The first minister of the Sui Dynasty, known as the "true prime minister", was the first minister of the Sui Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zhaoxuan and his name is Min. He was from Bohailuo (now Jingxian County, Hebei). His father was a member of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. He fled to the Western Wei Dynasty because he avoided slander. He was named Dugu Xin as his subordinate and was given the surname Dugu.
When he was young, he was very careful and had a good foundation in literature and history, and was particularly good at rhetoric. At the age of seventeen, the Northern Zhou Dynasty was cited as the record room. When Emperor Wu was appointed as the title of Wuyang County . He was moved from a scholar of the inner historian to a doctor. Because of the achievements of Pingqi, I will be worshipped at the founding palace. Emperor Xuan ascended the throne, and Xizhou Jihu was in chaos. He began to show his military talent after King Yue Yuwen Sheng .
Northern weekend, Yang Jian is the prime minister of the left, taking charge of the government affairs and Yintu Zen. He was always aware of Gao Yang and was very smart, and he was also aware of military affairs. He had many strategies and wanted to use him as an assistant, so he sent Yang Hui to show off. Gao Jin happily accepted the order and said, "I am willing to be driven. Even if the business is not done, Jin Jin will never refuse to destroy the clan." In this way, he became the Prime Minister's Office and became Yang Jian's confidant. At this moment, Xiangzhou General Manager , Yuchi Jiong, launched a war against Yang Jian. Yang Jian sent famous generals Wei Xiaokuan and others to attack. The army arrived at Wuzhi (now Henan), and was separated from the enemy's Qinshui into a formation, and they refused to advance. Yang Jian was afraid that there would be any changes, so he sent a confidant to supervise the army. First, I asked Shao Nei Shi Cui Zhongfang to go, and Zhongfang said that his father was in Shandong. Also called Liu Fang, , Zheng Yi, , Liu Fang said that he had never led his troops to fight, and Zheng Yi said that his mother and elders were inconvenient to travel far.
Yang Jian was feeling the problem, but Gao Yang stepped forward and asked to go there. Yang Jian agreed happily. After Gao Jin was ordered, even his mother had no time to say goodbye, so she set out immediately. He arrived at the front line and built a bridge on Qinshui. After crossing the army, he ordered the bridge to burn it to prevent the soldiers from looking back. So Wei Xiaokuan led his army to fight and defeated the enemy. The enemy general Yuchi Dun (Jiaozi) fled alone. Wei Xiaokuan took advantage of the victory and chased to Yexia (now Anyang, Henan). Yuchi Jiong refused to fight with all his might, but Xiaokuan and other troops were unfavorable and refused. Gao Yang, generals Yuwen Xin , Li Xun and others designed to break it and then pacified Yuchi Jiong. Therefore, Gao Yang gained more trust from Yang Jian, and was promoted to the position of , , and was renamed Duke of Yining County, and was transferred to Sima of the Prime Minister's Office. Yang Jian proclaimed himself emperor, and appointed Wang as the left servant, and accepted the words. He was granted the title of Duke of Bohai County and was appointed as the general of the left leader. He was favored for a while, "no court officials compared them with them." In the past nearly twenty years, Gao Yang assisted Emperor Wen of Sui and made important contributions in politics, economy and military aspects.
In terms of politics, in the first year of Kaihuang (581), Gao Jin was ordered to revise the criminal law with Zheng Yi, Yang Su and others, "producing more and more the system of Qi after the Qi system was quite profitable and loss", formulating new law, and requesting the promulgation. The new law abolished the beheading, wings and whipping, reduced the imprisonment, and also abolished some "Chu Poison" methods of imprisonment, such as using big sticks, sticks, carriage spokes, bottoms, and ankles. A certain degree of improvement was made to the old law. In the second year of Kaihuang, Emperor Wen of Sui used the old city of Chang'an and . Since the Han Dynasty, he has experienced many wars and withered for a long time. Under the plot of Su Wei, Gao Bing and others, he decided to create a new capital in Longshouyuan and lead the new capital chief with Gao Bing. "The system is mostly out of the capital." It laid the foundation for the prosperity of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty. Other administrative and official systems, mostly under the auspices of Gao Jin, considered profits and losses, established new systems, and consolidated the unified situation of the Sui Dynasty.
