Preface
Speaking of Chiang Kai-shek , ordinary people will think that he is a vicious dictator and a "big landlord" who plunders the people's wealth and ointment. But the leaders of his era at that time had different comments.
In an article published by Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao once said:
"Chiang Kai-shek was a vicious man yesterday, but today is still a vicious man."
In addition to Chairman Mao, many people also commented on Chiang Kai-shek at that time. Among the many reviews, Chairman Mao’s evaluation is the most incisive, and Zhou Enlai’s comment is the most pertinent!
So, what kind of historical origins does Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek have? How did Premier Zhou Enlai evaluate him?
The origins of Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek
Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek are two important politicians in modern Chinese history. Their relationship is very subtle, both an opponent and a "friend". The first encounter between the two was at the meeting of the First National Congress of the Kuomintang held in 1924.
At that time, according to the decision of the Party Central Committee, Mao Zedong took a steamer from Shanghai to Guangzhou to attend the first plenary meeting of the Kuomintang's reorganization in January 1924.
On November 20, Mao Zedong attended the important meeting as a representative of the meeting. Most notably, both Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek attended the meeting. However, Mao Zedong attended the meeting as a "representative", while Chiang Kai-shek only obtained the qualification to attend the meeting.
In other words, the identities of the two should be Mao Zedong was higher than Chiang Kai-shek.
Although Mao Zedong was only one of the representatives of the Communist Party of China at that time. However, during the meeting, he also made great efforts to make his remarks, hoping to gain the recognition of the participants.
He repeatedly refuted the rightist remarks within the Kuomintang at that time with his consistent and sharp language.
On November 28, the plenary session was discussing the "Constitution of the Kuomintang". Fang Ruilin, a participant in the meeting of the Kuomintang, believed that this draft should add a "party members of the party shall not join other parties." Once the proposal of
was proposed, it immediately received the strong support of the right-wing Kuomintang at that time.
Faced with this situation, Mao Zedong spoke:
"Chairman! Chairman! On the speech of the 39th, this seat advocates stopping the discussion and should be paid to vote immediately."
Congress passed the principle of democracy and denied the remarks of the Kuomintang right with an absolutely overwhelming vote.
Then, Chairman Mao refuted the ideas of ulterior motives within the Kuomintang in sharp words at different meetings and occasions.
In this meeting, Sun Yat-sen also saw Mao Zedong's excellent personal abilities and his innovative thinking. Immediately, this young man who "superfies his flock" was appointed as one of the Kuomintang's constitution review committee members and was also elected as an alternate executive member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee. More than 6 years later, Mao Zedong recalled this experience and said that he and Chiang Kai-shek participated in the First National Congress of the Kuomintang. They just met each other and did not have too much intersection.
Time has passed since 1925, and this year was an extremely important day for China, which is about to carry out a revolution. On March 12 of that year, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution, unfortunately passed away. After the death of this important leader,
, the Kuomintang right began to openly oppose Communist .
In response to this, Mao Zedong immediately used " Political Weekly " as the base and wrote many targeted articles to counterattack the right-wing forces of the Kuomintang.
Finally, with the efforts of our party, this public opinion offensive by the right-wing Kuomintang finally ended in failure.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek became a " political star" within the Kuomintang with his military strength.
In January 1926, the Kuomintang held its second plenary meeting.During this meeting, Chiang Kai-shek was elected as the Central Executive Committee, while Mao Zedong was still an alternate Central Executive Committee. Chiang Kai-shek had directly grasped the military power of the Kuomintang!
On March 20, 20 of the same year, in order to seek greater political power, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched the " Zhongshan Ship Incident " that shocked the country.
Before the incident, Mao Zedong had already had a premonition that something was going to happen, because the Chairman had discovered that Zhongshan Ship had begun to leave his original station and head towards Huangpu.
Seeing this situation at the time, he immediately asked the important official, who said it was the order of Principal Jiang.
