10. Tan Yankai (January 25, 1880-September 22, 1930), whose courtesy name is Shuan, and his pseudonym Wuwei and Qizhai, was from Chaling, Hunan. He is known as the "Three Princess of Hunan and Xiang" together with Chen Sanli and Tan Sitong; he was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was a famous politician, calligrapher, and founder of Chuan Xiangcai during the Republic of China.
Tan Yankai once served as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, served as the governor of Hunan, governor and commander-in-chief of the Hunan Army three times, and was awarded the rank of general and the Grand Marshal of the Army. He served as Chairman of the Nanjing National Government and President of the Executive Yuan. On September 22, 1930, he died of illness in Nanjing. After his death, the government of the Republic of China held a state funeral for him. Tan Yankai is known as the "Master of Yan's calligraphy in modern times". His works include "Collection of Poetry in Shuan" and is proficient in food and is the founder of Chuan Xiang Cuisine. Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling got married, and Tan Yan-kai was the introducer.
9. Wang Xiaoyu: A famous chef during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, he was a chef at the Yuan Mei family and a cooking expert with skills and rich theoretical experience. The aroma of the dishes he cooked was spread ten steps away, and everyone who smelled them was shocked to eat. He has a lot of research on cooking skills and has published a series of great insights. These technical insights have had a great influence on Yuan Mei. Yuan's "Suyuan Food List" has many chapters that are effective from Wang Xiaoyu's insights. Yuan Mei likes Wang Xiaoyu and has strict requirements on Wang. After the Wang's death, Yuan Mei specially wrote an article "Kitten by Wang Xiaoyu" in order to commemorate this excellent chef. Wang Xiaoyu was the only chef in ancient my country.
8, Jin Shengtan (1608.4.17-1661.8.7) is named Cai, and his name is Ruocai. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he changed his name to Ren Rui, whose courtesy name was Shengtan, and his other name was Kunpeng Sanshi, and he called himself Master Luo'an. He was from Wuxian, Suzhou in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was a famous writer and literary critic.
All the students in the late Ming Dynasty were born, and they were arrogant and had a strange spirit. His original surname is Zhang, but because of the Ming Dynasty, he vowed not to serve in the Qing Dynasty. He often sighed and said, ", the Jin people are above, how can a saint not sigh?" Therefore, he changed his surname to Jin, his courtesy name was Shengtan, and his name was Rui.
Jin Shengtan's main achievement lies in literary criticism, and he commented on books such as "Water Margin", "The West Chamber", "Zuo Zhuan" and other books, as well as various Tang poems from Du Fu .
He inherited the talented woman Ye Xiaoluan, wrote a touching chapter, becoming a story of scholars in Jiangnan, and was also one of the materials for Cao Xueqin to conceive and create "Dream of Red Mansions". Jin Shengtan improved the status of popular literature and proposed the theory of the Six Talented Monks' Books, making novels and operas go hand in hand with traditional classical poetry. He is praised as a pioneer of the Chinese vernacular literature movement and occupies an important position in the history of Chinese literature.
But this great talented man with great attainments in the literary world, he never forgets before his death, and later in prison and about to be beheaded before his death, Master Jin wrote a recipe: "Eat peanuts and dried tofu together, and has the fragrance of walnuts." When it comes to eating as a pursuit, I believe no one can compare to him.
7, Li Yu (1611-1680), whose original name was Xianlu, whose courtesy name was Zhefan and whose pseudonym was Tiantu, later changed his name to Yu, whose courtesy name was Lihong and whose pseudonym was Liweng, and whose alias were Jueshi Baiguan, Li Daoren, Sui'an master, Hushang Liweng, etc. He was from Lanxi, Jinhua (now in Zhejiang), and was born in Zhigao, Nanzhili (now Rugao, Jiangsu). A writer, dramatist, drama theorist, and aesthetician in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He is known as a talented man and is known as "Li Shiro".