In terms of economy, since the Northern Qi Dynasty, "tyrants are slow to officials, and heavy taxes are heavy to work hard", and many poor farmers have been forced to become powerful households, seriously affecting the national fiscal revenue. Gao Yang suggested adopting the "determining the sample of the lost household" measure, "to determine the name and reduce the number, so that people can know that the tax was collected by the strong family, and to serve the gangsters and give them a sign of reduction." Therefore, "the people are grateful for their kindness, but the evil ones have no place to be", and significant results have been achieved.
Du You commented in " Tongdian ": "Ask a light tax method, and floating customers will be transferred to the registered households. The prosperity of the Sui Dynasty is actually due to this." In the eighth year of Kaihuang, Gao Jin believed that "there are no mediation in the states, and those who manage the number of households in the states will always have the salary and power of the officials to follow the nearby states." It was not reasonable, so he requested "to collect taxes within the households under his jurisdiction", which also properly solved the salary problem of these officials.
In terms of military affairs, Gao Yang's performance is also outstanding. In the second year of Kaihuang, he participated in the battle to attack Chen. Because Emperor Xuan of Chen passed away, Jin asked for a request to join the army because of the rituals. So Emperor Wen of Sui asked Gao Bing about Chen's strategy. Gao Bing suggested that every time the autumn harvest of Jiangnan, "there was a small number of soldiers and horses, and the attack was blocked, and he would station troops to guard the army, which would be enough to abolish the farming season." After the collection, he "sentiated the travelers to set fire due to the wind" and burned their "storage", "and thus the Chen people became more and more devastated." In the ninth year of Kaihuang, the Sui army launched a large-scale attack on Chen. King of Jin Yang Guang and others were the marshals of the army, and Gao Gong was the chief marshal. "The three armies are consulted and reported to each other, and they are all cut off from the throne." The dynasty is “the area is divided, and there is no stagnation.” And Chen Shubao was captured, Gao Feng first entered Jiankang , Yang Guang sent someone to inform him, ordering Chen Shubao to stay in Zhang Lihua . Gao Feng said, "In the past, Tai Gong was masked to kill Daji, how could he keep Lihua now!" So he killed her. When Yang Guang learned about it, his face immediately changed and said, "The former people said, 'I will not repay you without virtue,' I will repay you with you with Gong Gao!" From then on, I held a grudge against Gao Gong. Gao Yang and the Marshal's Mansion Records Office Pei Ju collected pictures and enfeoffed the treasury, and had no money to obtain.
This war ended the dispute between the north and the south since the Eastern Jin and achieved national unity. Gao Yong added the state of the pillar with his merits, and promoted the title of , Duke of Qi, and gave him nine thousand pieces of money. Emperor Wen of Sui comforted him and said, "After the Duke attacked Chen, people said that he had rebelled, and I have been beheaded. The king and ministers are in harmony, and it is not a place where the blue flies." Emperor Wen ordered Bing to talk about the peace of the matter with He Ruobi . Jin said, "He Ruobi first offered ten strategies, and then fought hard in Jiangshan to defeat the thief. I am a civil servant, how dare I discuss the merits with the general!" Emperor Wen laughed and praised him for his virtue of humility.
Gao Yang also made many contributions in the war against the Turks. In the early Sui Dynasty, the Turkic forces were extremely strong and repeatedly plundered the border. In the third year of Kaihuang, Emperor Wen issued an edict and launched a large-scale attack, using Hejian Wang Yang Hong, Shangzhu Guodou Lu Jie, Dou Rongding , left Pushe Gao Yang, right Pushe Yu Qingze as marshals, and went out of the frontier in separate channels. Sha Boluo Khan was defeated and fled. After returning, he gave more than a hundred horses and a thousand cattle and sheep.
