Arab Empire Abbasid dynasty was basically empty in the 11th century. At that time, there were many princes in the empire, and even the Caliph himself was in the hands of the Seljuks.
At this time, Zanji Dynasty also emerged and became a powerful force to control Syria . Fatima dynasty was attacked by crusaders , so he had to ask for help from the nearby Zanji dynasty.
Sudan Nurdin of the Zanji Dynasty sent his general Shrko and his nephew Saladin to Egypt for rescue. Although the Fatima dynasty was a Shiite, they were also a member of the Islamic world. And Nurdin also wanted to use this to control Egypt.
The Crusaders were driven away, but after Schrko was appointed as prime minister of the Fatima Dynasty, the situation changed! Schrko died after only two months of prime minister, and the Syrian army remaining in Egypt almost caused internal strife. At this time, Saladin was elected by everyone as the new prime minister of Egypt, and the boss of this group of Syrian soldiers, so he stabilized the situation.
1. During the period of Saladin's entrepreneurship, strength and luck coexist.
Saladin is a Kurdish, and this nation is in the Islamic world. To be honest, it belongs to a niche force. Therefore, Saladin was able to control the Syrian army and have the capital to start a business in Egypt, which was pure luck.
After Saladin obtained the military and political power of Egypt, he immediately wanted to do it alone! But can the nobles of the Fatima dynasty and the Sultan of the Zanji dynasty Nurding agree? Saladin did a series of preparations for this.
- First of all, Saladin used force to suppress the rebellion caused by the aristocracy of the Fatima Dynasty. Only by first dealing with internal conflicts can we have the foundation for entrepreneurship.
- Secondly, Saladin began to show off his power and defeated the Jerusalem dynasty and Eastern Roman Empire in Dumyat to invade Egypt. Since then, no one can shake Saladin's position in Egypt.
- Furthermore, solve the problem of faith. Although everyone in is a believer in Islamic , the Fatima dynasty was Shiite, while Saladin was Sunni . For this reason, he replaced the main officials of the Fatima Dynasty and the Imperial Guards to promote his confidants. At the same time, it began to promote Sunni doctrines among the people. The most important point is that he was tolerant, especially Saladin, who did not suppress Christians at all, so he won unanimous support from the Egyptian people.
- Finally, Saladin carried out the already empty Abbasid Dynasty. When Fatima Caliph Adid was critically ill, he began to force the Egyptians to respect the Caliph of the Abbasid Dynasty. Since then, the Fatima dynasty has completely ended and the era belonging to Saladin has arrived.
After this operation, Saladin became ease. He respected the Abbasid Dynasty, so even the Nurdin of the Zanji Dynasty could not do anything to him. After all, everyone is a prince of the Abbasid Dynasty. However, now Saladin himself has been promoted to another level, intending to be on par with Nurdin. In terms of name, he has not betrayed the Abbasid Dynasty.
Nurdin is not a fool, so he immediately sent someone to Egypt to ask Saladin to pay taxes. Saladin spread his hands: if you don’t want money, just do it if you don’t accept it!
Nurdin was furious and wanted to lead his troops to destroy Saladin without saying a word. As a result, Nurdin died of illness before he even sent troops. Do you think Saladin is lucky? Nurding sent troops. Let’s not talk about whether Saladin can win or not, at least it will suffer heavy losses. After all, the Zanji Dynasty was once his sect leader, and many of his soldiers were from the Zanji Dynasty.
So, whether a person can succeed in starting a business depends on whether his strength and luck can be at the same time. With strength alone, if you don’t have such good luck, you may not be able to succeed.
2. Ayubic dynasty , successfully recovering Jerusalem .
After Nurding's death, his 11-year-old son Saleh inherited the throne of the Sultan of the Zanji Dynasty. What is the use of a little baby in troubled times? Before Saladin came, the Zanji Dynasty itself started to insurgency, and all the princes fought for the throne of the Sultan.
Saladin can laugh out loud even when she hides in the quilt. Isn’t this God helping me? Therefore, he sent troops to Syria in October 1174. By December, Saladin took over important territories such as Damascus , Homs, Aleppo , and completely completed the important task of unifying Syria.
The atmosphere has reached this point, and the Abbasid caliph can only recognize Saladin's rule over Egypt and Syria. In this way, Saladin's Ayub dynasty was truly established. Of course, he was nominally a prince of the Abbasid Dynasty.