Li Yu has been smart since childhood and is good at ancient Chinese lyrics. In the tenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1637), he was admitted to Jinhua Prefecture and became a student of the prefecture. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he had no intention of becoming an official, and engaged in writing and directing drama performances. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), he moved to Hangzhou. Later, he moved to his home to Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), built a "mustard seed garden" business, opened a book shop, compiled pictures and wrote gifts to great officials and literary celebrities. In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), he returned to Hangzhou and built a "layer garden" on the eastern foot of Yunju Mountain. He died of illness in the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1680).
Li Yu once set up a opera troupe and performed in various places, thus accumulating rich experience in opera creation and performance, establishing a relatively complete theatrical theoretical system, becoming an advocate of leisure culture and a pioneer of cultural industry. He wrote more than five million words in his life.His opera book "Lid-off Love" discusses opera literature in six aspects: structure, lyrics, music, phonology, jokes, and pattern, and discusses opera performance in five aspects: selection of operas, changing tone, teaching music, teaching white, and distracting, which has greatly enriched and developed theories of ancient Chinese opera. There are also works such as "Ten Songs of Li Weng" (including "Kite Mistake", "Silent Play" (also known as "Liancheng Bi", "Twelfth Floor", and "Li Weng's Family Words". In addition, he also reviewed the "Three Kingdoms", adapted the "Jin Ping Mei", and advocated the compilation of "Biography of Mustard Seed Garden Paintings", etc.
Li Yu is not only a famous ancient writer and dramatist, but also a gourmet and health care expert. His book "Lucky Love and Send" is the best proof. His gourmet cultivation can be seen from the "Dining and Send" in "Lucky Love and Send". The "Dining and Send" is divided into three sections: vegetables, grains, and meat. That is to say, he has studied the production and consumption of various materials required for food, and often has his own unique insights. He not only pays attention to nutritional matching of diet, but also ecological ethics, opposes barbaric diet, and believes that diet psychology will affect the taste and health care effect of food.
6. Liu An (179 BC to 122 BC), a native of Feng County, Peijun (now Feng County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was born in Shouchun County, Huainan (now Shou County, Huainan City, Anhui Province). A writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, grandson of Liu Bang, son of King Li of Huainan, Li of Huainan.
Liu An was first granted the title of Fuling Hou, and was granted the title of King of Huainan in the 16th year of Emperor Wen (164 BC).
Good books and piano playing, recruiting thousands of guests and arts, and wrote 21 volumes of "Inner Books" (i.e. "Huainanzi") and a lot of "External Books". There is also 8 volumes of "Middle Chapter", which talks about the magic of the gods and the yellow and white, and there are more than 200,000 words. He wrote "The Book of Li Sao", Emperor Xianzhi. Later, he committed suicide due to the rebellion.
In philosophy, Liu An takes the Taoist view of natural and natural Taoism as the center and integrates various ideas of pre-Qin Tao, law, yin and yang. It is believed that all things in the world are produced by "Tao". Politically, it advocates "governance by inaction", but it provides a new explanation of "inaction" and advocates changing the ages.
He was a thinker and writer of the Western Han Dynasty. He wrote "Li Sao Style" under the order of Emperor Wu of Han . It is the earliest work in China that highly praised Qu Yuan and his "Li Sao".
Liu An was the first practitioner in the world to try to lift hot air balloons. He removed the juice of the eggs to burn them to get the heat and make the eggshell rise.
He is well-read, has a keen mind, is proficient in word, is proficient in music, and is also proficient in cooking. He is a talented man who is also a thinker, writer, and gourmet. He invented it by tofu. He also emphasized the cooking principle of changing the five flavors of sweet, sour, salty, bitter and spicy. At the same time, he pointed out that the key to the harmony of the five flavors is that the sweetness must be appropriate. He combined the five flavors with the theory of the five elements to explain the way of diet, which is an improvement in the view of diet. He also said: "The ancients did not taste greedy, but people today did not taste ." It is also very insightful: no matter how good the taste is, eating more will feel boring; only by being delicious but not eating too much can you truly understand the taste.
