Chongzhen hangs himself, and the King of Breaking was defeated. Wu Sangui was furious. Qing soldiers crossed Shanhaiguan without bloodshed and entered the Forbidden City.
Nurhachi , Huang Taiji 's dream finally became a reality after a long 61 years.
Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty and became the new master of the land of China.
destroys Nanming , placing the two feudals, conquering Taiwan, and fighting against Tsarist Russia. The Qing army continued the iron blood of the post-Jin era and maintained the unification of the empire.
changed the full system, gathered imperial power, promoted water conservancy, and valued people's livelihood. The emperors in the early Qing Dynasty continued the last glory of the feudal era as if walking on thin ice.
Simple and rough head shaving order:
After the Qing army entered the pass, the Nanming established a Hongguang Xiaochaoyan in Jiangnan , but it was corrupt and stupid. The clear cart was in full swing, and swept it all with the momentum of destroying the dead and rottenness. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court declared that "don't kill people, don't shave your hair, and be content with peace of mind", so the people lived a stable life.
According to the old Manchu law, surrendered Han people must shave their hair according to the customs of the Manchus as a sign of surrender.
The so-called shaving of hair is actually to let the Han people change their head shape to the Manchu hairstyle.
Traditional Manchu men's hairstyle should be "money style", also known as "money rat tail style". In other words, the most standard way to shave your hair and leave only a copper coin-sized hair on the top of your head and braid it. This hairstyle is difficult to maintain because the top of the head must be clean and hairless, and it is necessary to "bride every five days and shave every ten days".
The Qing Dynasty rulers attached great importance to it. As early as Tiancong years, Huang Taiji repeatedly emphasized the implementation of the hair shaving policy during the expansion war. At that time, Zhang Chun, the Ming general at that time, was captured by the Later Jin Dynasty in Battle of Dalinghe. Huang Taiji tried his best to persuade him to surrender and sent him delicious food and wine, but Zhang Chun refused to obey and began a hunger strike. Huang Taiji had to take action himself. After repeated persuasion, Zhang Chun finally wavered and began to resume his diet. This action seemed to indicate that he agreed to surrender. However, Zhang Chunning never shaved his head, and in the end Huang Taiji had to place Zhang Chun in the temple to "gratitude", but Zhang Chun did not shave his head until his death. Although this is an exception for avoiding death, the Han people were deeply restricted by the hair shaving policy for a long time, and the Qing military officials' offices have even implemented this policy even more vigorously.
Zhang Chun at the end of the Ming Dynasty
In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Dorgon led the Qing army into the pass. Along the way, he was busy issuing edicts, and all the soldiers and civilians of the Ming Dynasty who demanded surrender were shaved. After entering Beijing, he formally issued a law to shave his hair and change his clothes. It is required that "the surrendered officials, military and civilians all wear shaved hair and their clothes and their clothes follow the system of this dynasty." This order immediately aroused fierce opposition. There were very few officials in the court who shaved their heads. A large number of former Ming officials refused to serve the Qing Dynasty because of this system, or fled south to the capital. The people were even more unwilling to shave their heads, and even a peasant uprising broke out. Seeing that the rule was not stable, Dorgon was worried about a major change. After only one month, he had to stop the implementation of the shaving order.
When the Qing Dynasty's rule gradually stabilized, Dorgon once again proposed the requirement to implement the hair shaving order. What's ridiculous is that this suggestion was proposed by a Han official Sun Zhilian.
sun 日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日This person has a corrupt character and is capricious, and has never made a name for himself in the officialdom. After the Qing army entered the pass, in order to get a good impression in front of his new master, he immediately became a traitor and betrayed the Ming court, becoming the first batch of Han officials to beg for surrender. The Qing Dynasty did not treat him badly and rewarded him with an official position as the Minister of Rites.
In order to continue climbing up, he immediately supported the shaving order and put on the Manchu costumes. Unexpectedly, he was contemptuous and ridiculed by the Han people and ridiculed by the Manchu people above the dynasty party. In order to avenge his previous shame, he wrote a memorial, suggesting that Han people be shaved across the country.
In the memorial, he wrote: "Your Majesty pacified the Central Plains and everything is renewed, and the system of wearing clothes and hair is preserved by the old Han Dynasty. This is Your Majesty's follow China, not China's follow His Majesty!" This incitement method was very effective. Dorgon decided to force his hair to shave, so Sun Zhixi's instigation caused a bloody storm on the Central Plains.
Dorgon saw that the Han people had this idea, so he was naturally happy to agree. When the Qing army captured Nanjing and the Hongguang court was destroyed, Dorgon felt that the time was ripe, so he ordered Duoduo, who was commanding the battle on the front line: "All civil and military and civilians in all places were ordered to shave their hair. If they were not followed, they would be engaged in military law." Afterwards, he issued an edict to the Ministry of Rites, which explained the reasons and necessity of implementing the shave order, and on the other hand, it required all military and civilians across the country to shave their hair.
Dorgon
The simple and crude policies of the Qing court aroused serious resistance among the Han people in Jiangnan. On the one hand, this is naturally due to the ancient saying "If your body and hair are affected by your parents, how dare you hurt them?", and on the other hand, it is also a kind of resistance against the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Gentlemen, farmers, industry and businessmen, even those who bring in trucks and sell pulp, and a considerable number of bureaucrats, were determined not to implement the shaving order.
During the Qing Dynasty's forced implementation of the hair shaving order, someone once raised objections to this. Hexi Road, Shaanxi Province, Kong Wenxi, once wrote a book. He was a descendant of Confucius, , and his articles were excellent, and he quoted classics and was well-known. He sprinkled thousands of words. The central meaning was to request the shaving order to stop. But Dorgon's response was concise and powerful: "The hair is shaved and the violation is not merciless. Confucius heard that he asked for hair loss, but he had already violated the unpardoned order. I would like to think that the saints were exempted from death. Moreover, when Confucius was saint, he was like this, and there was a way to tarnish Yizu's time. He would never be dismissed."
Is it better to just dismiss the position? The famous scholar Chen Mingxia Seeing the struggles against the haircut order in various places at that time, he commented: "If you keep your hair and wear clothes, the world will be peaceful." Soon after, he was beheaded because of this sentence.
forced shaving his hair, which made the people who had the desire to surrender at that time aroused their resistance again. On June 28, 1645, the Qing court once again issued an edict: "The nearest one month, and the far one month, each one should shave his hair and submit to his order." Shaving his hair became an order.
But the Han people in Jiangnan strongly resisted this. In order to suppress the Qing army used force. For a while, blood flowed everywhere in Jiangnan. After attacking Jiangyin City, men, women, young and old in the city rushed to the water, threw fire, committed suicide, and hanged themselves, and carried out the resistance to the end. The Qing army was also unambiguous. They killed for two days until they could not find a living person.
Kunshan area, people were originally calm, but after shaving their heads, the people fought against each other. First they killed the local officials of the Qing army, and then burned the government office. The Qing army sent people to suppress them, and the people suffered heavy casualties.
I645 At the end of July 2, more than 5,000 soldiers advanced toward Jiading , and raped and killed all the way, and committed all kinds of evil. The Qing army used artillery fire to attack the city gate of Jiading. The people in the city could not escape, so they jumped into the river and died. For a moment, the river water was no longer circulated. At that time, the south of the Yangtze River was a map of hell on earth. There were white bones everywhere and scorched earth corpses were terrible. A man named Zhu Zisu who had personal experience wrote in the later "Jiading City Massacre": "Among the citizens, those who hang beams, those who rush to the wells, those who rush to the rivers, those who slapped the bloody faces, those who slashed their limbs, those who were still moving their hands and feet before they were cut off, and their flesh and blood were messy."
After these several massacres, the Qing army surrendered, and most parts of the Jiangnan region surrendered, shaved their heads one after another, claiming to be the people of the Qing Dynasty. Under the power of killing and killing in the Qing Dynasty, the arrogance of resistance was finally suppressed.
forced shaving, although the clothing and dressing were unified, on another level, it seriously hindered the unification process of the Qing Dynasty. Sun Zhixiu's greed for wealth and greatness caused his compatriots and people to suffer such a severe blow, so naturally there was no good reward.
Not long after, Sun Zhixie was deposed for accepting bribes and was sent back to his hometown Zibo . On the way, he met Xie Qian and others from Shandong who revolted. The family was killed and all the young were tied up for more than ten days and suffered all the torture. The rebel army slaughtered thin holes on his head, used pig hair to re-transplant him, and finally dismembered him.Later generations' comments on him in their notes were: "Alas, villains are also useless to be villains."
So since that is the case, why did the Qing court even forcefully implement the shaving order at any cost and risking the risk of shaking the foundation of rule? As conquerors, the total population of Manchus is far less than that of Han people, and forcing the national unified style is actually part of the entire unification process. In addition, through the implementation of the hair shaving order, we can also find people who are dissatisfied with the new regime and suppress them, which can also shock the people's hearts to a certain extent and stabilize the new regime.
