The Northeast is the cradle of the Republic's industrial and important granary, but when I turned back to the Qing Dynasty, the Northeast was still vast and sparsely populated, with few cities and not many populations. Many Northeast cities only emerged in modern times. How did these cities in Northeast China undergo tremendous changes?
Harbin skyline
First talk about the reasons for the slow development of Northeast China in the mid-Qing Dynasty. First, the banner is the main form of land development in Northeast China. The Qing court vigorously promoted the serf-based production relations in the Northeast China Banner. The strong personal dependence relations and super-economic exploitation curbed the development of the handicraft economy and commercial economy, causing urban development to lose its economic momentum.
Second, in order to protect the "land of dragon rise" and Manchu customs, the Qing court completed the ban policy of quarantine in the Northeast from geographical fences to ideological . ban policy has greatly hindered the human and material exchanges between the Northeast and the Pass, resulting in slow population growth in the Northeast and extremely lagging economic development. Before the ban on Xianfeng was lifted, only the three cities of Kaiyuan, Guangning and Anguang in Shengjing area were more than 10 miles in the 6 weeks. What does this mean? You will know that after you have visited Pingyao Ancient City, this ancient city is the most complete and was at the county level in the Qing Dynasty, with a 3-mile lunar month. Among the seven Bianwai towns in Jilin and Hei areas, the largest Jilin Wula and Bodune New City are less than 8 miles away.
Pingyao Ancient City on Wednesday
As Tsarist Russia was eyeing the Siberians in the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing court realized the crisis from the Northeast. If immigration was not allowed, not only the Northeast would be ceded, but also the Northeast would be risked. So during the Xianfeng period, the ban was lifted, and the population in Northeast China began to grow rapidly.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing court fully opened up the ban on reclamation, measured the official shortage, recruited people to cultivate and cultivate, and formed a craze for immigration to realize the border and develop the border outside the pass. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the population size and arable land area in the Northeast continued to expand. The TV series "Crossing Guandong" showed this magnificent history.
1908-1928, the population in Northeast China increased by 60%, and the newly reclaimed land and land acres increased by more than 64%. Before and after the September 18th Incident, , the soybean planting area in Northeast China reached 36.53 million mu, accounting for 51.67% of the national cultivated area.
Dalian city night view
The rise of a number of cities in the northeast is closely related to the Middle East Railway. Just like Shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou are called "cities brought by trains". There are many cities of this type in the Northeast, including Manzhouli , Qiqihar , Mudanjiang , Harbin, Dalian and other cities.
For example, after the establishment of the station, Harbin has maintained its position as the largest agricultural product distribution point on the Middle East Railway. By 1931, the grains sent through the Harbin Station still accounted for 42.4% of the total grains sent by the North Manchuria Railway under the control of Russian . On the basis of agricultural products distribution, Harbin soon built light industrial factories such as flour mills, breweries, oil mills, leather factories, and fire mills, and the population in all directions was gathered.
Harbin Station
For example, Dalian, before the construction of the Middle East Railway, there were only a few hundred people in Dalian Bay , including 17 households in Dongqingniwa, 20 households in Xiqingniwa, more than 10 households in fishing village Heizuizi, and more than 10 households in Xigangzi. At the beginning of 1903, the population of Dalian Special City increased to 41,000, and by 1930, the population of Dalian had exceeded 200,000.
Now the Northeast has become a world-famous granary. html has undergone tremendous changes in the ocean in more than 1,100 years. How do you think this tremendous change in the Northeast happened? welcome to leave a message for exchange and discussion!
