" Zizhi Tongjian " Volume 2 Zhou Jisan
【Original text】
Su Qin After he died, Qin's brother Dai and Li also showed their lobbying to the princes. Yan Xiangzi married Su Dai and wanted to get Yan's power.
Su Dai sent back to Qi, and King Kuai of Yan asked, "Is the King of Qi domineering?"
And replied, "No."
The king said, "Why?"
And replied, "I don't believe in his ministers." So the king of Yan appointed his son to him.
Lu Maoshou said to the King of Yan: "A man is a wise man because he can give way to the world. Now the king gives up his son to his country, and the king and Yao have the same name." Because the king of Yan belongs to his country, his son is very important.
As some say, "Yu recommended Yi and took Qi as an official, and when he was old, Qi was not enough to be the world, and passed on it to Yi. Qi and his party attacked Yi and seized it. The world said that Yu's reputation was passed on to Yi and actually ordered Qi to take it himself. Now the king said that the country belongs to his son and the officials are nothing but the prince's men. This is the name of the son and the prince is actually the prince's men."
The king collected the seal and ribbon, and the officials were already above the three hundred stone officials and followed his son. When Zi was in the south of the king's affairs, Kuai was old and did not obey the government and was a minister. All the national affairs were determined by Zi.
【Translation】
After Su Qin's death, his younger brothers Su Dai and Su Li were also known for lobbying in various countries. Yan State Prime Minister Zhinun and Su Dai became in-laws, hoping to gain the power of Yan State.
Su Dai returned from his mission to Qi , and King Yan Ji Kuai asked him: "Can King Qi dominate?"
Su Dai replied: "No."
Yan King asked again: "Why?"
Answer, "He does not trust his ministers."
So King Yan handed over the power to , the son of . Lu Maoshou also said to the King of Yan: "People praise Yao as a wise monarch because he can give up the world. Now, if you give up the country to Zizhi, you will have the same reputation as Yao." The King of Yan then entrusted the country to Zizhi. From then on, Zizhi gathered great power in one body.
Another people said to the King of Yan: "In ancient times, Yu recommended Yi as his successor and appointed officials who were subordinates of his son Qi. When he was old, Yu said that Qi was not competent for governing the world and passed the throne to Yi. However, Qi colluded with his own party members to attack Yi and quickly seized the throne. Therefore, everyone in the world said that Yu was clearly passing on the world to Yi, but in fact he arranged for his son Qi to seize the throne himself. Now, King Yan said that you gave the country to Zizhi, but the officials were all the princes. This is also the name of Zizhi and the real power is in the hands of the prince!"
The King of Yan ordered all official seals to be confiscated and all official positions with a salary of more than 300 stones to Zizhi to appoint. From then on, Zizhi became king in the south. Ji Kuai was old and no longer listened to government affairs. Instead, he became a minister. Zizhi decided on all major national affairs.
【Material Analysis】
Legendly, Yao passed the throne to Shun, Shun passed the throne to Yu, Dayu passed the throne to Yi, Dayu's son Qi took away Yi's throne to establish Xia Dynasty , and then the abdication system was replaced by the family world. But a thousand years later, , Warring States , staged another stupid abdication drama. The king of Yan State, King Kuai, followed the example of the legendary sage and sage king. He ignored the actual situation and listened to people's insults to hand over the foundation that his ancestors had worked hard to build to his ministers.
Why did King Kuai of Yan abdicate the throne in history?
First, the author believes that King Kuai of Yan was an idealist. He paid special attention to virtues such as "virtue" and "benevolence". He admired the legend of Tang Yao Yu Shun abdication in ancient times, and also attempted to establish a system of tyrants through his own practice.
Han Feizi·Shuoyi "Shuoyi" says: "The gentleman of Yan is the descendant of Shao Gong. He has thousands of miles of land and hundreds of thousands of halberds. He is not at ease with the joy of his children. He does not listen to the sound of bells and stones. He does not obscene the ponds and terraces inside, nor does he hunt outside, and he also personally carries a plow to build a mu. Zi Kuai's suffering is so great that he is worried about the people. Although the so-called saint king and wise king in ancient times, he is not even more worried about the world. However, Zi Kuai died and the country was destroyed, and he took his son and the world laughed at him. Why is this? I don't understand why he is a minister."
Huainanzi·The Secretariat of the World also says: "Swallows die when they act benevolence."
Han Fei and the author of "Huainanzi·Huaijian" criticized King Kuai of Yan for his negligence in "being kindness" and not knowing the ability of the king to control his subordinates. However, his quilt was taken away by the throne and was ridiculed by the people of the world. This shows that King Kuai of Yan "is uneasy about the joy of his children, does not listen to the sound of bells and stones, does not obscure the ponds and terraces inside, does not hunt on the outside, and he also personally carries the plow to cultivate acres". He is a monarch who encourages frugality, opposes extravagance, cherishes the people's strength, advocates farming and labor, and "hards his body and worrys about the people". His "diligent body and worry about the world" even surpasses the ancient "sage king and wise king".
