On the eve of National Day in 1954, Soviet leader Khrushchev led a delegation to Beijing and began his visit to China. However, during this visit, Khrushchev proposed a rather overwhelming thing: to send 1 million workers to the Siberian region of the Soviet Union to participate in labor and development.
No matter which country, 1 million is a huge population number. Chairman Mao had to think carefully about countermeasures, and his reply was tough and clever.
"Prison" game at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China
Many people are familiar with the name Khrushchev, but 1954 was still the "honeymoon period" between China and the Soviet Union. Even if China needs to reserve some of the proposals of the Soviet Union, it must respond in a more tactful way. Moreover, in the year Khrushchev came, the Soviet Union also provided China with large-scale economic construction, which also made China make rapid progress in infrastructure development.
From a political perspective, Stalin usually sits in Moscow and rarely go out for a walk. Khrushchev has also changed the norm and encouraged the Soviet Union to exchange and cooperate with China in a wider range of aspects from the official to the public.
Faced with such a change, Chairman Mao felt good about Khrushchev, so he also said: "I can still talk about it for the first time when I met Comrade Khrushchev."
However, Khrushchev also made a lot of "pranks" during this visit to China, which made people feel very nonsensical.
On October 9, 1954, the Municipal Committee of the Tourism University of Tourism received a secret telegram from Beijing, saying that Khrushchev and his group were going to visit the Tourism University of Tourism University, and the reception specifications must be arranged in advance to ensure the safety of the Soviet head of state.
After several days of detailed arrangements, on October 13, Guo Shushen, the first secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of the Tourism University, Song Li and others came to the airport to greet him. When the plane was 10 minutes away, they went to the terminal to wait.
Results, two consecutive 10 minutes passed, and the people who came to greet him never found the shadow of Khrushchev's special plane. Everyone was a little anxious and quickly confirmed to Beijing.
But Beijing's statement is: the plane has already left Capital Airport , and this point should have landed at Zhoushuizi Airport.
After receiving such a reply, the people in charge of the reception were frightened. If something happened to the plane, the United States, which was already eyeing it, would most likely incite distorted remarks again.
The Soviet Union also received news. They were also anxious and did not know what went wrong with the head of state, but there was no conclusion, and no one dared to guess anything.
Fortunately, a call came and said that Khrushchev had landed at Tuchengzi Soviet Army Airport in Lushunkou. It turned out that he suddenly made a decision after the plane arrived over the Lunar University, asking to land at Tuchengzi Airport. Such a temporary decision suddenly caused a "raid" for Tuchengzi Airport. The airport did not know how to receive the head of state, and the upper and lower parts were in a mess.
I don’t know what to do, Guo Shushen quickly took people to Tuchengzi Airport, but Khrushchev had already left in a military jeep.
After coming to the University of Tourism, Khrushchev also lived in an extremely luxurious hotel, and Chinese personnel were responsible for the periphery of vigilance.
I have to say that no matter whether Khrushchev was sleeping soundly or not, all the staff responsible for the alert were extremely nervous. If something happened to Khrushchev at that time, it would be an international event.
At night, a hotel waiter hurried to report and said that Khrushchev's room was brightly lit, but there were no people inside and no one knew where they were going.
The person in charge of the alert also did not see Khrushchev, so he quickly reported to him step by step. The people from the Public Security Bureau and the Municipal Party Committee also woke up. They all gathered near the hotel and looked for Khrushchev together.
What is ridiculous is that Khrushchev was eventually found in a warehouse-like place where he was already asleep in a small bed, and no one could explain what he was thinking.
Khrushchev's trip to China not only raised problems for the alert and service personnel, but also raised problems for Chairman Mao.
When they met with Chairman Mao, the content of the two talked very broadly, but the most important thing was the Soviet Union's economic assistance to the New China.
After coming to Beijing, he began to seriously study China's problems, because China is not as cold as the Soviet Union, and the number of residents is much higher than that of the Soviet Union. How to solve the employment problem will inevitably become a main direction for the ruling party to think.
As we chatted, Khrushchev also thought of a question that Comrade Stalin asked Chairman Mao: "Why didn't he attack Shanghai as soon as possible after crossing the Yangtze River in ?"
Chairman Mao replied at the time: "There are 6 million people there. If we attack Shanghai as soon as possible, we must solve the food problem of the people. At that time, we didn't have that much food."
This time, when both sides talked about population, a "good idea" popped up from Khrushchev's mind.
He said, "I just went to what you mentioned Vladivostok . It is a good coastal city built on a hillside. However, the city is empty at present. Apart from our fleet garrison, the population is too small. The Soviets are unwilling to come and the population is relatively small. Compared with you, there are a lot of 400 million people. We can support each other in this regard."
Chairman Mao of course knew that there was something in Khrushchev's words, and he was surprised after hearing it. He still wanted Khrushchev to say it clearly, so he asked, "Oh, what does this mean?"
also attended the meeting, Premier Zhou, Liu Shaoqi and others, and they were all waiting for Khrushchev's answer.
Khrushchev shook his head and said, "I haven't discussed this with the members of the presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. I just have this idea now. I think it is feasible. Doing this can also enable our two countries to unite closely and achieve common development." After saying this, Khrushchev picked up the tea on the table and took a sip, and then said, "We can recruit 1 million workers from China to Siberia area to help develop forest resources. On the one hand, it can help China solve the unemployment problem, and on the other hand, it can also promote the development of Siberia." As soon as the sentence
came out, everyone at the scene fell into thinking. From different angles, they would have different conclusions.
For example, the meters tall on the side believes that Stalin drove the Chinese residents of Vladivostok back to China 20 years ago, because the reason was that he was worried that the land would be sinicized. Therefore, he still held a different idea from Khrushchev, but he saw that Khrushchev had already said everything and didn't know what to do.
Khrushchev did make sense of this, but he thought it was relatively simple, just treating the population as a cold number and not thinking at the social level.
Khrushchev's decision needs to be treated with caution
Chairman Mao came out of the countryside. He led the Communist Party of China to go through hardships and obstacles to complete the great cause of founding the country. Countless people finally survived that displaced years and were dedicating to the construction of the New China. Chairman Mao was very clear about these.
Moreover, many railways in Canada, the United States and other places were exchanged for blood and sweat by Chinese people. Then China was not prosperous and strong enough, and it was helpless to be bullied. Now a brand new China has been established. Chairman Mao naturally did not allow such things to happen from a social perspective.
So, he said to Khrushchev, who was originally addicted to excitement:
"Comrade Khrushchev, for many years, the Western world has always believed that China is not developed enough and is poor and backward. If we adopt your suggestions, how can I explain it to the Chinese people and democratic parties?"
"Besides, after the 'one-sided' policy was proposed, the democratic party 's suspicion was made. The sound is loud. Hundreds of thousands of good Chinese children on the Korean battlefield have shed their blood, including my son Mao Anying. If we want to send 1 million young and strong labor to Siberia, we will encounter difficulties in our own business that is in ruins. ”
After listening to Chairman Mao’s explanation, Khrushchev felt uncomfortable. His starting point of thinking was indeed too considerate of the Soviet Union and did not actually consider the current situation of China.
is also the topic of 1 million labor force, which makes Khrushchev's face "lost light", and Chairman Mao is also a little depressed.
There was also a dinner after the talks that day, but Khrushchev still chose to end it quickly and went back to rest in advance.
Perhaps this incident made Khrushchev feel embarrassed. After being rejected by Chairman Mao, he was still imagining that he could find a way to promote this matter. So he gathered all the people with Migoyang, Burganing and others at his residence, so that everyone could brainstorm and think of ways to do this matter.
What Khrushchev did not expect was that almost all others did not agree with their ideas. Seeing that Khrushchev had time to study this issue carefully, Migoyang simply made it clear.