At the same time, he also discovered that the First Army controlled by Chiang Kai-shek had carried out an emergency mobilization. So he immediately reported these abnormal situations to Chen Yannian of the Central Committee and asked him to pay close attention to a series of trends of the Kuomintang. Chen Yannian did not take the proposal of Chairman
at the time, so after the incident, our party fell into an extremely passive position.
After the incident, the Chairman suggested that our party should fight back immediately. He asked for a meeting to be convened to punish Chiang Kai-shek.
However, the Chairman's suggestion was not adopted by Chen Duxiu and others. They adopted a policy of concession that was very different from the Chairman. The direct consequence of adopting this wrong policy was that Chiang Kai-shek's political ambitions were rapidly expanding.
Not long after, as the Chairman was concerned, Chiang Kai-shek was not satisfied with the regression of our party. On the contrary, after he took over the power of the Kuomintang, he launched the famous "April 12" counter-revolutionary incident.
Faced with the massacre of the Kuomintang, the Communists represented by Mao Zedong decisively chose to resist in an armed manner.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De jointly founded the famous Jinggangshan revolutionary base , and then repelled the Kuomintang's encirclement several times in succession, allowing Chiang Kai-shek to gradually see Mao Zedong, an opponent that should not be underestimated. What really made Chiang Kai-shek pay attention to Chairman Mao was in 1935. At that time, our Red Army troops suffered heavy losses from the enemy's encirclement and suppression. The whole party embarked on the 25,000-mile Long March. Mao Zedong also gradually established his central leadership position after the Zunyi Conference. In late August, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, the Red Army's right-wing army overcame many difficulties, walked through the deserted grassland, and successfully opened up the passage to Gansu.
When this telegram came, Chiang Kai-shek was shocked. Faced with the Red Army's resurrection, he was very frightened. In order to eliminate the Red Army and Chairman Mao, he spared no effort to issue an order:
"The winner of Mao Zedong alive was 100,000 yuan, and the winner of the first-level prize was 40,000 yuan."
After this, Chiang Kai-shek always tried every means to win Chairman Mao's life, but all his reactionary actions ended in failure. After the Liberation War, I had to retreat to Taiwan.
Chairman Mao once commented on this opponent in an article published, and said in the article:
"Cheng Kai-shek was a vicious man yesterday, but he was still a vicious man today."
In addition to Chairman Mao's evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek, our party, Premier Zhou Enlai, also commented on him.
The historical origins of Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek
Premier Zhou Enlai is a famous diplomat in the history of our party and the Premier of the State Council. His interactions with Chiang Kai-shek start with the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party , Sun Yat-sen learned from previous failures and learned from the experience of the Soviet Union. With the help of the Soviet Union, the famous " Whampoa Military Academy " was established.
The principal of the Whampoa Military Academy was Chiang Kai-shek. In order to gain a place in this important school, our party also sent a large number of capable party members to study at the Whampoa Military Academy.
First, to cultivate military talents under the leadership of our party, and second, to develop Marxist thought and increase the influence of our party in military academies.
And Zhou Enlai became a political instructor at the Whampoa Military Academy under the dispatch of the party organization.
In the military academy, in addition to teaching students knowledge, he also actively spreads Marxist ideas within the school.Zhou Enlai made the political life in the Whampoa Military Academy vivid and vivid.
works in the same unit, so where can you not meet? Chiang Kai-shek had long heard of Zhou Enlai's reputation.
Faced with Zhou Enlai's excellent work ability, Chiang Kai-shek thought of a sentence in his heart, "There is no vain under his reputation", and he just praised him as an "director talent".
, and Chiang Kai-shek's improvement on Zhou Enlai was still in his future work. After Zhou Enlai showed his unique military and political capabilities in pacifying the Guangzhou Merchants and Eastern Expeditions , he gradually realized that this figure, known as one of the beautiful men of the Republic of China, had such huge energy.
: Regarding Zhou Enlai's leadership ability, he once praised in a friend's meeting:
If I have several right-hand assistants at the Whampoa Military Academy, one is Zhou Enlai and the other is Deng Yanda.
From this passage, we can see that Chiang Kai-shek admired Zhou Enlai very much.