There is nothing to do, it is difficult for Saladin. At that time, the Islamic world was like the current Arab world, scattered and full of princes. It was not easy for him to maintain such a large plate.
However, Saladin's life goal is not to rule one side. He wants to accomplish what the Islamists have always longed for but cannot do, that is, to recover the holy city of Jerusalem.
Jerusalem is the place where the prophet Mumah walks at night, so it is regarded by Islam as the third holy city after Mecca and Medina . Taking back here is really important to the Islamists. In other words, whoever can take back Jerusalem is the true leader of the Islamic world.
Master Ser could not do it, nor could the Zanji Dynasty. Now it is time for this Kurdish Saladin to take action! At first, he fought against Jerusalem King Baldwin IV, and he won and lost each other, but he could not defeat Jerusalem.
can wait until Baldwin IV After his premature death due to leprosy, he defeated the new king of Jerusalem in the Battle of Harding in 1187 and finally took back Jerusalem.
Now Saladin is famous in the entire Islamic world. Even the caliph of the Abbasid Dynasty kept his distance from Saladin, worried that his throne would be snatched away by Saladin.
At the same time, Saladin took away Jerusalem, completely angering the Christian world. The fourth Crusader invasion broke out, and the British King The Lionheart King Richard also tied with Saladin, but in the end he failed to regain Jerusalem from Saladin. After the two sides reached a peace agreement, they went back to their respective houses.
In 1193 AD, Saladin, a chivalrous leader of Islam, died of illness in Damascus. After his death, how far can the Ayub dynasty he established go?
3. The battle for the throne led to the rapid decline of the Ayub dynasty.
The hero also has negligence. Like many monarchs in the Middle East of , Saladin also had a lot of trouble when arranging his funeral. He distributed the territory of the Ayub dynasty to his son and younger brother.
- The eldest son was divided into southern Syria, and was centered on Damascus.
- second child divided into Egypt, and centered on Cairo .
- three sons divided into , in northern Syria, centered on Aleppo. younger brother Safadin got Karak and Shaw Burke.
This is equivalent to breaking the Ayub dynasty into pieces in advance. I have to say that in terms of inheritance from the great throne, we have to look at our feudal dynasty in China. Only by inheriting one's lineage can the stability of the empire be guaranteed, which is an eternal truth.
As a result, trouble really came. These people fought for the orthodox throne of the Ayub dynasty. In the end, Saladin's younger brother Safadin seized the supreme rule of the Ayub dynasty and established himself as a sultan.
Kosaladin's descendants also control some marginal areas. The long-term civil war has led to serious internal friction in the Ayub dynasty, so the Ayub dynasty quickly declined.
In 1229, during the reign of the Ayub dynasty, Kamil, Safadin's descendant, ceded Jerusalem and the Akka Corridor to the Crusaders. This shows that the Ayub dynasty at that time was no longer the glory of the Saladin era and began to decline.
Taking advantage of your illness to kill you, taking advantage of the opportunity of the crusaders attacking again, the Mamluks launched a rebellion. They killed the sultan of the Ayub dynasty, seized Egypt, and began to rule Egypt instead of Safadin's descendants.
Not long after, Saladin's descendant Yousuf planned to restore the dominance of Saladin's lineage in Syria, revived the Ayub dynasty, and began to compete with Mamluk dynasty .
But unfortunately, it was already the 13th century, which was the world of Mongolian . 1259, Genghis Khan's grandson Hulagu led Mongolian iron hooves to sweep across Central Asia and the Middle East, and Syria was instantly occupied by the Mongolian army! Yusuf's plan to restore his ancestral property was completely ruined, and he had to escape to Egypt ruled by the Mamluks. The Ayub dynasty was basically declared to perish.
Ending: The Mamluk Dynasty picked up a bargain.
If the Mongolian Khan Mongge hadn't died suddenly while attacking Southern Song and Hulagu needed to go back to compete for the Khan throne, the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt would have been surely unsustainable.
Unfortunately, Hulagu still managed to attack Egypt, and the task of attacking Egypt was handed over to his generals who were so cool. He was so timid that he had only 20,000 people in his hands, including only 5,000 Mongolian troops, but he offended people everywhere, not only offended all the Arab countries, but also had a feud with the Crusaders.
In this situation of betrayal of relatives, the Mamluk Dynasty took decisive attacks, successfully defeated and captured the qin Buhua, creating the myth of defeating the Mongolian army at that time. Thus it became famous throughout the entire Islamic world.
