During the Qing Dynasty, the people at the bottom of the class struggled on the line of life and death
Wherever there was oppression, there was resistance. People all over the country rose up to resist. Among them, the strongest and most extensive influence, which hit the rulers of China and abroad was the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising.
1851 On January 1, Hong Xiuquan , Feng Yunshan , Yang Xiuqing , Xiao Chaogui , Shi Dakai and others led more than 20,000 worshipping believers of the God Cult in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi, and launched the vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising. The rebels traverseed 18 provinces, captured more than 600 cities, captured half of the southeast, and established their capital in Tianjing, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rulers of China and abroad. Although in the end, due to the breeding of corruption within the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom leadership group, lack of correct strategic deployment, and internal self-killing, they failed in 1864 under the joint strangulation of reactionary rulers of China and abroad, they finally used indomitableness and resistance to break through darkness and corruption, and wrote a new historical chapter with loyalty and blood, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent 1911 Revolution to overthrow the Qing Dynasty!
The river is crisscrossing, the sky is high and the sea is wide, and the hero has no regrets, but he only asks the serf to roll the red flag and put on frost and snow to kill the clear demon. Youth is filled with a monument, how can you judge heroes by success or failure?
Be brave to resist and change, and even if you fail, you will still be honored. If you have a long history of loyalty and martyrdom, how can you judge heroes by success or failure?
There were two northern expeditions during the revolutionary period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The first was after the Jintian Uprising of . The Tianping Heavenly Kingdom had more than 20,000 people in the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom made a northern expedition, heading northward, and it was unstoppable. After capturing Wuchang , the uprising army had reached one million. Then he led his troops eastward to conquer Nanjing, renamed Tianjing, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. On May 13, 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was still under the siege of the Qing army. The Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan and the East King Yang Xiuqing sent Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang to lead more than 20,000 elite troops of the Heavenly Kingdom to go deep into the North China and seek Beijing, but they were trapped in the encirclement of the Qing army and their entire army was wiped out.
Both Northern Expeditions were elite troops of the Taiping Army, with more than 20,000 people. Why did the first time the capital was completed and the capital was set in Tianjing, but the second time the entire army was wiped out?
Tianping Army fought fiercely with the Qing army. The Northern Expedition Army was wiped out in Fengguantun, Chiping, Shandong. The first reason was that the Tianping Army had more courage, lack of strategy, and lacked strategic structure. It captured the capital Beijing, which was defended by hundreds of thousands of Qing army, and violated the taboo of using troops alone and deep.
makes a mistake in strategic layout, be proud and underestimate the enemy, and attacks the crowd with few. Even if it is flexible and brave in combat, it will be useless. In the end, it will inevitably be overthrown and defeated the generals and fall into the sand.
When the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom revolted in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi, Jiangnan, Jiangnan was the weak place in the Qingting rule. Moreover, the Qing Eight Banners troops and Green Camp soldiers were low in combat and corrupt, and they lacked preparations for the sudden uprising of the Taiping Army. The Taiping Army caught the Qing army off guard. However, after the Taiping Army established its capital in Nanjing, although Nanjing had a natural danger, it was located in the four battles between the north and the south. When the enemy was strong, it was easily surrounded by the enemy from water to land. It required heavy troops to defend Nanjing, which dispersed the attack power of the Taiping Army and was in a passive situation of fighting everywhere. Jinling is rich, and being in a comfortable state can easily make people arrogant, extravagant and misjudgment of the current situation. This is why many regimes in history have established their capital in Nanjing but have not lasted.
prematurely established the capital of Nanjing, sinking into the gentle town, being surrounded by the Qing army, falling into a strategic passive
The second reason is that the terrain of the south and north China, the climate, the people's hearts and feelings are different, and the people's enthusiasm for revolution are different.