5, Yi Yin , Ji surname, Yishi, and name Zhi. One is said to be Kongsang (now Kongsang Village, Gegang Town, Qi County, Henan Province), the other is said to be Youshen Kingdom (Youshen Kingdom, Heyang County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province), and the other is said to be born in Yishui. Historical records record in Yichuan, Luoyang, was a founding father of the Shang Dynasty, an outstanding politician and thinker.
is smart, intelligent, diligent and progressive, and farms in Youshen Kingdom. After 0, Tang was hired by three times, he served as the right prime minister and joined hands with Zhongwei to assist Shangtang to defeat Xia Jie . After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty. He served as Yin (equivalent to the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty 6 period), and governed the world with theories of "using a tripod to cook spoon" and "mixing the five flavors". Actively rectify the administration of officials, understand the people's hearts and national conditions, and promote economic prosperity and political clarity. He served as the monarch of Cheng Tang, Wai Bing , Zhongren , Taijia , and Woding Five Dynasties . He was respected as "Aheng". He has been assisting in the administration for more than 50 years and has made great contributions to the prosperity and strength of the Shang Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Woding (1550 BC), he died at the age of 100. He was buried with the emperor in Bodu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province)., worshipped as "Shang Yuansheng", and the oracle bone inscriptions contain records of " Dayi (i.e. Shang Tang) and Yi Yin's sacrifice together".
Yi Yin was not only a founding father of the Shang Dynasty, an outstanding politician and thinker, but also a famous chef of Shang Tang. He is known as the "saint of cooking". According to legend, Yi Yin's conversation when he first met Shang Tang was later compiled into "Benwei Chapter" in " Lushi Chunqiu ", emphasizing that cooking ingredients should be familiar with the source and performance of raw materials, and the seasoning should not be too much. He should master the temperature and water quality. He also emphasized that "nine boils and nine changes", that is, fine processing, all of which reflects the theoretical level of cooking thousands of years ago, which is indeed proud. It can be said that Yi Yin was the earliest foodie in China.
4, Zhang Dai (1597-1689), also known as Weicheng, also known as Zongzi, and Shigong, and was named Tao'an and Tiansun. The other is named Die'an Jushi , and the later name is Liuxiu Jushi, a Han nationality, from Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A writer and historian of the late Ming Dynasty, and an expert in appreciating tea art. He does not participate in the imperial examinations, does not seek official career, and writes to live his life. Exquisite essays and poems. He is one of the Ming Dynasty writers recognized as the highest achievement, and is best at prose. His prose language is fresh and lively, vivid and vivid, and he is widely read and brief. " West Lake in July 2016" and " Snow Watching the Pavilion in the Heart of the Lake " are his representative works. He has written peerless literary masterpieces such as " Tao'an Dream Memories ", "West Lake Dream Search", " Night Ship ", "Langhuan Collection of Essays", and "Quick Garden Road Ancient". Another historical masterpiece " Shikui Shu " is also his representative work. Li Changxiang, a man at that time, thought that "the current history has never surpassed Tao'an."
Zhang Dai came from a family of officials and lived in Hangzhou for a long time. When the Ming Dynasty fell, he avoided living in the Yanxi Mountains. His grief and anger were all immersed in the words. In his later years, he lived in the mountains and insisted on writing in poverty and poverty. He has been unruly in his life, and has indifferent fame and fortune, and has a wide range of hobbies and aesthetic interests. He likes to travel through mountains and rivers, and is well versed in the methods of garden arrangement; he understands music, can play the piano and make music; he is good at drinking tea, and has a profound skill in tea ceremony; he is good at collecting and has extraordinary appreciation of water; he is good at opera, and the director and commentary pursues the best and most beautiful.
Predecessors commented: "The more I have a Ming generation, the talented people are called Xu Wenchang and Zhang Tao'an. Xu wins with his strange and powerful men. His literary creation is good at sketches, with fresh writing styles, full of interest and unique styles." His sketches are particularly famous, and mostly describe the landscape, folk customs and memories of past life in the south of the Yangtze River. His writing style is rich and graceful, poetic, and has the reputation of "the master of sketches".
