- Before reading this article, please click to "follow" , which not only facilitates you to discuss and share, but also brings you a different sense of participation. Thank you for your support.
On July 1, 1948, Chairman Mao’s guard Li Yinqiao was busy with the matter at hand, and suddenly Wang Ming walked in with a stern face : "I want to see the Chairman."
Li Yinqiao took him in, but Wang Ming was straight to the point:
"I have opinions on the resolutions of several historical issues, but I can't figure it out, and I still need to talk to you."
Li Yinqiao retreated out tactfully and hurried to find Premier Zhou. After a while, there was only a quarrel in the room, and it became more and more intense. also heard a sentence: "You are almost victorious, but you still don't want to reflect on it?"
Why did Chairman Mao say this? Why did Wang Ming resist admitting his mistake? What is his ending?
The starting point of life is high and smooth
In 1904, Wang Ming was born in a poor family in Jinzhai, Anhui Province. At that time, his name was Chen Shaoyu. Although his family is poor, he is talented and remembers things quickly and firmly, and his old learning is very deep.
Like many outstanding young people of that era, he was full of passion for the revolutionary cause and participated in a variety of student movements.
In June 1925, the May 3 Movement broke out. Wang Ming actively participated and held an important position, and also joined the Communist Party of China in October of the same year.
This was the period when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated with . He joined the Kuomintang as a Communist Party member and became the propaganda officer of the Kuomintang in the Hubei Provincial Party Committee.
such a starting point has made most people envious, but God still favors him Wang Ming got the opportunity to study in the Soviet Union. But in fact, at the beginning, he was not in the quota for international students.
At that time, in order to commemorate Comrade Sun Yat-sen's efforts for the revolutionary cause, the Soviet government established a university in Moscow, namely " Sun Yat-sen University ". In the initial enrollment of 340 students, Hubei was assigned 10 places.
Wang Ming was very yearning for the Soviet Union, so he took the initiative to submit an application for the recommended quota. He was a little famous at this time, and most people have very high voices about him being selected.
, but most of these admissions for admission fell on the children of important members of the Kuomintang, and he was not well-born and had no background, so he was not named on the list. This was a big blow to Wang Ming, who has always been arrogant.
But he did not give up. He first went to Jiangxi to apply, but failed and continued to go back to Hubei to beg the Party Department to give him this opportunity. Later, with Chen Duxiu's strong recommendation, he finally obtained a quota for studying abroad.
The opposite is that Chairman Mao at that time took the initiative to give up the opportunity to study abroad. He believed that theoretical knowledge can be learned anywhere, but the solution to practical problems must be practiced by himself. The two different choices of
may also mean that the two cannot embarrass on the same path.
After coming to Moscow, Wang Ming immediately exerted his own language talent. He could communicate fluently in Russian in less than half a year, and was familiar with Marxist-Leninister-related works.
Wang Ming was extremely eye-catching among the students, and even received the respect of the principal Miff , and accepted him as a disciple of the house and gave him many opportunities to perform.
So Wang Ming began to be overwhelmed, thinking that he understood the best Marxism-Leninism , and summed up the "revolutionary experience" he thought he was the most correct: If you want to do a good revolution, you must have the support of the Soviets!
At this time, his thoughts began to be biased and he overwhelmed the Soviet Union's dogmatism. In March 1929, Wang Ming returned to Shanghai and wanted to do something big, but was arranged to handle grassroots work. During this period, he was also seriously warned for almost revealing the location of the secret agency, but he was not discouraged, and the opportunity to get ahead soon came.
was influenced by the "left" thought of Communist International . Some people in the party began to ignore China's basic national conditions and the relatively weak revolutionary forces at home and abroad, and one-sidedly exaggerate the favorable side of the revolution.
and formed the "left" adventurism represented by Li Lisan, and advocated concentrating all its forces to attack the central city. It was this decision that caused our party to suffer heavy losses.
Through this incident, the Communist International also realized that in order to lead the Chinese revolution to victory, it is necessary to send elites to assist. And the person they chose was Wang Ming’s mentor Miff.
So on January 7, 1931, with the strong support of Miff, the unknown young master Wang Ming directly transformed himself into a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
Soon after, the Party Central Committee began to transfer to rural bases. The rural environment was very harsh, and Wang Ming was unwilling to go, so he transferred himself to Moscow through Miff's relationship.
