Preface
Duan Junyi in his later years likes to write some memoirs. He once said to people around him:
"Whenever I think of Chairman Mao, and the decades he led us to do revolution and construction, his voice, appearance and smile frequently emerge in our hearts."
Duan Junyi followed Chairman Mao to do revolution
Duan Junyi was born in Pu County, Shandong Province in March 1910. In March 1936, he joined the Communist Party of China. In October of the same year, he went to Shanghai to serve as the executive chairman of the National Student Union and led the student movement.
In the winter of 1937, Duan Junyi went from Shanghai to Yan'an and was at the Central Party School. After about three months of study, in April 1938, the Central Committee decided that Guo Hongtao would be the Secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, leading more than 30 other cadres to prepare to work in Shandong behind enemy lines.
Photo | Duan Junyi’s photo when he was young
One day before departure, Guo Hongtao led Duan Junyi and others to Chairman Mao’s residence. Then, some sat on small benches, some sat on the ground, listening attentively to Chairman Mao’s instructions.
Chairman Mao said loudly: "When you are about to work behind enemy lines, I hope you will be like willows, wherever you can live; like pine trees, the cold weather is also green branches and leaves. When you go to work behind enemy lines, you must obey the leadership of the local party committee." As soon as you finished speaking, a burst of warm applause rang out from the audience. Duan Junyi quickly wrote down the Chairman's instructions in his notebook, then raised his head and stared at Chairman Mao on the stage seriously.
Chairman Mao continued: "Where you go there, you must mobilize the masses, rely on the masses, and continuously develop and strengthen the party's organizations. To develop armed forces, there must be militias, guerrillas, and basic armed forces, we must independently develop anti-Japanese armed forces and carry out guerrilla wars. Speaking of the anti-Japanese national united front issue, Chairman Mao said that the united front has unity and struggle.
Chairman Mao is very concerned about the development of the anti-Japanese war situation in Shandong. The Chairman's words will benefit Duan Junyi and others for life. At that time, although Duan Junyi had joined the party, he mainly worked in the city and had no practical experience in going to the rural areas behind enemy lines to engage in the anti-Japanese work led by the party. Chairman Mao’s words are a beacon.
Picture | Chairman Mao’s speech
Later, Duan Junyi recalled that this was Chairman Mao teaching me how to be a Communist Party member and how to do revolution.
After Duan Junyi arrived in Shandong, Guo Hongtao decided to let him and several comrades work in the Thaixi area. At the same time, he decided to form a special committee of the Party in the Thaixi area and designate Duan Junyi as the secretary of the special committee.
took office immediately. The first thing Duan Junyi did was to hold a special committee meeting to convey and study Chairman Mao’s important instructions in Yan’an and carry out his work in accordance with Chairman Mao’s instructions.
At that time, the party organization in the Thai area was relatively weak. Among the 17 brigades of the Self-Defense Corps, although most of the brigades had party members, they were relatively scattered, and only a few brigades established party branches. Among the six county towns in Taixi, only Dongping County has established a Party’s county working committee, with Comrade Wan Li serving as the secretary of the Working Committee. There is no Party organization in other counties yet. Under the situation of
, Duan Junyi immediately started to carry out the second thing, reorganizing the army, establishing the party, and establishing the politics. During the construction process, our county governments were established in the six counties in Taixi and appointed county magistrates. At the beginning, everyone could not do work, collect taxes, or raise grain. After the 115 Division came to Taixi, Luo Ronghuan gave Duan Junyi and the others a lot of instructions and support.
In Thailand, Duan Junyi also fought against the Kuomintang army in a tit-for-tat way according to Chairman Mao’s instructions on unity and struggle on the united front.
Thaixi Regional Commissioner Yu Renzhi was sent to Taixi as the first specialized commissioner. When he first arrived in Thailand, he did not bring many people, but instead used the Kuomintang’s “orthodox” brand to recruit soldiers and develop his armed forces.
Picture | Shen Honglie
In Duan Junyi's view, Yu Renzhi's basic attitude is to passively fight against Japan and actively fight against the Communist Party.To this end, Duan Junyi and others held a meeting to discuss how to deal with Yu Renzhi. At this point, he fought twice with him.
The first time was a struggle against him to adapt the Self-Defense Corps. After Yu Renzhi arrived in Taixi, he wanted to eat the anti-Japanese armed forces led by our party. He went to Ningyang first, trying to win over the Communist Party member Ma Jikong, but Ma Jikong did not buy his account. After hitting a nail, he ran to the Self-Defense Regiment and proposed to reorganize the Self-Defense Regiment as a security force, with him serving as the commander. During
, Duan Junyi killed the chicken and invited him to dinner. He replied to him after agreeing to the request of the adaptation of the Self-Defense Corps. As soon as Yu Renzhi left, Duan Junyi immediately convened an enlarged meeting of the Special Committee. According to Chairman Mao’s thoughts on adhering to independent anti-Japanese guerrilla war and the united front, after discussion, it was believed that Yu Renzhi was nominally adapted, but actually wanted to annex the Self-Defense Corps, which was a bad intention.