Gourmet Zhang Dai can be said to be famous for his delicious food. He claims that he is "delicious to Yuezhong". He likes to eat specialties from all over the world, but does not eat those that are inappropriate, and does not eat those that are not good food. For example: Beijing must eat apple hamster and horse pine; Shandong must eat lamb belly dishes, autumn white pears, civil servant fruits, sweet seeds; Fujian must eat Fuju, Fuju cake, ketchup candy, and red fermented bean curd; Jiangxi must eat green roots, Fengcheng jerky, etc., and Zhang Dai is also good at eating crabs. River crabs are even bigger by October, and even crab feet are many, so every October, he holds crabs with friends, which can be said to be a model of not only love to eat but also know how to eat.
3. Yuan Mei, whose courtesy name is Zicai , and whose nickname is Jianzhai , was born in 1716, died in 1797 at the age of 81. He was a famous poet, essayist and literary master in the Qianlong and Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. He was known for his freedom and freedom, wildness and unruly life, and left behind many romantic events. His representative works include "Suiyuan Poetry Talk" and "Supplementary Leaves", "Xiaocang Mountain House Collection", "Zi Buyu", "Xuzi Buyu", "Suiyuan Food List", etc.
Yuan Mei has been familiar with reading since childhood and is good at writing poetry and lyrics. In the fourth year of Qianlong, that is, in 1739, Yuan Mei, who was only 24 years old, passed the imperial examination and was awarded the Bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. In the seventh year of Qianlong's reign, in 1742, Yuan Mei was transferred to an official position and was successively the magistrate of Shuyang, Jiangning, Shangyuan and other places. Yuan Mei was in Qingming, not afraid of the powerful and had great achievements. In the 14th year of Qianlong's reign, Yuan Mei's father passed away and resigned from his post and returned to his hometown to adopt his mother. At the same time, he bought a house in Jiangning, which is now Nanjing. The Suiyuan bought was renovated and modified by Yuan Mei and became a famous private garden at that time, and Yuan Mei was also known as Mr. Suiyuan.After Yuan Mei finished her mother's mourning at the age of 67, she began to travel far away and enjoyed the mountains and rivers. She visited the places such as Tiantai Mountain, Yandang Mountain, Huangshan, Luofu Mountain, Danxia Mountain, Wuyi Mountain, etc. During her trip, Yuan Mei wrote many essays and travel notes. Until the year of her death, the 81-year-old Yuan Mei was still traveling to the mountains and rivers of Wujiang. You should know that in ancient times, there was inconvenient transportation and poor communication. Yuan Mei could still travel around the country with an old age. Her spirit was commendable and her courage was commendable.
Yuan Mei, as a representative figure of the "spiritual theory" in literary history, pursued a free and unrestrained life creed throughout her life. She was an independent alien in the literary world of the Qing Dynasty at that time. Yuan Mei was also criticized by her colleagues. Even the central court could not stand the reckless behavior of Yuan Mei. However, some people hated Yuan Mei and some liked him. As a poet with true nature, Yuan Mei still had many followers at that time.
Ancient Chinese gourmet Yuan Mei has a very high status. He traveled all over the mountains and rivers, tasted all the delicious foods he had eaten into a "Suiyuan Food List". The book is divided into fourteen aspects: instructions, quarantine list, seafood list, river fresh list, special livestock list, miscellaneous livestock list, feather group list, aquatic scale list, non-parent scale list, miscellaneous vegetarian list, small menu, snack list, rice porridge list and dish wine list. He used a lot of space to describe in detail more than 300 northern and southern dishes and dim sums in my country from the 14th to the 18th century, and also introduced the famous wine and tea at that time, which involved everything from selection of ingredients to tasting. However, he himself followed the ancient saying of "a gentleman stayed away from the kitchen" and could not cook, so his positioning was also very clear. He was a food critic who loved to eat and could write.
2, Su Shi (January 8, 1037-August 24, 1101), whose courtesy name is Zizhan, Yizi He Zhong, and his nickname is Tieguan Taoist, Dongpo Jushi , known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian , Poxian, Han nationality, from Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province), his ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei, Northern Song Dynasty writer, calligrapher, gourmet, painter, and a famous historical water control person.