Before leaving, he transferred his position to Bogu and continued to contact him to remotely control the Party Central Committee. was eventually forced to embark on the road of the Long March of because of their paranoid "left" adventurous policies.
, but Wang Ming was doing well on the international stage and was highly valued by the Communist International. He could directly participate in the decisions on the issues of the Chinese revolution, and his status even surpassed his mentor Miff.
However, the gear of fate recalled him back to China again.
returned to China again and still regarded himself very high
1937 " July 7 Incident ", Japan invaded China in large numbers. If their purpose was successful, the Soviet Union would also be in a crisis situation. Therefore, the Soviet Union decided to help China fight against Japan.
At that time, our army was too weak and only occupied remote rural areas. In the eyes of Stalin , it was impossible to become the backbone of the anti-Japanese war.
After thinking about it, Stalin still chose the Kuomintang, which had a relatively mature armed force, even though they had betrayed him.
Under the catalysis of " Xi'an Incident ", the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached a second cooperation, and the Communist International also planned to send a suitable candidate back to China to assist in solving related problems on the united front.
This person not only needs to be familiar with international policies, but also has to have a high status within the Chinese party. This condition was almost tailored for Wang Ming, so he was sent back to China again.
Before leaving, Stalin also had a conversation with him. The main intention was summarized in a few words:
The most urgent task is to fight against Japan rather than revolution, and let internal struggles aside! The most important thing is to establish good relations with the Kuomintang, jointly fight against Japan, and "armed defense of the Soviet Union" with practical actions!
, and Wang Ming kept this in mind. In his many decisions, he insisted on compromising himself and seeking all the best from the Kuomintang.
On November 29, 1937, a plane from Moscow landed at Yan'an Dongguan Airport. After seeing Wang Ming get off the plane, Chairman Mao, who had been waiting for a long time, immediately greeted him and sent a warm welcome speech:
"Welcome the 'gods' who came down from Kunlun Mountain , welcome our dear international friends, and welcome comrades who came back from the Soviet Union. It is a great joy to return to Yan'an, which is called 'happiness from the sky'."
wang Ming was unhappy when he heard this. He felt that he was the "instructor minister" sent by his superiors. He came here as a leader, not a guest. So he replied sarcastically:
"We are the representatives of the Party in the Communist International, and it was the instruction of Comrade Stalin. There is no place to welcome. Comrade Mao Zedong should be welcomed."
Chairman Mao heard what he said, but did not take it to his heart. He also held a lively welcome banquet for him in the evening, and regardless of his serious "left" mistakes, he arranged a higher position for him.
In fact, Chairman Mao also hopes from the bottom of his heart that Wang Ming can work together with everyone and work hard together. But Wang Ming held the " Shangfang Sword " given by Stalin and did not take him seriously at all.
First, on December 9, 1937, on a biting cold night, the leaders were called to hold a meeting in the cave.
Wang Ming reported on how to continue the national war of resistance and how to strive for victory in the war of resistance. mainly outputs two views, and both points are opposed to Chairman Mao.
First of all, he opposed his proposal to adhere to the principle of independence and autonomy in the united front, and then proposed: accepts the command of the Kuomintang uniformly and reaches a cooperative relationship with Chiang Kai-shek .
Secondly, he opposed the guerrilla warfare that Mao Zedong repeatedly emphasized. He believed that guerrilla warfare could not defeat Japan, and only the National Defense Forces and regular troops under the leadership of the Kuomintang were able to defeat Japan.
and particularly emphasized that these are instructions from the international community and everyone must obey the command. This meeting marked the beginning of the "right" surrenderism led by Wang Ming, and responded to many middle-level leaders.
has received the support of most people, and Wang Ming has begun to wander again, believing that his position in the party exceeds Chairman Mao, he acts arbitrary and arrogant, and directly underestimates the central leadership.
On February 2, 1938, without the permission and review of the central leaders, he drafted and delivered relevant conversations about Chairman Mao without authorization. After , he unilaterally decided to convene the next meeting.
Some leaders in the party chose to turn a blind eye to him for the sake of their own unity.