But Yu Renzhi is a specialist sent by the Kuomintang provincial government. If Duan Junyi rejects his request to adapt the Self-Defense Corps, it will inevitably be sharply opposed to him. Therefore, the meeting decided to reply to his adaptation, but there are conditions.
First, the Self-Defense Regiment is willing to actively fight against the Japanese army and traitors, but without the consent of the Self-Defense Regiment, the establishment of the Self-Defense Regiment cannot change at all;
Second, the Anti-Japanese Democratic County Magistrates of 3 counties are appointed by the Special Office;
Third, the Firearms, Ammunition, Clothing and Payroll are issued to the Self-Defense Regiment by the Special Office.
Yu Renzhi verbally agreed to these three conditions, but in fact, he never gave the Self-Defense Corps a single shot, bullet and article from beginning to end.
Photo | The soldiers of the Shandong Self-Defense Regiment
The second time was to resolutely fight back against him openly attacking the Self-Defense Regiment. In October 1938, when Yu Renzhi was armed with more than 600 people, he concentrated his troops to try to eat the Fourth Battalion of Dafengshan of the Self-Defense Regiment. At that time, Duan Junyi led his troops to march towards the Feicheng area. Suddenly, he received a report from the captain of the Fourth Brigade Cao Hongsheng, and immediately stopped moving forward and held a meeting on the spot. After discussion, everyone unanimously decided to fight back. Duan Junyi concentrated the main force of the Self-Defense Regiment and drove to Dafengshan overnight. Then, the fourth brigade personnel led the way and divided the troops into three routes to fight against Yu Renzhi to rescue the fourth brigade.
After a day of battle, Yu Renzhi found that there was no possibility of defeating the Self-Defense Corps, and organized a breakthrough after dark. When he led his troops to retreat, he unexpectedly encountered a "sweeping" by the Japanese and puppet troops, which was mistakenly considered to be the troops of the self-defense regiment. As a result, his troops were defeated by the Japanese and puppet troops and he was shot dead.
Looking back, at that time, Duan Junyi and his team had extremely difficult communication with their superiors. Without a radio station, they could not ask for instructions from their superiors. Without Chairman Mao’s instructions on unitedness and struggle on the united front, it would be impossible to take correct action.
This victory has greatly increased the reputation of the Self-Defense Corps and has further inspired the masses' enthusiasm for the fight against Japan. When Duan Junyi recalled this past, he said with great emotion:
"It has been decades since Chairman Mao gave us instructions in Yan'an until now, but Chairman Mao's teachings at that time are still fresh in my mind."
Duan Junyi personally felt Chairman Mao's concern for machinery industry
Shortly after the founding of New China, Duan Junyi was appointed deputy director of First Ministry of Machinery Industry and deputy secretary of the Party Group, in charge of basic construction and cadre work.
Picture | Duan Junyi
Chairman Mao instructed the First Ministry of Machinery Industry to issue a "Notice of Safeguarding the People". Simply put, the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, which was first established, faced the national mechanical front cadres, technicians and workers, and told everyone in terms of strategy and method: What should we do and how to do it.
In early 1953, Duan Junyi and others were studying and drafting the "Instructions on the Current Situation of the State-owned Machinery Industry and Future Work Deployment", Chairman Mao further stated: should strengthen ideological and political work as an important part of the document.
After careful modification, Duan Junyi and others reported to Chairman Mao and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.It mentioned: "Ideological and political work in enterprises should be carried out closely around the central tasks of production and basic construction of enterprises, so as to combine political and economic work."
Chairman Mao said after hearing this, he said: "This paragraph is well written, this paragraph is very important, and any industrial department must have this paragraph."
Picture | After Duan Junyi talked to workshop cadres and workers, Chairman Mao personally presided over the formulation of the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Current Situation of the State-owned Machinery Industry and Future Work Deployment", saying: "The Ministry of the First Machinery Industry emphasized the need to point out the necessity and methods of strengthening ideological and political work in enterprises, and the central government believes that it is timely and correct." After the issuance of the document
, the vast number of employees in the machinery industry set off a climax of learning and implementation. At that time, people had a common wish: to complete and exceed the national tasks.
In June 1956, the First Ministry of Machinery held its first report exhibition at Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, mainly to report on the achievements of the machinery industry and future prospects in the first five-year plan. This exhibition is divided into several parts, including comprehensive, general machinery, , machine tools, heavy machinery, motors, cars, tractors and instruments.
Photo | Photos of Chairman Mao during his inspection of FAW
Chairman Mao looked as he walked, Duan Junyi said to Chairman Mao: "The 1953 'Announcement' approved by the Chairman has greatly promoted the machinery industry." After hearing this, Chairman Mao encouraged, "You often study policies, which is very good."
Chairman Mao read it seven or eight times in total, and looked very carefully and asked very thoroughly. For example, an IA62 lathe, after the bedside box was opened, Chairman Mao said:
"Look, there are gears between the two shafts biting together, and the biting gears are in the opposite direction. If it is the same direction, it cannot be turned. This is the opposite unity of , which complements each other, and no one can do without the other."