If the hard-working practice of King Kuai of Yan still belongs only to his moral proposition, then the Ren Xian pursued in the practice of abdication is a reflection of his political proposition, and it is also a kind of stupid thing such as not paying attention to actual situations, living in his own ideals, and doing such a stupid thing as learning to walk in Handan.
Second, Zizhi is an ambitious ambitious man who caters to the psychology of King Kuai of Yan to give power. There are not many records about Zizhi in historical records. "Records of the Grand Historian: The Family of Zhaogong Yan" only says that he was the prime minister of King Kuai of Yan, "reputable and decisive." However, since King Kuai of Yan was willing to give way to him, it shows that the two of them have similar ideas and political opinions, and it also shows that King Kuai of Yan was fascinated by Zizhi's talent. At least his "primeness, the lord's decision" was praised by King Kuai of Yan. According to the facts after King Kuai of Yan gave up his throne, it seems that Zizhi was a person who was not a good person, and it is very likely that he had more power than talent.
"Han Feizi·Nei Chushou" said that when Zizhi was appointed as the prime minister of Yan, he "sitted and pretended to say, 'Why are you walking out of the door?'? No one left and right said, "I'm going to see it." A man walked to chase him and reported, "I'm there. I know that the left and right are dishonest." He entrusted the saying that "white horse" was actually about to use power. In "Han Feizi·Erbha Pian" says, "The son entrusted his wise to take away his king." It can be said to be a sharp attack.
In the long era of emperors, historians liked to praise the "abdication" system of Yao and Shun's period to be extremely noble, but they did not know that it was just a "fig leaf" for usurping the throne. In fact, it was full of naked lies, and in fact it was not as warm as imagined. King Kuai of Yan was a strange creature who was not as good as ever. He believed that the "abdication" system not only existed, but also directly "copied homework" with Yao and Shun, and eventually ended up being chopped into meat paste.
For ordinary people, you have kindness and noble morality. It doesn’t matter if you copy other people’s homework step by step, because it will not cause any consequences. However, as the king of a country and the head of a family, every move of his own concerns the fate of millions of individuals, and he cannot let his own nature pursue those illusory benevolence, righteousness and morality. Even the legend of Yao and Shun abdication is really impossible to imitate, because today is not as usual, times are changing, and people's hearts are changing.
As the king of a country and the head of a family, even an ordinary person, you must have your own opinions and think about it before doing things. Is this really feasible?
A truly capable monarch, even if he hears the truth, he must have his own dialectical thinking , learn to distinguish and make the best choice.
Everyone’s actions are considered from the perspective of their own interests, and they rarely consider others sincerely. Su Dai and Zizhi are in-laws and children, and are a community of interests. Of course, people will tell their own interests, not to mention that Su Dai is from a low-ranking and has no experience in becoming a king. How can he know how to be the standard for becoming a king?
Even today's Jack Ma , the richest man like Bill Gates tells us how to become the top rich, and we cannot completely believe them. What's more, we can't listen to people who have a lower social status and are not satisfactory.
If a person wants to achieve a career, he cannot just stay in his ideals, but must practice and explore. If there are successful routines in the world that can be imitated and copied step by step, then there will be no poor people in the world.
Qin Shihuang Ambition and ambition to unify the six countries. There were no cases for reference in the past. People knew that they would explore and explore their own revolutionary principles.
Zhu Yuanzhang was born into a civilian, his parents died, and wandered around before he was twenty-five years old. He then relied on himself to continue to struggle and explore. In less than 15 years, he ascended the throne of the nineteenth century. During this period, he only knew all kinds of sadness and dissatisfaction. When he became an emperor, there were no successful cases for his reference. Instead, he constantly explored his own imperial path in reality. He did not want to be like King Kuai of Yan or a saint like Yao and Shun, so as to copy his homework without thinking.
If King Kuai of Yan really wants to achieve hegemony, he should first do these two things well.
First, strive to maintain the stability of your own power
Only, the general's power, personnel power, financial power, and administrative power are firmly controlled in your own hands, and then step by step is to achieve your own goals. If the power is unstable, you will not be able to do anything. Why can you be the king?
Second, the king of a country is the parents of this people. First of all, we must live a stable life for the people. The most fundamental thing is to make the country stronger and the people live and work in peace and contentment. The people are all displaced, thieves are rampant, and wars are frequent. Even if you are given the title of overlord, it will only be temporary and will be taken away by others sooner or later.
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