The people in the south of the Yangtze River are open and far away from the center of the Qingting rule. The poor people in the remote mountainous areas believe in ghosts and gods. The climate is humid and hot. The mountainous areas are vast and the plains are small. The people are under oppression and exploitation by reactionary rulers from China and abroad, and the enthusiasm for revolution is high.Furthermore, the Taiping Army was good at infantry, field and night wars, and guerrilla warfare. Although its equipment was not as good as the Qing army, its revolutionary enthusiasm was high, its ideals were firm, its combat effectiveness was brave and tenacious, and the Qing army had poor combat effectiveness, but it was well equipped, especially in the navy and cavalry. The Taiping Army was just right to play to its strengths and avoid its weaknesses and siege cities and plunder. Therefore, every time we go to a place, we overcome difficulties, and the people join the Taiping Army one after another. The Taiping Army becomes more and more brave, and the more troops they fight, and when they reach Wuchang, it has reached one million (of course, the Taiping Army is a military-civilian unity, and the real combat troops are only more than 300,000).
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Jiangnan combat situation map
North China in northern China is located in the center of the ruling of the Great Plains and the Qing Dynasties. Especially Shandong is the birthplace of the Three Bonds and Five Constant Confucianism of Confucius, Mencius and Confucianism. Under the dual role of the long-term harsh rule of feudal rulers and feudal ethics, the people are accustomed to obeying and have strong slavery. On the one hand, the people are farming and studying and passing on their families, and on the other hand, they are loyal to the emperor and serve the country's courtesy and integrity. In addition, the plains are rich in resources, and people can basically eat a full meal in normal years, and no one is willing to risk beheading to participate in the revolution. Furthermore, the plain area was conducive to the siege of cavalry and cavalry in the Qing army. Although the soldiers of the Tianping Army fought bravely, they were still beaten everywhere on the enemy's tide of cavalry and cavalry and the unblocked plain. There was no base, there was a shortage of food and bullets, and most of the troops were old brothers from Guangdong and Guangxi, and they were not adapted to the climate. The people's enthusiasm for revolution was not high, and it was difficult to be supplemented. The troops fought less and less, and the entire army was finally destroyed.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Second Northern Expedition Situation Chart
The third reason is that the generals of the Taiping Army, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang, only know how to abide by the imperial edicts of the Heavenly King and the Eastern King, and advance lightly. Do not entangle the demons along the way, and take Beijing directly. When Jinghai, Tianjin was surrounded by the Qing army, she obeyed her orders and defended her. She led her army to break through in time. After defending Jinghai in Tianjin for more than half a year, more and more Qing troops were. Finally, she hurriedly retreated south and the entire army was destroyed in the Liaocheng area of Shandong. If the Qing army initially surrounded the siege, while the enemy had not yet encircled, led the entire army to break through and enter the Taiyi Mountains to establish a mountainous anti-Qing base, use the mountains as cover, launch a riot in the mountainous poor peasants, fight guerrillas everywhere to restrain the enemy, and make the enemy's cavalry and cavalry teams be subject to the greatest limitations due to the complex and steep terrain. To praise our strengths and attack the enemy's shortcomings, it would definitely be another result, but at the worst, the entire army would not be destroyed.
During the Qing Dynasty, the poor people in the mountainous areas had no food and clothing, and it was easy to develop into the object of revolution. When Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang's troops were surrounded by the Qing army in Jinghai, Tianjin, Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing sent Zeng Lichang , Xu Zongyang and others to lead 7,500 troops to reinforce the Northern Expedition Army. Unfortunately, although Zeng Lichang was brave in fighting, he lacked a view of the overall situation and did not understand the strategy. He sent a large army to attack Linqing City. In more than ten days, an empty city was captured. The materials in the city had been burned down by the Qing army. During these ten days, the Qing army was able to encircle. Zeng Lichang led his army to break through the siege and retreat south, and the entire army was disintegrated. Zeng Lichang rode a horse into the Yellow River and died. If Zeng Lichang could bypass Linqing , join forces with Lin Li and Li, and retreat large troops into Taiyi Mountain District to defend by dangerous means, the outcome would definitely be very different.
