1. (Ancient Babylon) Hammurabi Code
Time and year: 1776 BC
Overview: "Hamurabi Code" is an ancient Babylonian king in the Middle East Hammurabi promulgated around 1776 BC. It is the most representative cuneiform code and the first relatively complete written code in the world.
"The Code of Hammurabi" is a famous code promulgated by Hammurabi, the sixth king of the ancient Babylonian kingdom (reigned from 1792 to 1750 BC). The Hammurabi Code of ancient Babylon is the culmination of cuneiform script in the Mesopotamia Basin, and is also a representative written code of the early Eastern world. It is a very important property left by ancient Babylon to the people of the world. According to the view, King Hammurabi was unable to deal with because there were too many cases he had to deal with every day. He asked his subordinates to collect some of the past legal provisions, plus the habits that had been formed in society, so he compiled a code and carved it on a stone pillar 2.25 meters high and stood it in the temple of Babylon. Its purpose is to maintain social order, and its essence is to safeguard the interests of the slave owner class. The code is said to have been promulgated after Hammurabi's administration for thirty years.
Codex stone tablet is hard and has fine calligraphy. It is a typical official document of the First Dynasty of Babylon. The stone tablet is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France.
Important Value and Significance: Hammurabi Code is not only an extremely important cultural relic for humans to study the economic, political and legal systems of ancient Babylon, but also an important representative of ancient Babylonian art. Especially because the artwork passed down from the ancient Babylonian Kingdom is very rare, this stone tablet is even more precious, with fine carvings and highly polished surfaces. The stone tablet is engraved with cuneiform characters, with 280 articles in the full text, and has made detailed provisions on criminal, civil, trade, marriage, inheritance, and trial systems.
2. (Warring States Period) Zeng Hou Yi chime
Time and age: Early Warring States Period
Overview: Zeng Hou Yi chime is the most numerous, best preserved, most complete music and most magnificent set of chime found in my country so far. The so-called chime bells are a large-scale percussion instrument of the Han people in ancient China. They rose in Western Zhou and flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period until the Qin and Han Dynasties. China is the first country to manufacture and use music clocks.
Zeng Houyi chime bells were early cultural relics of the Warring States Period. It is a huge musical instrument composed of sixty-five bronze chimes, with a range of five and a half octaves and a twelve semitones.
Zeng Houyi chimes have rewritten the history of world music due to their superb casting technology and good musical performance, and are called "rare treasures". The unearth of the chime of the tomb of Zeng Houyi shocked the global archaeological community, especially after having such exquisite instruments and such magnificent bands more than two thousand years ago, is extremely rare in the history of global culture.
Important value and significance: In the early 1980s, Hubei Provincial Museum , Institute of Natural Science History, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units analyzed and studied this set of chimes using modern technical means such as laser holography and scanning electron microscopy. It was surprisingly discovered that China had explored the best formulas of copper, tin and lead more than 2,400 years ago to obtain a beautiful tone; mastered the size of the bell body, the strict proportion of the thickness and pitch of the bell wall, and cast a series of different pitches; designed the unique bell shape and complex bell cavity structure of the "Hangwa" to form a wonderful double tone and beautiful melody. The unearth of the
chime fully demonstrates that China's music culture and casting technology had developed to a very high level as early as the Warring States Period. It was nearly 2,000 years earlier than the twelve-rhythm keyboard instrument in Europe, and at the same time filled the blank record of the music history of the early feudal period in China. It has played an extremely important role in studying the Chinese slave society , early feudal society, and the dynasty music culture of the Eastern Zhou dynasty and the development of music history in Hubei.
