The short life of China's "founder of modern architecture" and talented architect Lu Yanzhi!

2019/07/1615:51:26 history 757

A pair of round-framed black-rimmed glasses, horizontal eyebrows and vertical hair, straight nose, stern look, dressed in a cotton white coat with a front flap, eyes piercing into the distance... 35 years of life, for life In terms of the long river, it is like a shooting star, and you can't see it. For Lu Yanzhi, it was his entire life. Use life to create a monument of history, design the Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which is magnificent, blending the spirit of ancient Chinese and Western architecture, and praised the world for its unique ingenuity, solemn simplicity and other characteristics; the Zhongshan Memorial Hall is designed to stand tall in Guangzhou For nearly a century, Chairman Mao has been hailed as a model of "Chinese own design".

The short life of China's

To this day, the two major buildings are still serving as city cards representing China, showing the world the art of Chinese architecture. The designer of these two buildings was Mr. Lu Yanzhi, the first and only architect in modern Chinese history who was praised by the government.

Lv Yanzhi, whose name is Zhongyi, is not the old fool, was born in Chuzhou, Anhui Province, and is a famous Chinese architect. In 1911, he was admitted to the Preparatory Department of Tsinghua School in the United States. After graduating in 1913, he entered Cornell University. He first studied electrical and then changed to architecture. As an assistant to the famous American architect Henry Murphy, he attended Jinling Women’s University (now The planning and design of the campuses of Nanjing Normal University) and Yenching University (now Peking University) also depicted a large number of architectural patterns of the Forbidden City in Beijing. In 1925, his profound knowledge and unremitting pursuit condensed into a glorious monument, glorious in the history of Chinese architecture and in the world of outstanding architecture.

In May 1925, the funeral preparation office of Mr. Sun Yat-sen asked architects and artists at home and abroad to solicit the architectural design patterns of the tomb. In September, with a simple and solemn bell-shaped pattern (referring to the overall cemetery), he won the first prize among more than 40 design schemes. Soon he was hired by Mr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral preparation committee to serve as the architect of the tomb and supervise the tomb project. In May 1927, the Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and monument designed by him, won the first place among 28 Chinese and foreign architects' design proposals, and has since become famous at home and abroad. During the construction of the main part of the Zhongshan Mausoleum, he disregarded his personal safety, traveled between Shanghai and Nanjing, stayed in the mountains for a long time, and supervised the construction. To ensure the quality of the project, material selection and supervision are meticulous. Eventually become ill due to overwork.

The short life of China's

Zhongshan Mausoleum is dominated by distinctive and strong ethnic style. It is built on the hillside with a vertical layout. 392 steps and 10-story platforms form a wide and long tomb passage. The archways, mausoleum gates, stele pavilions and sacrificial halls of traditional Chinese structures form a grand bell-shaped building. The group is surrounded by rows of pines and cypresses, ginkgo, and red maple guarding the two sides, surrounded by Huabiao, bronze tripods, stone lions and stars. Standing in the square in front of the mausoleum and looking up to the north, passing the archways, mausoleum gates and stele pavilions arranged in sequence, the sacrificial hall and tomb chamber are located at the highest position of the entire mausoleum. Layers of glazed tile roofs emit a royal blue flash, quiet and lofty, leading people's eyes and inexhaustible thoughts to the open blue sky.

The windows on the east and west sides of the worship hall, the black marble inlaid on the lower half of the four walls, and the hemispherical ceiling in the tomb room are borrowed from Western architecture, so that the east and west sides of the worship hall The windows on the side, the black marble inlaid on the lower half of the four walls, the hemispherical ceiling in the tomb room, etc. are borrowed from Western architecture, thus making the atmosphere of the sacrificial hall and the tomb room more solemn, giving people a sky high. The sense of breadth.

This perfect fusion of Chinese and Western architectural styles is another crystallization of countless people with lofty ideals "open their eyes to see the world, rise up to save China", "Western learning is spreading to the east, and foreign countries serve China" after the Opium War in 1840. It's like Mr. Zhongshan's democratic and republican thought, the spirit of being public, and the heart of fraternity.

The short life of China's

To reproduce Mr.’s thought, spirit and fraternity as soon as possible, after being appointed as the architect of the Zhongshan Mausoleum, Lu Yan went straight day and night to travel back and forth between the warlords of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, where the warlords were fighting. between. In the constant travel difficulties, hunger and cold, it took only two months to draw the architectural details of the Zhongshan Mausoleum. Later, he participated in the bidding and opening of the main project, namely the tomb and sacrificial hall, and participated in the final selection of the specific location of the tomb. A lot of detailed work and excessive fatigue made him ill in bed, and he was unable to attend the groundbreaking ceremony of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in March 1926.

In March 1929, when the main part of the tomb and sacrificial hall of Zhongshan Mausoleum were about to be completed, Lu Yanzhi, who was also an architect, supervisor, material inspector, and inspector, became ill due to heavy work.

The short life of China's

In early 1928, Lu Yanzhi was diagnosed with liver cancer. He took it easy, on the one hand, first told his fiancé Yan Zhuan, who was far away in Beijing, the bad news, and asked her to make other plans. On the other hand, he devoted himself to the research and formulation of the planning and design draft of the capital Nanjing at that time. Before the Spring Festival of 1929, Lu Yanzhi, who was not getting better, returned to his apartment at No. 55 Gubo Road, Shanghai to recuperate. He wrote down his will and explained his unfinished work, and asked Huang Tanfu and his colleagues to complete the remaining works of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in accordance with the original plan; carry out the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and monument in Guangzhou.

In the early morning of March 18, 1929, Lu Yan stopped breathing. After Yan Zhuan learned, he was distraught. Soon he decided to become a monk in the western suburbs of Beijing, and his hair was cut to nun.

The short life of China's

In April 1929, the preparatory committee for the funeral of Mr. Zhongshan decided that in the cornerstone laying room of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Sacrifice Hall, the stele of Lu Yan Naoki should be recorded. In May 1930, the Prime Minister’s Cemetery Management Committee decided to build a monument for Lu Yan in the foundation laying room. The monument was carved by the Czech sculptor Gao Qi, the author of the lying portrait of Mr. Zhongshan. The inscription is written by Yu Youren: "The Prime Minister's Tomb Architect Lu Yanzhi supervised the mausoleum to work and died and the Prime Minister's Cemetery Management Committee decided to commemorate the standing stone on May 28th, 19th." The upper part of the monument is a bust of Lu Yanzhi. In the portrait, his tightly buttoned collar and simple and neat hair style illustrate his strict and meticulous attitude towards life and work; while the straight nose and closed, angular lips give people a deep impression. His upper body is slightly leaning forward, his clear face slightly to the left with his sharp and keen gaze, as if he is patrolling the construction site with blueprints, strictly examining the project......

The short life of China's

Lu Yanzhi exhausted his young life, and permanently recorded the bell of democracy and freedom ringed by Mr. Zhongshan in the mausoleum of this great pioneer of the revolution. With the rotation of the sun, the moon and the stars, and the purple gold Lin Tao, blown by the mountain breeze, kept playing to the world. At the same time, he also made his name, the name of a designer and architect who wrote a groundbreaking chapter in the history of Chinese architecture, remain in people's memory.

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