At the second meeting, Wang Ming's attitude was even more arrogant, and he expounded his wrong "right" ideology and praised the Kuomintang's regular war.
not only did not recognize that the guerrilla warfare led by the Communist Party of China and the anti-Japanese base area behind played an important role in the War of Resistance, but also repeatedly emphasized that must obey the unified leadership of the Kuomintang.
Because of the two titles "Communist International" and "Stalin's personal choice", Wang Ming's opinion was very effective in the party at the beginning. Even Chairman Mao sighed helplessly: "My order cannot be out of this cave!"
At this time, as long as the objection raised by Chairman Mao would be either ignored by Wang Ming, or he was seriously criticized and opposed by him, and even began to engage in an isolated war. Chairman Mao recalled later: In the December 1937 meeting "I am isolated" .
His feelings are fully reflected in the photos after the meeting: the energetic Wang Ming sat in the middle; and Chairman Mao was directly "marginalized".
Of course, this is not the first time that Wang Ming has targeted Chairman Mao like this. As early as a few years ago, the two of them started early.
The targeting and provocation at the Gannan Conference
At that time, Wang Ming relied on his mentor Miff to become the central leader and advocated his "left" dogmatism. Most people suffered deeply, and the "left" thought gradually dominated.
. Chairman Mao successfully led our army at that time, smashing the two anti-"encirclement and suppression" organized by Chiang Kai-shek, and his reputation increased greatly.
Although Wang Ming disdains to join him like a "mountain scholar", he does not want to offend the famous people in front of the masses today, and also wants him to join his own team and continue to promote the "left" idea through his reputation.
However, as Chairman Mao’s reputation grows higher and higher, his influence in the masses and the military becomes greater and greater.
plus he is also very independent and has his own ideas when looking at people and things. He is really not like the kind of person who is obedient to others.
If he cannot subdue him, then the leadership he has finally obtained is likely to give up.
At this time, Chairman Mao insisted on taking the path of "Marxism-Leninism combined with China's reality, rural areas surround cities , seize power with armed forces, and transition from new democratic to socialism" .
Wang Ming took this opportunity to crack down on him fiercely.
First, at the Gannan Conference in November 1931, Wang Ming severely criticized and accused Chairman Mao.The meeting of
mainly criticized his three major "mistakes":
First, distorted Chairman Mao's correct proposition against "bookism" into "narrow empiricism ", and believed that his affairs in the party was very strong;
Second, distorted Chairman Mao's land policy of "drawing more and making up for less", "drawing fat and making up for thin", and allocating land according to population into the "rich peasant line". When dealing with landlords and rich peasants, Wang Ming advocated killing them all.
, and Chairman Mao believes that no matter from the perspective of development or humanitarianism, landlords and rich peasants cannot be physically eliminated, and they should be given a way out;
Finally, described Chairman Mao's policy of "developing in the original base" as "right-leaning conservative" , accusing our army of not completely breaking away from the tradition of guerrillaism, and decided to concentrate firepower against the "right-leaning" tilt and drive away the "right-leaning" tilt.
However, many years later, he himself fell into a very extreme "right" elucidation.
This meeting was almost always criticizing Chairman Mao, which eventually led to his loss of the position of supreme leader of the Central Soviet Area. However, Wang Ming's suppression of him is far from over.
932 On May 20, 1932, Wang Ming directly remotely controlled the temporary central government to send a telegram to the leaders of the Soviet area, severely criticizing Chairman Mao’s military strategic policy.
claimed that his strategic measures in the three anti-"encirclement and suppression" were completely wrong, not only fighting passively, but also trying to weaken our army's defensive power.
caused our army to be unable to expand Soviet area , and even more unable to consolidate its regime, becoming the main danger facing our army at present.
and instructed the Soviet leaders to try their best to convince Chairman Mao to accept the active struggle policy. If his attitude does not change, he will be directly cleaned up as a "main danger".
However, Wang Ming lived abroad for a long time and was deeply influenced by the dogmatism of the Communist International. He did not understand the actual situation of the Chinese revolution at that time. He only knew to blindly obey the command of the Communist International, lacked experience, and was very stubborn and stubborn.
not only has inaccurate grasp of the revolutionary situation, but has mistakenly estimated the strength of our enemy and us, but also has stubborn opinions and wrong command, resulting in heavy losses to our army.
Just when Wang Ming was pleasing to the position of General Secretary of the Party, there were more and more voices opposing him.