3. (Qing Dynasty Qianlong Period) Yuanmingyuan’s head
Time and age: During the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty,
Overview: Bronze statue of the twelve zodiac animals in the Yuanmingyuan was originally part of the fountain outside the Haiyan Hall of the Yuanmingyuan, and was a red bronze statue from the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty. In 1860, the British and French forces invaded China, burned the Old Summer Palace, and the bronze statue of beast-headed animals began to be lost overseas. As of December 2020, seven bronze statues of lost beasts in the Old Summer Palace, including cow heads, monkey heads, tiger heads, pig heads, rat heads, rabbit heads, and horse heads, have returned to the motherland in different ways. Among them, the bronze statue of pig head and horse head were purchased by Mr. Ho Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-Hong-H On April 26, 2013, the French Pino family announced in Beijing that they donated rat heads and rabbit heads to China for free. On November 13, 2019, Stanley Ho donated the bronze statue of the horse head to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and returned to the Old Summer Palace for permanent collection. The whereabouts of the remaining five are still unknown. On December 1, 2020, the bronze statue of horse head was donated by Mr. Stanley Ho and officially returned to the Old Summer Palace.
The bronze statue of the beast head of the Old Summer Palace, also known as the bronze statue of the twelve zodiac signs of the Old Summer Palace and the bronze statue of the human body and beast head of the Old Summer Palace. It is the nozzle of the "hydraulic clock" in the former Summer Palace fountain. The full name of the "hydraulic clock" is "the twelve zodiac fountain". The bronze statues of the twelve zodiac animals are in the shape of "eight" and are arranged on the human body stone platforms on both sides of the fountain. Each animal is a fountain mechanism. Every hour, the corresponding animal will spray water from its mouth for two hours. The bronze statue of the twelve zodiac animals was made by Chinese court craftsmen, and the designer was Italian Lang Shining and other European artists;
Since Lang Shining was going to build a naked female sculpture with Western characteristics at that time, Emperor Qianlong believed that this was against China's ethics, so he ordered a redesign. Therefore, Lang Shining took into account the Chinese folk culture and replaced the human body sculptures commonly used in Western fountain design with the sitting statues of the twelve zodiac signs. Therefore, the bronze statue not only has a strong traditional Chinese aesthetic taste, but also integrates the characteristics of Western plastic art.
Important significance: The bronze statue of the beast head in the Old Summer Palace is very precious. During the prosperous period of Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty was strong in its national strength, especially its craftsmanship level was at its peak, and it was particularly fully displayed on the bronze statue of the twelve zodiac animals in the Old Summer Palace. First, the copper used for the head of the beast is an alloy copper specially refined for the palace. It contains many precious metals. It is the same as the copper used for the copper cranes displayed in the Forbidden City of Beijing and the Summer Palace of . It has gone through wind and rain without corrosion, which is unique. The second is carefully crafted by craftsmen from the palace construction office who specializes in serving the emperor, and the castings are refined, showing an extremely high level of craftsmanship.
It is worth mentioning that the bronze statue of the twelve zodiac animals was made by Chinese court craftsmen, but the designer was artists from Europe such as Lang Shining. Therefore, the bronze statue not only has a strong traditional Chinese aesthetic taste, but also integrates the characteristics of Western plastic art. More importantly, it is the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, symbolizing the prosperity of ancient China.
4. (Ancient Egyptian ) Bust of Nefertti
Time and age: Ancient 3400 years ago
Overview: Bust of Nefertti is a cultural relic discovered by the Germans in Egypt in 1912, and was later owned by Germany. It is worth mentioning that the bust of Nefertti and the beast head of the Chinese Old Summer Palace, Elgin marble sculptures, Venus in Hotundu, Ramesis mummy, Overloniosteau bottle, Priamos' treasure, Mount of Light, Geronimo's skull, Iraq National Museum was the top ten looted cultural relics in the world by the media.
Process and significance: Chairman of the Egyptian Cultural Relics Protection Committee Zahi Havassa once said that Egypt has sufficient evidence to prove that the bust of the 3,400-year-old Queen Nefertti, who was illegally transported out of Egypt belongs to Egypt. Egypt formally requested to Germany to return the bust of Egyptian Queen Nefertti. The bust of the Queen of Egypt, Nefertti, is an Egyptian cultural treasure, and its return involves not only legal issues but also moral issues.
Havassa said that nearly 5,000 cultural relics originally belonging to Egypt have been retained overseas. The bust of Queen Nefertti of Egypt is the most important of these cultural relics left over from abroad. It is called the world beauty portrait by many cultural relics experts.
German cultural relics management department personnel said that the Nefertti bust was excavated by German archaeologists, and Germany and Egypt should have the same ownership of this bust. Subsequently, German officials also said that they would consider allowing Egypt to temporarily use Nefertti bust, but the most worrying thing is whether such precious cultural relics can spend "long-distance travel" intact.
The bust of Nefertti, known as the beauty of the world, was discovered by German archaeologist Lyudvigo Borhadt in 1912 when he was archaeologically surround the Nile. In 1913, the bust was shipped to Germany. It is worth mentioning that Egypt first made a request to Germany to return the bust of Neferttiti to it in the 1930s. However, this request was not taken seriously by the then German head of state Adolf Hitler, and the subsequent German leader also ignored the request.
The bust of the Queen of Egypt Nefertti is stored in the "Egypt" museum in Berlin, Germany. Its reputation has brought many tourists to the museum. According to statistics, hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting the "Egypt" museum in Berlin every year.
. (Ancient Chinese Shang and Zhou dynasty) Sun God Bird
Time and age: Shang Dynasty Late
Overview: Sun God Bird Gold Jewelry is a gold foil unearthed from the Jinsha Site in Chengdu, Sichuan in 2001. It is a work of the late Shang Dynasty. The entire gold jewelry is in the shape of a ring. The gold jewelry has a complex hollow pattern, divided into two layers inside and outside. The inner layer is equidistantly distributed around the surroundings with twelve rotating toothed lights; the outer pattern surrounds the inner pattern, consisting of four identical birds flying counterclockwise. The heads of the four birds are connected in front and back, flying in the same direction, opposite to the rotation direction of the inner vortex. It was analyzed in composition and found that its gold content was as high as 94.2%. This gold ornament may be a magical tool used by ancient Shu people for sacrifice. It is now collected in the Jinsha Ruins Museum in Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
Shang and Zhou sun god bird gold ornaments vividly reproduce the myths and legends of the ancient human beings " golden crow bear the sun". The four divine birds flew around the rotating sun, repeating and recurring, endlessly reflecting the strong worship of the sun and birds of ancient human beings, and expressing the ancient Shu people's praise of life and movement. The scientific connotation it embodies is also extremely rich, and it also reflects the scientific knowledge such as calendars in the Jinsha culture, indicating that it is related to the sciences such as calendars used by the ancient Shu people, and is a reflection of the advanced scientific knowledge such as calendars in the ancient Shu period.
Important significance: The entire pattern of the sun god bird is like a modern paper-cut work. The lines are concise and smooth, with very rhythmic, full of strong dynamics, with strong symbolic significance and great imagination space. The instrument vividly reproduces the myths and legends of the ancient human beings "the golden bird bows the sun". The four divine birds fly around the rotating sun, repeating and recurring, endlessly reflecting the ancient human beings' strong worship of the sun and birds, and expressing the ancient Shu people's praise of life and movement. This instrument is concisely composed of the rich philosophical and religious thoughts of the ancient Shu people, the perfect combination of extraordinary artistic creativity, imagination and exquisite craftsmanship. It is also a representative of the brilliant achievements of the ancient Shu Kingdom gold craftsmanship.
It is worth mentioning that the original Sun God Bird was approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to become a symbol of protection of Chinese cultural heritage. The sun-divine bird is a perfect combination of the ancient people's philosophical thoughts, rich imagination, extraordinary artistic creativity and exquisite craftsmanship.