Jiayou second year (1057), Su Shi participated in the palace examination and was awarded the 5th Jinshi and the 6th Jinshi. He was awarded the Jinshi. In the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), he was admitted to the third grade of the imperial examination and was awarded the Dali judge and the signature of the book. When Song Shenzong was , he worked in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou , Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian because of " Wutai Poetry Case ". After becoming the throne, Song Zhezong served as a bachelor of Hanlin, bachelor of attending the posts, and minister of the Ministry of Rites, and was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was demoted to the new party and was demoted to the position of Huizhou, and Danzhou. Song Huizong was amnesty at the time of and returned to the north. He died of illness in Changzhou on the way. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song, he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Tutor; during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Wenzhong".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-September of the Northern Song Dynasty and made great achievements in poetry, lyrics, literature, calligraphy, painting, etc. The poem has a broad theme, fresh and vigorous, and is good at using exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. It is called " Su Huang " together with Huang Tingjian ; its lyrics are open and bold, and it is both representative of the bold school with Xin Qiji and is also called "Su Xin"; its prose writings are rich, unrestrained and unrestrained, and it is called "Ou Su" together with Ouyang Xiu, and it is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties"; its calligraphy is good at calligraphy, and it is one of the "Four Masters of Song Dynasties"; its literati paintings are good, especially ink bamboo, strange stones, dead trees, etc.
works include "Seven episodes of Dongpo", " Dongpo Yichuan ", "Dongpo Yuefu", "Xiaoxiang Bamboo and Stone Picture", "Dry Wood and Strange Stone Picture", etc.
The novels of Song people have many records of Su Shi inventing delicious food. You should know that there are more than 60 dishes named after "Dongpo" in history. His appetite covers a wide range. In his early years, in addition to being unhappy with no meat, he was most addicted to lychees. Three hundred lychees a day are shocking. He not only can eat them, but also can cook them. There are two delicious dishes that have been praised by people who have been praised until now: Dongpo elbow and Dongpo pork , both of which were first created by Su Shi. It is not an exaggeration to say that he is the most famous gourmet in Chinese history.
1. Confucius (551 BC-479 BC), surnamed Confucius, with his surname, name Qiu, and his courtesy name Zhongni, was from Zuoyi, Lu State (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. His ancestral home is Liyi, the Song State (now Xiayi County, Henan Province). He was a great thinker, politician, and educator in ancient China, the founder of the Confucian school, and the "Great Sage and Teacher".
Confucius created a private lecture style and advocated benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trustworthiness. There are three thousand disciples, including seventy-two wise men. He led some disciples to travel around the countries for fourteen years and revised the Six Classics in his later years (Poems, Books, Rites, Music, Books, and Spring and Autumn Annals). After his death, his disciples and his disciples recorded the words, deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the "Analects of Confucius". This book is regarded as a Confucian classic.
Confucius was one of the most knowledgeable people in society at that time. When he was alive, he was respected as the "Sage of Heaven" and "Wooden Bell of Heaven". He was also respected by later rulers as Confucius, the Supreme Saint, the Supreme Saint, the Great Successful Saint Wenxuan Wang, and the role model of the teachers of all generations. His thoughts have a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the top ten cultural celebrities in the world. As Confucius' influence expanded, the " Confucius Sacrifice Ceremony " worshipped Confucius once became a grand sacrifice of the same level as the sacrifices of the gods of the ancestors of China.
Confucius is a famous gourmet. Although he said something like "a gentleman does not seek fullness in food, and does not seek peace in life", he is a person who pays great attention to diet. His attention involves various aspects such as etiquette, hygiene, and taste. More than two thousand years ago, he advocated "eating is never tired of fine food, and stew is never tired of fine meat", which means that the more refined the food, the better, and the finer the meat is the better. Confucius also has the theory of "no food", which not only requires strict requirements on the shape of food, but also requires a lot of cooking techniques and raw materials.
