The unpleasant experiences of the two countries during NATO and the Soviet Union were all caused by recent causes, and the division caused by the Mongolian army more than 700 years ago and subsequent Poland and Lithuania on Kievan Rus is the deeper source of contradictions.
Let me first talk about the conclusion: The real historical root of the Ukrainian crisis was the Mongols, and more accurately, it was caused by the western expedition of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. Does this conclusion subvert your inherent cognition?
The place name Ukraine is not in Russian, but Mongolian "frontier". Because this is the farthest place that the Mongol Empire has fought to Europe.
From this "Picture of Asia and the Genghis Khan Empire and the Timur Empire around 1300", we can clearly see that the Ukrainian region where Kiev is located belongs to the western border of the Golden Horde, one of the four major khanates of the Mongol Empire.
Here, it turns out to be Kyiv Rus.
1300 Asia, the Genghis Khan Empire and Temur Empire
In the early Paleolithic era, traces of ancient human activities existed in the territory of Ukraine.
6,000 years ago, the academic community called them "Ancient Indo-Europeans". From this name, you can infer that this group of primitive nations living on the Ukrainian plain (or Eastern European plain ) in today's eastern Ukraine and southern Russia are the common ancestors of today's Europeans and Indians. So they are called "Ancient Indo-Europeans", and the original Indo-European language they used later developed into many European and Indian languages such as English, French, German, Italian and Sanskrit.
If you have systematically learned the etymology roots of English, there may be a good teacher who has told you about this very professional linguistics problem.
The one who found this problem was that the author of " Grimm's Fairy Tale " is Jacob Green, the brother of the Grimm brothers .
The author of "Grimm's Fairy Tale", Jacob Greene
Around 2000 BC, an Aryan from the ancient Indo-Europeans crossed the Ural Mountains from the Eastern European plains to the Afghan Plateau, and one branch went south to the Punjab Plain in the Indus River Basin. The other branch, heads in the opposite direction, westward into Iran .
Aryan (Iran) is Iran, in English, this is a word.
This is why India has an caste system , and why some Indians have very white skin, while some Indians have very dark skin because they are not the same race. The white skin and noble caste are Aryans.
This is why, Hitler would go to India to find the remains of Aryan ancestors, because according to Greene's law, he knew that Germanic and Aryans came from the same source.
So in fact, the Ukrainian plain is the source of civilization in Europe and India!
This group of people went out for dozens of centuries until the Slavs, who originated in the Vistula Valley in the territory of Poland, began to become the masters here. Of course, it is obvious that they are descendants of the ancient Indo-Europeans themselves. Their ancestors were the Skits, the Indo-European nomads living on the north shore of the Black Sea in ancient times, and the Sylmats , who conquered the Scythian tribe on the grasslands of Central Asia. The Salmats were also Indo-European, that is, white people.
Slav, in English, means slave. During the Roman Empire, they were called the three major barbarians in Europe, together with the Germans and Celtics. The Slavs were divided into , the Western Slavs , the Yugoslavs and the Eastern Slavs . The Russians and Ukrainians lived in the East, so they were the Eastern Slavs.
In 882 AD, the famous Nordic Viking Pirates came. Viking also known as Northmen (Northmen, meaning "Northmen"). In this year, the Noser Liurik was invited by the Slavs to the Eastern European plains to resolve the civil strife of the Slavs. He led his personal troops to ascend the throne of the princes in Novgorod and established the first Ross Kingdom, namely the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynasty of the dynas
The North once established the Principality of Normandy in France, which was where the Allied forces later landed.
The Slavs called them "Varyag", which is why the aircraft carrier made by Ukraine would be called " Varyag ". This aircraft carrier was called the "Riga" during the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in order to reflect its nationality, the Ukrainian changed its name to the "Varyag" . Varyag is just a sound change of Viking (Viking).
The real name of this Ross dynasty established by the Viking Pirates is "Ross Country". The name Kiev Ross is just called this for the sake of convenience of name, not its real name.
From "Russian " to "Russia", why is the word "Russia" more?
This has to talk about the Mongolian problem.
html At the beginning of the 113th century, the Mongol Empire invaded and established the Golden Horde (also known as the Chincha Khanate ) in Eastern Europe. The Ross people and the coalition forces of other ethnic groups confronted the Mongolian- Tatars on the banks of the Karka River. The coalition forces were defeated, and the Ross people surrendered to the Golden Horde.
is when attacking Crimea , the Mongolians could not conquer it for a long time and used super chemical weapon: plague carried by groundhog . After these plagues were spread to Europe, the horrifying "Black Death" formed, killing about 50 million people in Europe. It directly led to Europeans' suspicion of medieval theology, thus opening the door to Renaissance . It can be seen that the Mongolians have had a deep influence on world history. Traditional historiography often separates European history from Asian history, which makes us often unable to see the whole picture of history clearly. It is time to make up for this shortcoming.
is now, the real name of Russia is also Ross. It was translated as Rakshasa in the early years, but it has not changed. You can see from English: Russia, "Rus" (Rus) plus a suffix "ia" that represents the place name, it is called "Lucia" in Japanese. In fact, there is no "Russia" at all!
