. And Hattori Hanzo became the hereditary title of the leader of the Hattori ninja clan.
Conclusion: In fact, the name Ninja, the real establishment of the name, is already late to the Edo era (Tokugawa Shogun era) . But it is also from this era that Japan has entered a relatively long period of peace, so the ninjas who lived as fighting and spying on the stage of history have become less and less active. Ninja professions follow. Many ninjutsu was lost because of its decline. The last record of ninja activities is that in the "Shimabara Rebellion" in 1637, ninjas fought as a regular army deployed by the shogunate.
The historical origin of Japanese ninjas: It has a great relationship with China
For more exciting, please pay attention to "Muzi Jun Kanshi", please criticize if there are any shortcomings Please correct me, please leave a message, and you must reply seriously! Thank you!
The pictures in the text are from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author.