. (Ancient Greece) Overlonios pottery bottle
Time and age: Ancient Greece 2500
Overview: Overlonios pottery bottle is an ancient Greek antique. The Overlonios pottery bottle has a history of 2,500 years and is very exquisite and gorgeous. It is a pottery bottle used to store water and wine. It was obtained by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1972 for US$100 through informal means. The decoration of the Overloniostaus bottle has two scenes.The screen on the Trojan War is displayed on the front, which describes the death of Salperdon, Zeus and Laodamia. The pottery bottle on the opposite side shows that the Athenian youth at that time fought and armed themselves from the 6th century BC. Although the death of Salpholon on the picture is a performance that is usually described in ancient times, what is depicted in this scene is naturalism. This style represents the late ancient painters, of which Overlonios is considered the most accomplished.
Important value and significance: An Italian court investigation showed that the Overlonios pottery bottle was obtained by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1972 for US$100. The museum was extremely excited to get this pottery bottle, because the works of ancient pottery painter Overlonios were rare and bought from Robert Hecht at such a low price. He was also wanted by the Italian government for secretly reselling cultural relics. In 2006, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Italian government signed an agreement under which the ownership of the Overlonioscau bottle and some other artworks were sent back to Italy, and in exchange, the museum gained the right to borrow several artifacts of the same value for exhibition. The pottery bottle is still on display at Metropolitan Museum . After years of negotiation, it was not until January 2008 that the Metropolitan Museum returned the pottery bottle to the Italian government.
. (Ancient Egypt) Tutankhamun Golden Mask
Time and Year: 14th century BC
Overview: Tutankhamun Golden Mask in the Egyptian National Museum in Cairo . , is the national treasure of Egypt: the Tutankhamun golden mask, was worn by Egyptian pharaoh Tutchamon in the 14th century BC and was found in his tomb. When his mummy was discovered, he was covered with a golden mask on his head, which made him the most famous Egyptian pharaoh known to the present day. The mask is about the size of a real person's face, just covering his face. The mask is made of gold foil and embedded with gemstones and stained glass. The forehead is decorated with the eagle god and the cobra god, symbolizing the upper and lower Egypt; the beard is hanging down below, symbolizing the ghost god Osiris . Tutankhamun Golden Mask is one of the most exquisite art treasures in the world.
Important value and significance: Tutkamon once ruled Egypt from 1336 BC to 1327 BC. He was not the most outstanding pharaoh in ancient Egyptian history, but he was the most famous and mysterious Egyptian pharaoh . The golden mask has become an important symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization. It is worth mentioning that he died mysteriously at the age of 19 and left behind a mystery for eternity. The 19-year-old Tutkamon suddenly died mysteriously, with an early age of death, a hurry to get buried, a back of his head, etc.
British archaeologist Howard Carter and his team spent a full 19 years to fully excavate Tutkamon's tomb in 1922 in the Valley of the Imperial River in the desert on the west bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. A large number of treasures unearthed from this undisclosed ancient tomb shocked the whole world. This is the greatest discovery in the history of Egypt and even the history of the world. Tutkamon's tomb has also become one of the ten treasures in the world because of its incomparable historical value and mystery. There have always been various opinions and speculations about Tutkamon's life experience and cause of death.
. (Israel) Dead Sea Scroll
Time and Year: From the 2nd to the 1st century BC
Overview: Israel Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient documents found in caves in the wilderness of Kiberkunlan in the northwest of the Dead Sea between 1947 and 1956. The documents were written about the 2nd to the 1st century BC. Their discoveries are called the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. In the summer of 1947, an Arab shepherd went to the northwest corner of the Dead Sea steep cliff , now known as the Kulan site, and accidentally entered a cave and found many pottery altars with hidden sheepskin scrolls and papyrus scroll documents. These parchment scrolls were later confirmed to be some early Judaism, Christian scriptures written in Hebrew .These two thousand years ago scrolls found in caves near the Dead Sea are collectively called "Dead Sea Scrolls".
The Dead Sea Scroll in a broad sense includes the document excavated in ancient caves discovered along the Dead Sea coast. In a narrow sense, the Dead Sea Scroll is usually found in eleven ancient caves next to a dry river bank in the Quinlan area along the northwest coast of the Dead Sea.
It is worth mentioning that since 1947, nearly 40,000 books or fragments of books have been found. Most of these books are stored in clay pots, most of which are written in Hebrew on sheepskins, and a few are written in Aramic (Arami). It is estimated that the book was written between the 1st and 2nd centuries BC. After two thousand years, most of the scrolls have become fragments, and only a few books have been preserved in a relatively complete manner. After more than fifty years of efforts by experts, nearly five hundred volumes have been restored in part or in total, of which the most complete is the Book of Isaiah.
The content of the ancient scrolls is very rich and colorful, mainly divided into three categories: 1) Nearly one hundred volumes of the ancient scrolls are Old Testament Scriptures. In addition to Esther, every book of the Old Testament appears, and many volumes appear many times; 2) The ancient scrolls include many Bible notes, Bible commentaries, interpretations, subscripts and false scriptures; 3) include non-Bible documents. In non-Bible literature, a large part is the prophecy of the end of the world, and the writings of God’s destruction of evil forces and the righteous kingdom when the Messiah comes again.
Important value and significance: Dead Sea Scriptures are documents that study Judaism, Islam , and the history of Christian development. The discovery of the scrolls resolves many former academic and Old Testament disputes. Due to the writing style and ideological characteristics of the Gospel of John and Paul's letters, it was accused of being influenced by the Gnostics and was once regarded as a work of the second century. However, the same style and characteristics appear in the works of the Dead Sea Scrolls. This shows that the Gospel of John and Paul's letters are like the Dead Sea Scrolls, and they also faithfully reflect the social appearance of the apostle John and the early church. In addition, Hebrews and Revelation also determined the period of writing by comparing relevant materials from the Dead Sea Scrolls, neither later than 70 AD.
It is particularly worth mentioning that the Old Testament manuscripts in the Dead Sea Scrolls provide an accurate basis for translation of the New Testament. It is worth mentioning that the Dead Sea Scrolls have helped people resolve some disputes about the doctrine of the New Testament. In addition, the Israeli Cultural Heritage Agency announced on October 19, 2010 that it intends to publish high-definition photos of the "Dead Sea Scrolls" and other materials in English translation text on the Google website for free use by researchers.
. (Ancient Greece) Festos disc
Time and age: 17th century BC
Overview: Festos disc is a soil disc in the 17th century BC. It was discovered in 1908 at the site of the Festo Palace on Crete, Greece. It is currently in Heraklion Archaeological Museum . It is a terracotta disc with a diameter of 6.5 inches. Both sides of the disc are engraved with hieroglyphs, totaling 241, arranged spirally from the outside to the inside. There is a clear gap between the words. Judging from the engraving method of the text pattern, the disc is engraved when it is still shaved. It is pressed out of two separate molds. There are 241 symbols on the plate representing characters, animals, body organs and various objects. There are also some ship patterns, the most common symbol of the head of the head, similar to the Philistines in Egyptian paintings in Ramesim. Countless scholars attempted to interpret the symbols on the Festus disc, which archaeologists believe are related to ancient civilizations from Greece to Egypt.
Important value and significance: The symbols on the disc are imprinted with movable type on the mud plate when it is still wet, and are the earliest known movable type printing literature so far. Although some scholars have recently believed that it records some ancient astronomical calendar, no scholar has been able to interpret the meaning of these text patterns so far. The Mino people were the earliest nation in Europe to use words. In the early 2000s BC, palace secretaries had already used hieroglyphs to register products in stock.
It is worth mentioning that the British Times had previously reported that one of the most well-known mysteries in the archaeological world, the Festos disc of the ancient Greek Minoans civilization, was kicked out by an American scholar to think it was a fake. The 45 mysterious symbols on the Festus disc are regarded as poems, scriptures, magic inscriptions, movements, and even the oldest punctuation marks of mankind from 4,000 years ago. However, since the ancient artifact was unearthed a hundred years ago, no one has been able to interpret the meaning represented by the symbols on the disc. Dr. Eisenberg, an American expert who specializes in the forging of ancient relics, once said that these symbols are meaningless because the Festos disc is a big scam.
Greek authorities have refused to allow Eisenberg to inspect the Festos disc outside the display box, citing that the antique is too fragile and not suitable for transport. As long as the basic scientific chronological test is used to light and heat test, it can be proved whether Eisenberg's words are true, but the Greek authorities have refused to allow the disc to be tested.
0. (Ancient Chinese Shang and Zhou dynasties) Post-Muwu Ding
Time and age: Ancient Chinese Shang and Zhou dynasties
Overview: Post-Muwu Ding, also known as Post-Muwu Dafang Ding. The original artifact was unearthed in Anyang, Henan in March 1939. It was made by King Zu Geng or Zu Jia to sacrifice his mother Wu. It is a representative work of bronze culture during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The pattern of Houmu Wu tripod is beautiful and solemn, with exquisite craftsmanship, and has always been admired by the world. The original artifact was unearthed in Anyang, Henan in March 1939. It was made by King Zu Geng or Zu Jia to sacrifice his mother Wu. It is a representative work of bronze culture in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is now in , the National Museum of China .
After research and verification, the inscription "Hermu Wu" on the inner wall of the cauldron is the temple name of the concubine and wife of King Wu Ding of Shang. The Later Mu Wu Ding was cast using the pottery model method. In the later Shang Dynasty, the Later Mu Wu Ding required at least 1,000 kilograms of raw materials, and it must be completed with the close cooperation of about 200 craftsmen. After measurement, the tripod contained 84.77% copper, 11.64% tin, and 2.79% lead, which was basically consistent with the copper-tin ratio recorded in ancient documents.
Post-Mumwu tripod pattern is beautiful and solemn, with exquisite craftsmanship, and has always been admired by the world. Its value is therefore higher. The cauldron pattern and Taotie pattern are cast around the cauldron body, which adds to the majestic and solemn feeling of the cultural relics themselves. Taotie is a legendary beast that likes to eat all kinds of food. It is cast on bronze to indicate good luck and good food. The auricle patterns are commonly known as the tiger bites the human head pattern. This pattern is a tiger-shaped shape on the left and right sides of the ear. The tiger's head is wrapped around the upper part of the ear and opens its mouth toward each other. There is a human head in the middle of the tiger, as if it is swallowed by a tiger. There are two fish-shaped ones on the ear. Especially the cicada pattern cast on the feet, the pattern shows the cicada body and the lines are very clear.
Important value and significance: It is worth mentioning that the Houmu Wu Ding is a representative work of bronze ware in the Yin Dynasty in China, marking the development level of bronze casting technology in the Shang Dynasty and China's superb casting level. It is worth mentioning that the Houmu Wu Ding is the largest and heaviest bronze ritual vessel unearthed in the world so far, and enjoys the reputation of "the treasure of the country". It is now a national first-class cultural relic and was included in the list of cultural relics prohibited from going abroad in 2002.
Post-Muwu tripod is a rare precious bronze artifact in the world. It is the largest and heaviest of all unearthed tripods so far: it weighs 832.84 kilograms, is 133 cm high, is 110 cm long, is 78 cm wide, is 46 cm high, and is 6 cm thick. It is so big that it can be used as a manger, so it is also called "manger tripod". The Houmu Wu Ding is a representative work of bronze ware in the Yin Dynasty in China, marking the development level of bronze casting technology in the Shang Dynasty and China's superb casting level.
Attachment: Other five world-class important cultural relics
(Ancient Egypt) Rosetta Stone : Rosetta Stone was made in 196 BC and is engraved with the edict of the ascension of the ancient Egyptian king Ptolemy V. The same content is engraved on the stone tablet in Greek, ancient Egyptian and popular characters at that time, which gives modern archaeologists the opportunity to interpret the meaning and structure of Egyptian hieroglyphs that have been lost for more than a thousand years after comparing the contents of each language version, making it an important milestone in today's study of ancient Egyptian history.The Rosetta Stone arrived in the UK in 1802 and was donated to the British Museum in the name of the British King as a collection. Since then, the Rosetta Stone has been displayed in the museum's Egyptian Pavilion and is one of the most proud treasures of the museum.
(Ancient Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty) Eastern Han Dynasty bronze galloping horse : Eastern Han Dynasty bronze galloping horse, also known as Ma Chao Dragon Bird, Horse-trapping Flying Swallow, etc., is a bronze ware of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was unearthed in the Leitai Han Tomb in Wuwei City, Gansu Province in October 1969, and is now in the Gansu Provincial Museum . The bronze galloping horse in the Eastern Han Dynasty weighs 7.15 kg. The horse raised its head and neighed, its torso was strong and its limbs were slender, its legs were light and its hooves were light, its three legs were flying forward, and its one foot stepped on the flying swallow. A huge horse stepped on the back of a galloping dragon bird. The little dragon bird turned around in surprise and looked around, showing the majestic posture of the horse flying in the air and running rapidly. The bronze galloping horse in the Eastern Han Dynasty is a masterpiece of bronze art. It is a manifestation of the brave and heroic spirit of the Han Dynasty people, and it reflects the strength and wealth of the Han Dynasty .
(Germany) Nebra Astrology Disk : Nebra Astrology Disk is a bronze disc with a diameter of 30 cm, covered with blue-green green rust and gold symbols embedded in them. One of the symbols on the disk may be the sun or full moon, an crescent and many stars. There are two gold arcs added later on the side of the plate, marking the angle between the summer solstice and the winter solstice. The last thing added is another arc with many strokes around the plate. Those who see it for the first time may guess it is a decoration or an ancient currency, but in fact it is the oldest known astrology disc in the world discovered on Mount Telberg in Nebra, Germany. It is worth mentioning that German archaeologists believe that this unearthed artifact is as important as the famous British Stonehenge and Egyptian pyramids.
(Ancient Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty) Horse-trapping Flying Swallow: Eastern Han Dynasty bronze galloping horse, also known as Horse-trapping Flying Swallow, is a bronze ware of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was unearthed in the Leitai Han Tomb in Wuwei City, Gansu Province in October 1969, and is now in the Gansu Provincial Museum. The bronze galloping horse in the Eastern Han Dynasty weighs 7.15 kg. The image is agile and handsome, and has a unique charm. The horse raised its head and neighed, its torso was strong and its limbs were slender, its legs were light and its hooves were light, its three legs were flying forward, and its one foot stepped on the flying swallow.
(Ancient Chinese Song Dynasty) Yaobian Tianmu Tea Bowl : Yaobian Tianmu Tea Bowl is a black-glazed Jianzhan in the Song Dynasty and was used by the Song people to fight tea. When Japanese people describe this bowl, they use the word "cosmic in the bowl", which means that it seems to be the starry sky seen by the sea late at night, which is unfathomable. The successful fire of Yaobian Tianmu Tea Bowl is extremely accidental, and it will emit a charming colorful halo under certain temperature conditions. At that time, in order to make the black porcelain, which was originally a bit dull and monotonous, develop the "Yaobian" technology. Yaobian is extremely rare because it requires extremely high requirements for kiln temperature and firing atmosphere. Nowadays, there are only four pieces of Jianzhan from the world, all of which were preserved by Japan.