As Chiang Kai-shek gradually grasped the leadership of the Kuomintang through various means, in order to establish a pure National Government, he began various actions to exclude and isolate our party.
During the Eastern Expedition in 1925, he asked Zhou Enlai to hand over our party’s list of the Kuomintang to him. Faced with Chiang Kai-shek’s unreasonable request, Zhou Enlai refused righteously.
In fact, this matter was mainly about Chiang Kai-shek in order to test Zhou Enlai to see if he could use it for his own purposes.
If Zhou Enlai handed over the list at this time, he would definitely make a fortune in the future. He thought that no one could escape the temptation of fame and fortune, but what he didn't expect was that Zhou Enlai was the person he had unexpectedly expected.
Logically speaking, after this incident, Chiang Kai-shek should have given up his attempt to win over Zhou Enlai, but this is not the case.
In July 1926, before the Northern Expedition was sent, Chiang Kai-shek's subordinate Zhang Zhizhong suggested that Zhou Enlai be the director of the General Political Department of the Revolutionary Army, but Chiang Kai-shek made him the director of the Finance Committee out of concern.
Seeing that Chiang Kai-shek did not agree with his suggestions, Zhang Zhizhong had to sue. Soon after, Deng Yanda also suggested to Chiang Kai-shek that reusing Zhou Enlai would be a big addition to the cause of the Northern Expedition.
The two people's suggestions also awakened Chiang Kai-shek. He gradually realized that if a politician like Zhou Enlai could help him, his influence within the party would greatly increase and he might greatly expand his sphere of influence. Therefore, in view of the above considerations, Chiang Kai-shek once again extended an olive branch to Zhou Enlai.
But since Zhou Enzui joined the party, he has determined his revolutionary goals and strengthened his revolutionary beliefs. Faced with the intention of recruiting Chiang Kai-shek, he politely refused.
In the subsequent Agrarian Revolution, the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, he assisted Chairman Mao in defeating Chiang Kai-shek and establishing a new China.
Prime Minister's life and Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang, are friends and colleagues, and political enemies. The differences between the two are not about self-interest, but about choosing the future of the nation. Chiang Kai-shek is determined to establish a Chiang dynasty that is the only one. . Zhou Enlai and Chairman Mao wanted to establish a democratic country where the people were masters of their own country. The two sides had different fundamental beliefs, so they chose different paths later, and eventually had different endings.
For Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman Mao evaluated Chiang Kai-shek as a "vicious god", while the Prime Minister's evaluation was a politician with a lack of tactics, a good strategic vision, and excellent political talent.
Among the two people's evaluations, the Prime Minister's evaluation is more pertinent, while the Chairman's evaluation is the most incisive.
But at that time, in addition to the Chairman's incisive evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek, there were also Zhang Xueliang and 's evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek was also more realistic.
Zhang Xueliang initially followed Chiang Kai-shek, and later he led Northeast Change of Banquet , allowing this leader of the Kuomintang at that time to realize the ideal of unifying China.
At first, Zhang Xueliang was originally in awe of the leader, but in the subsequent interactions, the young Northeast marshal began to understand that Chiang Kai-shek was by no means a good leader, but rather a selfish dictator.
It is precisely because he saw this clearly that he no longer had any fantasies about Chiang Kai-shek. This also became one of the reasons why he launched the Xi'an Incident later. Regarding Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Xueliang once commented:
He has no central idea, his only central point is himself. In order to achieve his political interests, he will do anything and he has a strong sense of emperor autocracy.
summary
For Chiang Kai-shek, ordinary people would think that he was an autocratic dictator and a "big landlord" who did not stand on the people's side, but these evaluations were not comprehensive.
Among the people of Chiang Kai-shek's contemporaries, many people have commented on this modern Chinese historical figure. As Chiang Kai-shek's lifelong rival, Chairman Mao once commented on the opponent that he was a "vicious" dictator.
As a colleague of the Huangpu period, Premier Zhou also commented on the dictator, saying that he was a person with lack of tactics, good strategy, and excellent political talents. Among the many reviews, Zhou Enlai's evaluation is the most pertinent.