Sha Boluo later surrendered to the Sui Dynasty and maintained border peace for a period of time. Later, the Khan of Dulan was a border trouble again. In the 19th year of Kaihuang, he ordered the king of Han, Yang Liang as the marshal. The left servant Gao Yang went out of Shuozhou, the right servant Yang Su went out of Lingzhou, and the upper pillar country, Yan Rong went out of Youzhou road, and launched a large-scale attack on Dulan. Gao Jin envoy Shangzhu Kingdom Zhao Zhongqing The commander of three thousand soldiers was the vanguard. He went to Lishan Mountain and met the Turks. He fought for seven days and defeated them. He chased them to Qifubo and defeated them again. The enemy captured many live mouths and miscellaneous animals. The Turks arrived in a large-scale manner, Zhongqing was a square formation, resisting the battle from all sides, and persisting for five days. Gao Yang led a large army to attack together. The Turks were defeated and chased Baidao, and returned over 700 miles across Qinshan. Yang Su also defeated Datou Khan , thus winning a great victory.
Gaobing not only has outstanding talents, but also is good at identifying talents. Almost all famous civil and military ministers of the Sui Dynasty were recommended by him. " Sui Shu " states: "Ji has a broad strategy of civil and military affairs, and is aware of the world. After Meng Renshi, he was sincere and honest, and introduced the throne to the world, and took the responsibility of the world as his own. Su Wei, Yang Su, He Ruobi, Han Qin (Hu), etc., were all recommended by Ji, and they all made their own uses and became famous officials of a generation. There are countless people who have made contributions and made contributions from meritorious service." Gao Ji also dared to protect talents.
Emperor Wen of Sui once wanted to kill the general Shi Wansui for reasons. Wang asked, "Shi Wansuixiong skipped people, and he always led the army wherever he used troops. He was very good at comforting the soldiers and was happy to work hard. Even the famous generals in ancient times failed to pass." Wansui was therefore spared from his death, and later established a special merit when he attacked the Turks. Gao Yang was loyal to Emperor Wen of Sui and was rare in feudal society when he talked about ministers. He spoke and offered advice when encountering events, and was very pertinent and accepted by Emperor Wen. He also dared to give advice and did not care about personal gains and losses.
When Emperor Wen of Sui was intending to depose the crown prince Yang Yong and appointed King Yang Guang as the crown prince, he said to Gao Jin: "The princess of Jin has a god to rely on it, and he said that the king must have the world. What if it is?" Gao Jin knelt down and said, "The elders and young people are orderly, can they be deposed?" Emperor Wen said silently after hearing this. But it has deeply aroused the suspicion of Queen Dugu .In the 18th year of Kaihuang, Goryeo once invaded western Liaoning. Emperor Wen of Sui wanted to send troops to attack, and Gao Jin firmly requested not to use troops. However, Emperor Wen did not listen. He appointed King Yang Liang of Han and Wang Shiji as the marshal of the army, led a large army of water and land to attack Goryeo, and sent Gao Yang as the chief historian of the Han Dynasty, and actually presided over military work. Gao Yong still obeyed Emperor Wen's decision and went to the war. Unexpectedly, the army left Linyu Pass (now Shanhai Pass) and had an epidemic. The navy spread from Donglai (now Ye County, Shandong) to the sea. When there was a strong wind, many ships were floating. Eighty-nine out of ten soldiers died, but they returned in vain.