So, a general is not good at planning, does not distinguish between importance, does not have any curiosity, and fights hard with his flesh and blood. He is definitely not a qualified general. A general is incompetent to exhaust thousands of troops!
The serious mistakes in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's strategy and tactics led to the destruction of the Northern Expedition Army and from then onwards.
Some people say that when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had a million troops in Wuchang, it was not too early to establish its capital in Nanjing, but instead directly led the entire army to the north. It would definitely defeat the Qing army, occupy Beijing, and change the dynasty. I think this view is wrong.
The senior leaders of the Taiping Army have no strategic pattern, small farmers have a strong sense of consciousness, and Hong Xiuquan is full of ambition and talent. He is just a mediocre person who cannot become a big climate. His only skill is his ability to fool and founded the Church of God. I painted cakes to satisfy my hunger and made a wish for countless poor peasants. Don’t say that, just by doing this, I really fooled a team in that era when social contradictions were extremely sharp.
The bandit-style combat method is not known to rely on mountainous areas to establish strategic bases and use our strengths to defeat the enemy's shortcomings.When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reached its climax and occupied Wuchang with millions of troops, the first thing to do was to establish the Dabie Mountains Anti-Qing revolutionary base, the Dabie Mountains District, the Dabie Mountains District, the Yangtze River in the south, the Huanghuai River in the north, the Nanjing in the east, and the Wuhan in the west, with a depth of five or six hundred miles. It is a strategic place that must be fought for by military strategists. At the same time, it can play to its strengths and avoid its weaknesses, so that the cavalry and sailors of the Qing army have no place to use their skills, and launch poor people everywhere and guerrilla warfare. Why not be afraid that the Qing army will not be destroyed and the world will be uncertain. The Nanling Anti-Qing Base was established in , and the Qinba Mountains Anti-Qing Revolutionary Base was established in the western part of Hanzhong. The Northern Expedition Army was divided into two parts: east and west, establishing the Taihang Mountains and the Anti-Qing Revolutionary Base Area in Taiyi Mountains. Once the time is ripe, the world will change, and several armies will attack Beijing, the Qing court can destroy it and the world can be determined.
The strategic position of the Dabie Mountains is extremely important. Unfortunately, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom did not send heavy troops to guard
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom did not unite the Han landlord intellectuals, and the united front was not well established. After the capital of Nanjing was established, the senior officials of the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom quickly became corrupt and degenerated, and internally fought against each other for power and profit. More than 20,000 elite Taiping Army soldiers died in internal strife. Hong Xiuquan himself has no real talent and knowledge, but he also suspects the people he uses everywhere. He is politically corrupt and degenerate, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is in decline.
lacks strategic vision like this, and the small peasants have a strong sense of consciousness. Do you think their entire army will definitely succeed in the revolution if they go north. I think it's a dream. Not to mention that it's impossible to conquer Beijing, even if they are allowed to fight to the United States, the revolution will not be successful. Because they formulated a series of unrealistic programs, lacked strategic deployment, had more courage, lack of strategy, small peasant consciousness, and lacked lofty revolutionary goals and ideals. Everyone's original intention of participating in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is nothing more than to have enough food and get promoted and make money.
Heavenly King is high, has great ambitions and talent, is separated from the masses, is corrupt and degenerate, and is suspicious.
No matter what, in order to overthrow the reactionary and corrupt The incompetent Qing Dynasty rulers, he fought a arduous battle for fourteen years and severely attacked the reactionary rulers of China and abroad. In the end, although they failed for various reasons, they were still revolutionary and progressive. They used their passion and loyalty and used their continuous struggle to make the people in the dark and painful days in the old China!
Golden swords and iron horses, heroic for thousands of years, people are still alive in the green mountains;
Great waves wash away the sand, carry on the past and open up the future, how to judge heroes by success or failure?
The edict of the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan
