Qi State (1044-221 years ago), the vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, was a vassal state in ancient Chinese history from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, it was named a marquis by Zhou Tianzi and divided into Jiang's Qi Kingdom and Hetian The two eras of Qi State. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, the territory of Qi was located in most of today's Shandong Province. The first emperor was Zhou Wu Kingdom division and military division Tai Gongwang (Jiang Ziya). It was jointly evaluated by Zuo Qiuming's "Twenty-seven Years of Zuo Zhuan·Xiang Gong", "Mandarin · Zheng Yu" and Sima Qian's "Historical Records · Chronology of Twelve Princes" as one of the top four countries in Spring and Autumn
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong, the monarch of Qi State, became the first of the five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, when Jiang Qi came to Qi Kanggong, the doctor Tianhe exiled Qi Kanggong on an island near the sea to "eat a city and worship him first." Tian He established himself as the monarch, which meant that the Tian clan replaced the Jiang clan and became the monarch of Qi. Of course, after Tian's generation of Qi, Tian still used Qi as his country name. In this context, two Qi Huan Gongs appeared in the history of Qi. The first one is known to women and children, while the second is little known.
First Qi Huangong
First of all, Qi Huangong is the first Qi Huangong, who is naturally the first of the five tyrants that everyone is familiar with-Qi Huangong. Qi Huangong (725 BC ~ September 12, 643 BC), surname Jiang, Lu's name, Xiaobai, the first of the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, one of the Five Hegemons of Spring and Autumn, and Jin Wen Gong and called "Qi Huan Jin Wen", BC Reigned from 685 to 643, and was the fifteenth monarch of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Before Qi Huangong came to the throne, there had been civil strife in Qi. Under this background, the son Xiaobai struggled with the son, and after success, he became the king of the kingdom, and it was Qi Huangong. After becoming the monarch of the Qi state, Qi Huangong served as the prime minister and promoted reforms throughout the Qi state, which made Qi state gradually prosperous. On the basis of the strong national power of Qi, Qi Huangong played the banner of "respect the king and fight against the barbarian" to participate in the hegemony of the princes of the Central Plains.
Qi Huangong met with the princes of Song, Chen, Cai and Chu in Beixing in 681 BC in order to quell the turmoil in the Song state. However, after Song State violated the covenant, Qi Huangong attacked Song State in the name of Emperor Zhou, forcing Song State to seek peace. This was the first time for the "Jiuhe Princes". In this regard, in the author's opinion, Qi Huangong used the name of the Zhou royal family to fight against the princes in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is quite like Cao Cao holding the emperor to make the princes. In the Spring and Autumn Period, although the Eastern Zhou royal family declined, in name, the Zhou royal family was still the emperor and had a certain appeal. In 679 BC, the princes and Qi Huangong were in the Juàn League, and Qi Huangong became the overlord of the princes in the world.
In addition, Qi Huangong also destroyed Tan, Sui, Zang and other small countries, which allowed Qi's overall strength to continue to increase. However, even though it was the first of the Five Hegemonies of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong did not allow Qi's hegemony to continue. In the later period of Qi Huangong's reign, especially after the death of Guan Zhong, he appointed Yi Ya, Zhu Diao, Fang Fang, Chang Zhi Wu and other villains, and finally on September 12, 643 BC (Yi Hai in October, 17th year of Lu Xi) ) Death from illness. And because the issue of heirs was not dealt with properly, the monarchs of Qi State changed frequently since Qi Huangong, that is, the civil strife caused Qi State to miss a good foundation for maintaining hegemony. After that, Jin and Chu competed for hegemony in the Central Plains, but Qi could no longer stand in the middle of the stage.
The second Qi Huangong
Tian Wu (400 BC-357 BC) was born during the Warring States Period. He was born in the fifth year of Qi Kanggong. He was the third Qi State monarch after Tian’s reign. He was called "Chen Houwu" (Shang Chen Xia Tu), "Zhu Shu Ji Nian" made Tian Houwu, "Historical Records" and other later historical materials made Tian Qi Huan Gong. After the Tian clan took the place of Qi, although the monarch of Qi changed from Jiang clan to Tian clan, for Tian clan, Qi continued to be used as the country name. Regarding Qi Huangong in the history of Tian's Qi Kingdom, it was called "Tian Qi Huangong" or "Qi Huan Gongwu" in history because it was the same as Qi Huangong Xiaobai of Jiang Qi, one of the "Spring and Autumn Five Dominations". In the early days of the Warring States period, Tian Qihuan’s real name was "Tianwu", and history records that he "killed his monarch and ru Zi for joy and became a man", meaning that he killed his brother Tian Yan and became independent.
In the end, when "Tian Qihuan" reigned, he killed his elder brother and caused civil strife, which gave various princes an excuse to interfere in Qi. At that time, Yan, Wei, Lu, Wei, and Zhao all attacked Qi to capture the territory of Qi. Tian Qihuan fought hard against the situation of internal and external troubles. In 370 BC, Qi not only resisted the attacks of Wei, South Korea, and Zhao, but also seized the sangqiu of Yan, gradually changing the situation of passive beating. In addition, forTian Qihuan, the monarch, founded the Jixia Academy during his reign, recruited the world's wise men, gathered disciples to give lectures, and wrote books. At a time, the talents are gathered, and they are flourishing.
During its prosperity, Jixia Academy brought together about a thousand scholars from all over the world, including famous scholars such as Mencius (Meng Ke), Chun Yufang, Zou Zi (Zou Yan), Tian Piao, Shen Zi (Shen Dao), Shenzi (Shen Buhu), Jiezi, Ji Zhen, Juanzi (Huanyuan), Peng Meng, Yin Wenzi (Yin Wen), Tianba, Ershuo, Lulianzi (Lu Zhonglian), Mozi (驺)奭), Xunzi (Xun Kuang), etc. In this regard, in the author's opinion, the establishment of Jixia Academy has laid a good foundation for the reform and prosperity of the Qi state. During the Warring States Period, Qi, Qin, Wei, South Korea, Chu, Zhao, Yan, etc. were all vigorously recruiting talents. For Qi, it was natural to gather high-quality talents through Jixia Academy. In general, in the history of Qi, the two Qi Huangongs were very accomplished monarchs, which also promoted the prosperity of Qi. What do you think of this?
