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Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery is the cemetery with the highest standards and the highest organizational structure among cemeteries in the country. It is also a very rare garden landscape in my country that combines educational and revolutionary elements.
But what attracts the most attention is that many great figures of New China are buried in the Babaoshan Cemetery. But do you know who was the first person buried in the Babaoshan Cemetery in Beijing? What are the unique features of Cemetery No. 81? Who is the unnamed tombstone erected for?
The first person buried in Babaoshan Cemetery
In 1950, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, a revolutionary cemetery was built in Babaoshan, Beijing. After years of expansion and repair, Beijing Babaoshan has become a multi-functional, multi-landscape, solemn and solemn garden-style revolutionary cemetery.
The history of the construction and use of Babaoshan can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty Yongle period. At that time, the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty wanted to find a place to rest and started the development of Babaoshan, but they only carried out simple land reclamation.
Babaoshan was really used in modern times. In 1946, the Kuomintang transformed Babaoshan into the Martyrs' Shrine. However, the Kuomintang was already declining at that time. The main purpose of building this Martyrs' Shrine was also the Kuomintang officials at the time who wanted to make money from it.
After the founding of New China, in order to commemorate the revolutionary martyrs, the construction of a revolutionary cemetery was proposed many times. In order to satisfy public opinion to the greatest extent without wasting too much money and people, the central government decided to transform Babaoshan into a revolutionary cemetery.
In 1950, after one year of design and construction, Babaoshan Cemetery was officially renamed Beijing Revolutionary Cemetery to bury revolutionary martyrs who made outstanding contributions to New China.
Lin Huiyin
It is worth mentioning that one of the designers of Babaoshan Cemetery is a famous talented woman and a famous architectural designer in my country, Ms. Lin Huiyin. Lin Huiyin is the first female architectural designer in the history of our country. She participated in the design of the national emblem of New China and is an outstanding woman in the modern history of China.
Lin Huiyin is well-known because of her romantic and ups and downs life. Her love with Liang Sicheng is also praised by people. As the designer of Beijing Babaoshan Cemetery, Lin Huiyin was eventually buried here.
Many people, such as Lin Huiyin, who have made outstanding contributions to the development of our country, were buried in Babaoshan Cemetery after their deaths. But who was the first to be buried in Babaoshan Cemetery?
Zhou Enlai
The first batch of martyrs at the Babaoshan Cemetery were Wang Hebo and 17 other martyrs who were killed in Beijing. The funeral was hosted by Premier Zhou Enlai and was mainly to show the public the use and opening of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
Strictly speaking, these dozen people were not actually buried in Babaoshan Cemetery, because these dozen people had already been buried at that time and were transferred into Babaoshan Cemetery. The person who is really buried in Babao Mountain is Ren Bishi, the famous general of New China.
The name Ren Bishi must be familiar to everyone. As one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, Ren Bishi made significant contributions to our country's revolutionary cause. He not only participated in many major meetings of the Communist Party of my country, but also played an important role in the construction of the army as one of the few senior figures in the military during the Long March.
Ren Bishi was known as the "grandma" in the army because of his gentle personality. Although this nickname sounds derogatory, it is actually a perfect reflection of the trust of the soldiers.
In 1950, Ren Bishi died of illness at the age of 46. As the first national leader to die in New China, Ren Bishi's death was a loss to New China. With the approval of the Party Central Committee, Ren Bishi was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
Ren Bishi
In order to reflect the importance of the first person to be buried in Babaoshan Cemetery, Ren Bishi's cemetery covers an area of the largest, covering a full 300 square meters, which is enough to reflect the central government's attention and respect for him.
Ren Bishi's burial marked Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery as the first cemetery of revolutionary martyrs in New China. It shoulders the task of burying many important figures in New China. Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery has gone through ups and downs and is also the pioneer institution of many policies in our country.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, our country basically used corpses to be buried directly, which was a waste of land resources and also caused damage to the environment. Therefore, the central government promoted cremation and burial throughout the country.
There are always many problems to face when implementing new policies, and the same is true for the cremation system. At this time, it was the revolutionary martyrs of New China who took the first step of reform.
Many new Chinese leaders, including Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and Mr. Peng, have taken the initiative to sign cremation agreements after death in order to implement the cremation and burial system nationwide.
At this time, Babaoshan undertook this important task and set up a place for storing ashes, which became a model of national tomb reform.
Special Cemetery No. 81
Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery is the first revolutionary cemetery in New China. Many revolutionary martyrs are buried in it, but there are also many very special cemeteries. To this day, people who go to worship will stop in these cemeteries. Among them, Cemetery No. 81 attracts the most people. Who is buried in Cemetery No. 81? What's so special about it?
There is such a cemetery in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. Whether ordinary people or relevant departments, they not only pay homage to this cemetery during the New Year and festivals, but even on weekdays, it is full of flowers and offerings.
The person buried in this cemetery was not hidden in Babaoshan Cemetery immediately after his death, but was transferred to Babaoshan six years after his death. However, his status has not been shaken yet. When people mention this person, their eyes are always full of regret and regret. The owner of this tomb is Marshal He Long.
He Long, born in 1896, was a great proletarian revolutionist and strategist. He was one of the founders of the People's Army and New China. He made great contributions to our country's democratic revolution .
He Long was born in a poor family. When he was young, He Long participated in the Revolution of 1911 organized by Sun Yat-sen . He was imprisoned many times for the revolution, but he never succumbed.
He Long
He Long's revolutionary career is legendary. It is rumored that he used two kitchen knives to make revolution and form an armed peasant team. It was under such conditions that He Long successfully established a team belonging to the working class and the peasant class in the modern Chinese warlord pattern.
When He Long made his contribution, even the Communist Party of China was still in its infancy. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party collapsed. During the April 12 Incident, he witnessed many revolutionaries being massacred by the Kuomintang. He Long firmly supported our party.
In 1927, He Long led the Nanchang Uprising, and was later introduced to join the Communist Party of China. Since then, He Long has served as the main general of our party and carried out armed uprisings and revolutionary activities in many places.
He Long participated in hundreds of major battles, large and small, and made great contributions to the founding of New China. He experienced the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation. After the founding of New China, he worked with Deng Xiaoping to liberate border areas such as Tibet and Xinjiang.
In 1954, He Long served as vice premier of the State Council of New China and many other important positions, and actively participated in the economic and military construction of New China.
But just a few years later, He Long was severely injured. He resisted and fought tenaciously and eventually died.
However, New China will not forget any martyrs who have made contributions. Six years after He Long's death, the central government specially approved the transfer of He Long's cemetery to the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, which can be regarded as the best consolation for He Long's life.
In addition to He Long’s Cemetery No. 81, Babaoshan also has many familiar figures who are very important to New China. One of them had a very special identity. His burial in Babaoshan Cemetery went through a lot of controversy, but the central government finally chose to bury him there. This person was Aisin Gioro Puyi.
Puyi
As the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty , Puyi's life was extremely bumpy. After the Revolution of 1911 in 1911, Puyi was forced to abdicate and changed from the emperor of China to the emperor of Beijing city .
After the Japanese invaded China, Puyi, with his own dream of rejuvenating the country, became the emperor of the puppet Manchukuo several times and became Japan's puppet to control the northeastern region of our country.
In 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered and Puyi was captured by the Soviet army. He was escorted back to China in 1950 and was taken over by New China. Facing this man with a complicated identity, New China gave the last emperor dignity to the greatest extent from a historical perspective.
Although Puyi still went through several years of prison life, compared to many traitors who worked for the Japanese, Puyi's ending was very good. After being released from prison, Puyi worked in Beijing Botanical Garden, became an ordinary citizen, and died of illness in 1967.
After Puyi's death, the central government fully respected the opinions of Aixinjueluo this special family and gave many burial opinions, including burial in an ordinary cemetery, the original royal cemetery, and the controversial Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
At that time, people's general attitude towards Puyi was pity and indifference, but many people still expressed different views on accepting that the former emperor was buried in the revolutionary cemetery.
After comprehensive deliberation by the central government, it was believed that Puyi's fate was brought about by his status, and in the process, Puyi did his best to contribute to the New China Revolution.
The Aixinjueluo family finally chose to bury Puyi in Babaoshan Cemetery. The state held a burial ceremony for him, and many important figures attended.
During the feudal period, the meaning of Babaoshan was a mountain made of eight kinds of gemstones. Being able to be buried in Babaoshan after death was considered the best ending for the last emperor.
The Unnamed Tombstone in Babaoshan
Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery contains the burials of many important figures, including Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liang Sicheng, Lin Huiyin and other well-known figures. However, there is also a very special cemetery in it, which is beautifully placed, but there is not a word on the tombstone. It is a truly unnamed tombstone. Who is the owner of his tomb? What's the story behind it?
Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery was established with the approval of the central government. The unnamed graves among them are definitely not forgotten or missing information, but intentional by the central government.
The owner of the unnamed tombstone is Yan Youwen. This name sounds very unfamiliar to everyone, but this man made a great contribution to New China. It can even be said that without him, there would be no peaceful liberation of Beiping.
Speaking of the peaceful liberation of Peiping , the first thing that people think of must be the Kuomintang general Fu Zuoyi. Facing the People's Liberation Army, he led hundreds of thousands of troops to voluntarily surrender, saving the city of Peiping from the flames of war, and maximizing the safety of the people in Peiping.
But in fact, nothing happens that simply. Behind it is the hard work of countless people with lofty ideals. Yan Youwen was one of the important contributors to the peaceful liberation of Peking.
Fu Zuoyi
As a KMT general, Yan Youwen graduated from Shanxi University. After graduation, he went directly to work in the KMT government department. On the surface, Yan Youwen looked good, young and promising, but in fact, Yan Youwen was still an underground worker of our party and made contributions to the intelligence of the KMT.
After the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Yan Youwen has been hiding within the Kuomintang. He began to work for Ma Hongkui , one of the three horses in the northwest, and was later transferred to Fu Zuoyi's staff.
From the northwest region to Peiping, Yan Youwen continued to be promoted, but he never coveted the high positions and high salaries of the Kuomintang. He understood that if China wanted to stand up again, it absolutely could not rely on these Kuomintang warlords.
Yan Youwen
Under Fu Zuoyi, Yan Youwen continued to collect the most confidential information and sent it back to our party, so that our party could take advantageous actions based on the information.Yan Youwen's latent operation was successful. Fu Zuoyi had 100% trust in him and would even discuss many major issues with Yan Youwen.
1948 was an important node in the Huaihai Battle. At that time, Fu Zuoyi led hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops and was able to play a decisive role in the war situation.
Therefore, the central government issued an order to Yan Youwen to let him fully understand Fu Zuoyi's thoughts. It would be best if he gave up supporting the North China region. At this time, Fu Zuoyi was also entangled. As a KMT general, he should support, but he also realized that the People's Liberation Army was powerful and difficult to defeat.
Under the entanglement, Yan Youwen played an important role. Under his influence, Fu Zuoyi did not send troops in the end, and our army was able to completely wipe out the enemy troops and promote the liberation of North China. After
, Yan Youwen almost fully grasped Fu Zuoyi's important information. During the negotiations for the peaceful liberation of Peking, the central government had enough information to make Fu Zuoyi's little thoughts impossible to hide.
After the founding of New China, in order to stabilize the situation and protect underground workers like Yan Youwen, the central government decided not to disclose the identities of these people and secretly arranged new jobs for them.
Yan Youwen worked for the country in this way until his death. More than 20 years after his death, the central government finally disclosed his identity and informed Yan Youwen’s family of relevant information. Such an underground member of the CCP who had been hiding for many years finally came to light.
Yan Youwen was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery after his death. Since the situation was still unclear when he died, an unnamed tombstone was used at the center, with the idea that the inscription could be rewritten for him after his identity was revealed.
But Yan Youwen’s unnamed tombstone has since become a symbol, not only representing Yan Youwen’s work experience of hiding his identity for many years, but also representing the countless underground workers who have contributed to New China.
With the consent of Yan Youwen’s family, the unnamed tombstone was preserved and became a unique scenery in Babaoshan Cemetery, where people pay homage to it every year.
Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery has a long history. After the founding of New China, it became the home of many revolutionary martyrs and people with lofty ideals. We pay homage to them in the cemetery and remember their dedication and efforts.
What do you want to say to these people with lofty ideals who have sacrificed their lives and youth for the Chinese revolution? What other revolutionary stories do you know? Feel free to leave your stories and thoughts in the comment area.