Falling from the "altar" is still stubborn
As the anti-Japanese front continues to lengthen, the harm of Wang Ming's wrong policy is becoming increasingly apparent, and those comrades who were confused by him for a moment also began to wake up.
, and Chairman Mao’s correct route gradually gained recognition from everyone in actual combat.
He knew very well that Wang Ming was so arbitrary because of his titles "Communist International" and "Stalin's chosen one".
In order to solve Wang Ming's "right" erroneous idea from the root, Chairman Mao arranged for Ren Bishi to go to Moscow to truthfully report the actual situation of the Chinese revolution to Stalin. After understanding the truth, the Communist International confirmed that Chairman Mao’s leadership line was correct. So when they returned to China, General Secretary of the Communist International Executive Committee Dimitrov specifically issued instructions to them:
"We should recognize Comrade Mao Zedong as the leader produced in the actual struggle of the Chinese revolution. Please tell Wang Ming, don't fight!"
This means that the Communist International officially recognized Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Communist Party of China. And Wang Ming's "Shangfang Sword" hit the ground.
Although Wang Ming lost, he never admits his defeat from the bottom of his heart and never repents his mistakes. Chairman Mao advised Wang Ming to completely overcome dogmatism and sent people to talk to him and reflect on his mistakes.
Wang Ming disagreed and even published articles on public opinion many times and wrote poems to secretly scold Chairman Mao. But he was already in a desperate situation, and the so-called rebuttal was just a desperate struggle.
In the Yan'an "Rectification Movement" movement in 1942, Wang Ming lost a lot. On the surface, he admitted Chairman Mao's achievements and would still compete secretly behind his back.
On July 1, 1948, Wang Ming came to Chairman Mao with a stern face.
Chairman Mao’s guard Li Yinqiao recognized him and knew that this person had a high opinion of himself and had radical thoughts. He had repeatedly punished Chairman Mao in his early years. Because of his wrong ideas and decisions, our army suffered heavy losses and was forced to the Long March.
Li Yinqiao
Now that he comes with a stern face, it is definitely not a good thing. So he stopped him and asked him about his purpose for coming here . Unexpectedly, Wang Ming didn't even look at him, and said coldly : "I want to see the Chairman."
Li Yinqiao took him in, and Chairman Mao stood up to greet him politely, without even any airs. He gave him the only sofa in the house and sat on a rattan chair by himself. Wang Ming also directly expressed his purpose:
"I have opinions on the resolutions on several historical issues, but I can't figure it out, so I still need to talk to you."
Li Yinqiao withdrew with tactfully. After a while, there was only a quarrel in the room, and it was getting worse and worse. even heard Chairman Mao’s rare annoyance: “You are almost victorious and you still refuse to reflect on yourself?”
Li Yinqiao felt that the situation was not good and hurried to ask for help from Premier Zhou. After Premier Zhou arrived, the atmosphere in the house eased.
After a while, Wang Ming still stepped back with a stern face, and before leaving, he stomped his feet angrily, which was obvious that he was very angry.
It turns out that Chairman Mao clearly pointed out Wang Ming in the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues", hoping that he could write a review letter on his mistakes to reflect on his mistakes.
But Wang Ming never felt that there was something wrong with him, and even came to question Chairman Mao. He was really stubborn.
But he had long since had no chance to turn around. Perhaps he finally understood one thing, so at the end of January 1956, he applied to go to the Soviet Union for treatment and recuperation.
Even though he made all kinds of mistakes, the central government still did not take care of him. Not only did he agree to his application, he also sent famous doctors to treat him many times, hoping that he would return to China to continue to display his talents after he recovered.
However, Wang Ming stubbornly believed that he had made no mistake, and the party and the country treated him like this, so he refused to return to China after his condition improved.
also took advantage of the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, and wrote articles to distort history many times. slandered and attacked Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, completely standing opposite to the Party and the people.
Stubborn people often put themselves in desperate situations, thus destroying their supposedly bright life. Wang Ming was full of energy when he was young and was entrusted with important tasks, but he was too stubborn and became blind, thus losing his opinion.
He did not have the courage to face his mistakes until his death. It was really sad, hateful and lamentable...
What do you think of Wang Ming’s experience? Welcome to discuss in the comment section!