From falling out of favor to being killed
For a long time, Emperor Wen of Sui has trusted and relied heavily on Gao Yong. Gao Yang avoided power deeply and repeatedly resigned from official positions. Emperor Wen issued an edict saying: "The public is well-versed in understanding and has a broad range of knowledge and profound skills. He went to the military rules, cleared the Weihai, and entered the brigade. He was really intimate. Since I received the order, I have always been a regular and stable man, and I have devoted my efforts to the fullest. This is a good assistant from heaven, and I praise me, but I am lucky to have no words." These words fully demonstrated the deep friendship between the king and the minister. Although some people with ulterior motives at that time, such as the Right Guard General Pang Huang and the General Lu Ben, said bad things about Gao Bing in front of Emperor Wen, and were instead "demolished". Therefore, Emperor Wen said to Gao Bing: "Dugu Gong is like a mirror. Every time he is polished, it is brighter and brighter." In the tenth year of Kaihuang, Emperor Wen went to Jinyang (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) and ordered Gao Bing to stay in the custody. When he returned to the capital, he was given five thousand pieces of silk and one palace was given to him as a house. Gao Bing's wife was ill, and Emperor Wen sent envoys to ask questions, and there were endless streams. Gao Biaoren, the son of Gao Biaoren, married the daughter of Prince Yong as his wife, and married the royal family, and rewarded him with great difficulty.
However, Emperor Wen of Sui, who was "naturally guessed and had no academic knowledge", could not maintain his trust in Gao Yang. This is closely related to the struggle within the royal family. Emperor Wen of Sui had his favorite concubine, Yuchi, who was killed by Empress Dugu. Emperor Wen ran away in anger and chased him. Gao Jin caught up with him and advised him hard: "Your Majesty, why should you be a woman to be a woman?" Empress Dugu originally thought that Gao Jin was her father's guest, and he was very kind to him. At this time, he heard Gao Bing say that she was a woman and was dissatisfied. At that time, Emperor Wen of Sui and his wife were about to abolish the crown prince Yong and make King Guang of Jin the crown prince. Gao Yang expressed his objection, and Dugu wanted to get rid of him secretly. When Gao Yang's wife died, Dugu Queen said to Emperor Wen: "Gao Pu She is old and has lost her wife. Why can Your Majesty not marry her for you?" Emperor Wen told Gao Yang this. Gao Feng burst into tears and thanked, "I am old now. After retiring from the court, I only live in a barge and read Buddhist scriptures. Although Your Majesty's sorrow is so deep that it is not what I wish to accept the room." Emperor Wen gave up. Soon, Gao Yan's concubine gave birth to a boy. Emperor Wen was very happy to learn that, but the queen didn't like it. Emperor Wen asked her what was the reason, and Dugu said, "Your Majesty should believe in Gao Bing again? First, Your Majesty wanted to marry him, but He Bing had a beloved concubine in his heart and betrayed Your Majesty. Now that he has seen him, how can you believe him!" Emperor Wen began to alienate Gao Bing after hearing his wife's words.
The war against Goryeo was dissatisfied, but the master failed. Later, Dugu said to Emperor Wen: "Jing did not want to go at first, so Your Majesty forced him to do it. I know that he was incompetent!" Emperor Wen of Sui also appointed military service to Gao Yang Liang, the marshal of Han, as Yang Liang, the king of Han, and specially commissioned military service to Gao Yang. "Jing is solemn for his mission. He always has the intention of being the one who is in charge of his own doubts. I don't need to say much." Yang Liang was very dissatisfied with Gao Yang. After returning to the capital, he cried and told the Queen, "My son is spared from being killed by Gao Yang." Emperor Wen was very unfair after hearing this.
In the 19th year of Kaihuang, Wang Shiji, the general manager of Liangzhou , was killed due to the incident. During the interrogation, there was a secret matter in the palace, saying that he learned it from Gao Jin, and Emperor Wen was extremely surprised. The Ministry of Justice also reported that Gao Yi had communicated with Wang Shiji and accepted him the gift of the Dugu family, which was given to Gao Yi's father Bin. Emperor Wen of Sui said to him that he "always called Dugu but not named." Gao Yong was questioned for this. The Shangzhu Kingdom He Ruobi, Wuzhou General Manager Yuwen Gang, Minister of Justice Xue Zhou, Minister of Justice Hulu Xiaoqing, Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Minister of War Liu Shu , etc. all proved that Gao Jin was not guilty. Emperor Wen of Sui became even more angry and detained them all. From then on, no one among the court officials dared to speak for Gao Jin. In August of that year, Gao Jin was dismissed from office and was appointed as Duke Qi.