After the Mongols conquered the Ross, because Mongolians could not start with consonants and could not pronounce the first sound of R, so they added a vowel O, which became Oros, called Russia, which was added by the Mongols.
In 2018, Belarus proposed to change its name, which attracted great attention. Belarus said that their name is actually Belarus, not Belarus, and said that there is no "Russia" in their name. Many people think that this is the product of Belarus' intention to de-Russia. In fact, it has nothing to do with Russia. It is not a problem with Russia at all. It is a trouble left by the Mongols more than 700 years ago.
When it comes to Mongolia, I would like to say one more thing here: the Mongolian Empire and the Yuan Dynasty are not the same concept! The Mongol Empire was originally unified, but after the death of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan, the Mongolian nobles in the north of the desert selected the son of Tolei Alibuge to succeed the throne of the Mongol Khan. Kublai expressed his dissatisfaction and raised an army to attack.
Although he won, the other Mongolian Khanates were deeply dissatisfied with his actions of fighting in the nest and expressed dissatisfaction, so they became independent and did not obey Kublai Khan's command and jurisdiction.
As for the Golden Horde, the number of Mongolians is too small. They can't control such a large territory. What should I do? We also have to rely on the locals, who only care about taxes, so the rule of such a Golden Horde is very loose. Soon, this huge empire fell apart and split into several small khanates (Kazan Khanate, Astrakhan Khanate, Nogai Khanate, Sybani, Crimea Khanate ).
1283, the Grand Principal of Moscow, was established in , after the 1420s, accepted the title of the Golden Horde and obtained the power to conquer the entire Russian tribute, so it became the strongest principality in the Kiev Rus region.
1480 Moscow Grand Duke Ivan III defeated the Great Horde after the split from the Golden Horde, making Russia independent from the Great Horde.
At the same time, a rapidly rising neighbor of Ukraine is eyeing the land, the Duchy of Lithuania.
The Mongols stopped when they hit Belarus and Ukraine. Faced with the powerful Lithuanians and Poles, the Mongols who swept across the Eurasian continent felt powerless for the first time.
Large tracts of land in Lithuania were not occupied by the Mongols. As early as 1321, they conquered Kiev and exiled Stanislaw, the last member of the Liurik dynasty who ruled Kiev.
htmlIn the 113th century, Poland was repeatedly invaded by the Mongols. During the Battle of Rignitz (1241), Poland suffered extremely heavy losses. However, in the Battle of Krakow from 1287 to 1288, the Poles not only repelled the Mongols, but also joined forces with the Hungarians to deal with the Mongolians. It was this blockade that made the Mongols give up and continue to move westward. Poland therefore advanced eastward and occupied the land of the Ross, which was regarded by Russia as its greatest enemy. Poland and Russia were feudal, which was the root of a series of wars between the Soviet Union and Poland during the later World War I and the second World War II.
So, the Ross were divided into three parts: the Ross under the Mongolian rule (that is, later Russia), the Ross under the Lithuan rule (that is, later Belarus, which means purity), and the Ross under the Poles (that is, Ukraine, also known as Little Russia).
The biggest influence of the rule during this period was to make most Ukrainians believe in Catholicism.
In fact, to sum up, the Ukrainians and the Russians have the same roots and origins. It is precisely because of the invasion of the Mongols, Polish and Lithuanians that a Ukrainian people were created.
Russia and the West have serious religious ideology, which is reflected in the opposition between Orthodox and Western Catholicism.
In fact, before the Mongol invasion, in 980 AD, the Grand Duke of Kiev began to believe in Byzantine Orthodox religion. After driving away the Mongols, Russia also quickly rose to the core of Orthodox Church.
1453 In Ottoman Turkish Empire destroyed Byzantium, and Moscow became the only center of the Orthodox Church. In 1472, the Russian Grand Duke Ivan III married Sophia, the Byzantine princess, as the queen, and showed that she was the legal heir to Byzantine. Russia called itself the "Third Rome" and changed it to the Empire, while the Grand Duke reiterated it to the Tsar. The so-called Caesar, you can see more clearly in English, but it is actually Caesar! This is why the word "sand" appears.
This is the root of the opposition between Russia and the Western European world, long before the founding of the Soviet Union.
How Russia became the present Russia, Mongolia and Orthodox Church, are two dimensions of understanding it. After the Mongolian conquered Kiev Rus, the Slavs and the Mongols intermarried. Not only did the Russians' blood flow with the Mongol genes, but the Ukrainians, you can also clearly see the shadow of the Mongols in the brave and warlike Cossack cavalry.
11654, Ukrainian Cossack leader Khmelniksky signed the Peleyaslav Peace Treaty with the Russian Tsar, and consulted Tsarist Russia to rule Eastern Ukraine. Since then, Eastern Ukraine (the left bank of the Dnieper River) has officially merged with the Russian Empire, and began the history of alliance between Ukraine and Russia. It has also become the historical root of pro-Russia in the eastern Wu region.
Lithuania and Poland were already on a downward trend at that time. By 1795, except for Galicia (1772-1918 belonged to Austria ), the rest of Ukraine was under the rule of the Russian Empire.
1917, the October Revolution that influenced the world broke out. At the end of 1917, the Eastern Ukraine region established a socialist Soviet regime and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.After the Soviet-Polish War from 1918 to 1920, Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia and West Warren) was occupied by Poland again.
At that time, Stalin proposed to re-incorporate Ukraine and other countries from independent Russian Empire into the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Soviet Russia for short), because he believed that these countries originally belonged to Russia. But Lenin disagreed. Lenin believed that this was a manifestation of chauvinism in a great power, and that all republics should be allowed to form the alliance of Soviet Socialist Republics in an equal and voluntary manner.
Portrait of Vrajmir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union,
1922, the Soviet Union was established, and Eastern Ukraine joined the alliance and became one of the founding countries of the Soviet Union. Joined the Soviet Union, Russia, the Southern Caucasus Federation (later divided into Georgia , Armenia and Azerbaijan ), Ukraine and Belarus. The Union Treaty adopted by the General Assembly specifically stipulates that each franchised republic reserves the right to freely withdraw from the Union.
This laid the groundwork for the future collapse of the Soviet Union.
During the Stalin period, Ukraine, known as the "European Granary", actually experienced a great famine. It can only be said that man-made disasters must bear the main responsibility.
After Khrushchev came to power, he corrected the over-left policy of the Stalin period and the national economy was able to recover quickly. Moreover, because Khrushchev grew up in Ukraine, he had a lot of affection for Ukraine, so he gave Crimea, which originally belonged to Russia, to Ukraine with a big pen. Originally, under the Soviet family, this was only formal, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, its problems began to emerge.
Since Russia does not have a frozen port in the East, the Black Sea estuary has become the only frozen port in Russia in the country! So Crimea became a must-fight place in Russia.
1985, Gorbachev came to power. It should be said that his intention to reform was good, but the methods were too radical, which led to the various contradictions accumulated in the history and reality of the Soviet Union. The tendency of nationalism and separatism quickly rose, and the national political situation began to be drastically turbulent. At the same time, Ukraine began its pace of independence.
On April 26, 1986, a serious melting and radiation leak occurred in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine in the Soviet Union, causing serious consequences, and protests continued in Ukraine. Moreover, because of this nuclear leak, it has had a great impact on Belarus, which has affected today's bilateral relations.
Another issue that many people ignore. In the 1980s, the sharp drop in oil prices led to a sharp decline in Soviet foreign exchange. The missteps in monetary policy caused the ruble, which was originally more valuable than the US dollar, to depreciate significantly, and people's living standards dropped sharply. Even basic daily necessities such as toothpaste had to be bought on the black market.
Brezhnev During the Soviet Union, several large oil fields were discovered, making the Soviet Union the largest oil exporter in the world at that time. Now, the richer Saudi Arabia is, you can imagine how rich the Soviet Union was at that time.
This is why the conservative Brezhnev could have the rapid economic development of the Soviet Union at that time, and when Andropov took over in 1982, the oil dividend was in crisis. So much so that the reforms that Andropov began were in vain after just 7 years.
Ukrainians are not willing to endure the days when they have to go to the black market to buy toothpaste, so they chose to be independent.
Krafchuk became the first president of Ukraine. However, during the Krafchuk period, Ukrainian production continued to decline, inflation remained high, and people were living in difficulties. Three years later, Krafchuk lost in the general election and withdrew from politics.
Ukraine's first president Krafchuk
Since then, the domestic situation in Ukraine has not been peaceful. The pro-Western and pro-Russian factions fought each other, reaching their peak by 2022 and ultimately led to war between Russia and Ukraine.
Now it seems that the unpleasant experiences of the two countries during NATO and the Soviet Union were all caused by the recent causes, and the division caused by the Mongolian army more than 700 years ago and the subsequent Poland and Lithuania on Kiev Rus are the deeper root of contradictions.
That history is still entangled with Russia and Ukraine like an unavoidable shadow. They all have the fighting side of the Mongols back then, and there are also the religious and ideological differences left by that period, which have become the hidden hands behind today's disputes between the two countries.
Because the history of entanglement is too long, it may not be easy to resolve the past grudges. But the old hatred has not yet disappeared, and the bloody war has added new hatred. When will the revenge be repaid? We cannot simply count on time to eliminate hatred, but we also need the wisdom of politicians and the concessions of one side. The so-called step back will broaden the sky.
After all, a friendly neighbor and a peaceful environment can bring real benefits to the people of both countries. And history will eventually become history.
Originated from: Xinmin Weekly Author: Hexi