He told Khrushchev: " Russians are Europeans after all, with a deep-rooted Great Russian cultural psychology, and a sense of superiority of Slavs . From this perspective, they are also unwilling to introduce a large number of foreign workers." After
, Migoyang also analyzed the social problems for Khrushchev after a large number of workers came, and Khrushchev also regretted making this suggestion to Chairman Mao.
During the on-site discussion, Chairman Mao seemed to have seen the thoughts of the people around Khrushchev. Of course, as the leader of a country, he had to consider so much Soviet aid to China at that time.
On October 11 of that year, Chairman Mao met Khrushchev again.
This time, Chairman Mao directly pointed out to Khrushchev: "We decided to agree after researching the delivery of Chinese labor to Siberia."
But at this time Khrushchev was depressed. This suggestion was spoken from his own mouth. Now he was unwilling to do so after fully considering the pros and cons. As a world-class superpower, Khrushchev's words represent the Soviet Union and cannot go back on his word.
He had to bite the bullet and say, "You are right. Chinese people should build their own country. Of course we don't want to create difficulties for you. If you think this suggestion will hurt the Chinese people, then just pretend that we have not mentioned it."
But after a while, he felt that what he said really had the intention of going back on his word, so he simply found a way for himself: "A million workers are not useful now, and our logistics work is not up to par now. We can accept 200,000 people first."
In this way, Premier Zhou and Burganing signed an agreement: the Soviet Union recruited 200,000 workers from China to work in Siberia.
However, the final result of this matter was: a county in Hebei sent 7,000 workers to work in the Soviet Union, without any further information.
In the summer of 1955, the first batch of 1,000 workers and 3 management cadres from Hebei embarked on a long journey to the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union assigned them to three enterprises.
After coming to the Soviet Union, the Soviet side also allocated canned rice and canned soybeans to the workers. At that time, Chinese workers were still unable to eat bread and canned food, so they didn't even finish half of it.
From the perspective of this group of people, they were very worried before leaving, worried that life would be full of all kinds of discomforts and discomforts after they arrived at their destination, but as they arrived at their destination, the discomfort disappeared.
At the destination, the Soviet party and government departments and related enterprises held a grand welcome meeting for the workers. Everyone showed a very friendly side to the workers from China. The enterprises quickly organized them to go to movies, visit parks, etc., which made the Chinese workers very happy.
The Soviet Union also provided two-story employee dormitories for Chinese workers, and the interior was fully equipped and a reading room was brought.
worried that they would not understand the Soviet text, and the company also thoughtfully prepared Chinese workers " People's Daily " and " Workers' Daily " from China, so that they can understand the situation in their hometown at any time.
In this way, all the workers' problems were properly handled by the Soviet side.
Chinese workers who go out can always represent China's image. They understand this truth and are more down-to-earth and willing to work hard. They impressed many Soviet female workers with their simplicity and hard work.
Due to cultural differences, the situation of "women chasing men" in the Soviet Union occurred from time to time. A series of foreign romances occurred under such circumstances. In Jeddah, the Soviet Union, 8 Chinese workers had romantic relationships with Soviet female workers.
For this situation, both the Soviet officials and the Soviet enterprises supported it. They also clearly told the Chinese workers: "Marriage is allowed, but you need approval."
There are also enterprise managers who saw that the Chinese workers were very down-to-earth and willing to work hard, and said jokingly: "I don't plan to let these workers go back, so I have to find a way to make them all get married in the Soviet Union."
If the initial agreement is followed, more workers will go to the Soviet Union, but later the director of the Soviet Labor Reserve Bureau still declared: "The Soviet side has no plan to continue recruiting workers."
At this point, this matter was shelved, and many senior officials still knew the reasons, which also saved the face of both sides.
Looking back, this is also a manifestation of the game between great powers. Chairman Mao solved this problem with a wise way, which also allowed the "honeymoon period" between China and the Soviet Union to continue during that period.
reference
1954 Khrushchev visits China, requiring the introduction of millions of Chinese people Literature and History Expo
Khrushchev visited China three times Song Shuyu; Party History and Literature and Art