Soon after, Emperor Wen summoned Gao Yang’s attendance banquet in the mansion of King Yang Jun of Qin. Wang said, "I will not let you down, you will be responsible." He also accused Gao Wang of "not being able to ask for your lord, and he said that he is the best."Immediately afterwards, Gao Jin's national order published a letter to expose his sinister incident, saying that Gao Jin's son Biao Ren said to him: " Sima Zhongda was entrusted to the death, so he would have the world. Now that the Duke is here, he is lucky!" So Emperor Wen was furious and imprisoned Gao Jin for interrogation. The Fa Department also reported that the monk Zhenjue once said to Gao Jin, "There will be a great national mourning next year." Ni Linghui also said, "In the seventeenth or eighteen years, the emperor will suffer great disasters, and 19 years will not be passed." Emperor Wen became even more annoyed when he heard this, and said in front of his ministers: "How can the emperor strive for it! Confucius With the talent of a great sage, he will be in the world. Would you rather want a great throne than a great destiny? The destiny of heaven is not right! Bing and his son say that he will compare himself with Emperor Jin, what is the intention?" The Fa Department asked to kill Gao Jin. Emperor Wen said: "Last year, he killed Yu Qingze, and now he is beheading the king Shiji. If he kills him even more, what do you think of me in the world?" So he removed him from his name and was the people. When Gao Yang was a servant, his mother warned him: "You are extremely rich and noble, but you have a head and ear. You should be careful!" Gao Yang is often afraid of disasters from then on. When you are able to serve the people, you will be happy and have no regrets.
Kaihuang's 20th year, that is, the second year after Gao Yang was deposed, under the conspiracy and planning of Yang Su, Yang Guang and others, the prince Yang Yong was deposed and Yang Guang became the prince. Four years later, Yang Guang plotted to murder Emperor Wen of Sui and ascended the throne of the emperor, and was the Emperor Yang. Gao Yan was appointed as Taichangqing. At that time, the Khan of the Turkic Qimin was about to enter the court, and Emperor Yang would praise him for his joy. An edict was issued to recruit the children of the Zhou and Qi Le families and the world's scattered joy. Gao Feng reported to him: "This joy has been abandoned for a long time. If you seek it now, I am afraid that the unconscious will abandon the foundation and chase the end, and teach each other." Emperor Yang was unhappy. Gao Jin said to Taichang Cheng Li Yi, "Zhou Tianyuan died with joy. The lesson is not far away. How can you get back to this?" He also said to Taifu Qing, saying to the Taifu Qing, "This enemy knows the reality of China, the mountains and rivers are dangerous and easy, and may be a future trouble." He also said to Guan Wang, Yang Xiong, "The court has not been disciplined recently." Someone told Emperor Yang of these words. Emperor Yang believed that Gao Jin slandered the government affairs, so he ordered him to be killed. He was in the third year of Daye (607), and was 67 years old.
Gao Yang was an outstanding politician and military strategist who made extremely important historical contributions to the unification and development of the Sui Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, historians commented on him in his book "Book of Sui" compiled by him: "The dynasty was in power for twenty years, and the government and the country pushed the people to subdue it, and there was no objection to everything. The governance led to peace and prosperity, which was the power of the dynasty. Those who argued that it was the true prime minister. When it was executed, everyone in the world was sad and regretful, and they are still unjust." Du You looked at the famous prime ministers of all dynasties and made such a comment: "It is not easy to meet people after looking at the purpose of production. Zhou's rise was Taigong, Qi's dominance also received Guan Zhong , Wei's wealth also received Li Jue, Qin's strength also got Shang Yang's , Later Zhou has Su Chuo , Sui's sages have Gao Jin. These six sages have achieved kingship and promoted the tyrants, and then enriched the country and strengthened the army, and established affairs with the law." It is also said: "The Sui's capital and reserves are all over the world, and people are prosperous and prosperous, and the power of jing is here. The merits and rules are Xiao, Ge, Dao Yayi, and Lu have never been seen in modern times." It can be seen that Gao Jin's performance has left a profound impact on later generations.