When you see hydraulic press , electrical appliances, etc., Chairman Mao said: "There are also connections here, and there are dialectical issues."
When he saw the introduction of the newly trial-made double-wheeled double-share plows and other farm tools, Chairman Mao said happily: "Yes, it has reduced the labor intensity of farmers. It should be promoted and improved in the future."
At this time, Duan Junyi reported that pot camel machine is popular among farmers, but water rust is difficult to deal with. Chairman Mao heard this and said, "You know this problem, why don't you write it out?"
Duan Junyi replied, "Yes, it should be written out."
Judging from this small matter, Chairman Mao is very pragmatic, which also left a deep impression on Duan Junyi.
Photo | Photo of Chairman Mao inspecting FAW
On September 5, 1959, Chairman Mao said in his speech at the Supreme State Conference:
"There is a working mother machine in the machinery, which is a mine, refining, and electricity. These machines must have a working mother machine, which is nothing more than turning, milling, grinding, planing, drilling, etc. These things are fundamental."
I feel that Chairman Mao is so concerned about the "work mother machine". The First Ministry of Machinery Industry held a working mother machine exhibition in Zhongnanhai in the spring of 1960. On that day, Duan Junyi, Zhao Erlu and others welcomed Chairman Mao at Yingtai .
After this meeting, Chairman Mao said, "Junyi, you are so tall, are you a minority?"
Duan Junyi replied, "It's not a minority, I'm from Shandong!"
Chairman Mao said, "Ah! Shandong's big man."
Picture | After Duan Junyi, who is working at home, said hello, Chairman Mao began to visit and understand for a long time. When he saw the program control of lathe , Chairman Mao asked the staff: "What is the program control?" The staff of
replied: "It is a series of electrical appliances to control the action, which contains time relay ." Chairman Mao nodded and further asked the function of the relay.
Chairman Mao was very interested in looking and talking. He said: "The productivity revolution is ultimately about solving the problem of food, clothing, housing and transportation." Chairman Mao also talked to the accompanying staff for a while and asked Duan Junyi: "Are you busy now?" Do you think it is better to be busy or not? "
Duan Junyi said that being busy is related to the work methods.
Chairman Mao said humorously: "I see that you all have red faces and are very healthy. It seems that it is better to be busy. "
Photo | Duan Junyi
Chairman Mao's words made the comrades present feel kind and warm. The restraint he had when he first met Chairman Mao disappeared suddenly.
Duan Junyi recalled the scenes when Chairman Mao visited the mechanical industry exhibition several times, and said:
"Chairman Mao was so focused and seeking truth from the bottom of the matter. He must find out the truth before he could turn to the next question. He discussed with his comrades on an equal footing, and he also gave dialectical explanations and highly summarized some issues from time to time, which deeply inspired people. "
Duan Junyi witnessed the growing maturity of domestic cars under the care of Chairman Mao
In early 1950, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou visited the Soviet Union and agreed with the Soviet side to build a medium-sized truck factory with an annual output of 30,000 vehicles in my country. After returning to China, Chairman Mao said: "Between Shenyang and Harbin, build it in Changchun. "
Photo | Duan Junyi (first from right) took a photo with Premier Zhou and others
In the autumn of 1952, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting to discuss the leadership team of the First Automobile Factory Manufacturing Factory. When Rao Bin was the director, Chairman Mao asked: "Is it the white-faced scholar, right? Does he have the courage to do this job? "Duan Junyi, present, replied: "We have discussed it and can be competent. "In this way, Rao Bin served as the director of , the first automobile manufacturer in .
In the second half of 1953, the Soviet Moscow Stalin Automobile Factory, which assisted in the construction of FAW , raised the issue of naming new cars. Meng Shaonong, then deputy factory director and deputy chief engineer of FAW, told the country. At that time, the First Machinery Department held many meetings to discuss and held a solicitation activity. Shortly after
, Duan Junyi would Several names discussed and collected were reported to Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao named the new car "Liberation".
Later, before the factory shipped the car, nearly 200 car logo patterns were drawn and designed. After review by Chairman Mao and other central leaders, the pattern with the word "Liberation" in the circle and the two wings stretched out on both sides was selected. Chairman Mao also wrote the word "Liberation" specifically for this.
picture | Jiefang license plate license
956, Chairman Mao said in his talk about "On the Ten Major Relationships": "Our automobile industry first builds trucks, not cars, so we have to take foreign cars to meet every day. When we have a meeting, we can just get on the small cars we produce ourselves. "The employees of the First Automobile Manufacturing Factory lived up to Chairman Mao's high expectations. In 1958, the first car in our country, the "Dongfeng" brand sedan, was trial-produced in 1958, and sent it to Zhongnanhai. Chairman Mao took the car with great enthusiasm. The employees of
continued to work hard, improved on this basis, and produced the "Red Flag" sedan.
In 1956, when visiting the mechanical industry report exhibition, Chairman Mao said: "Our province is the best in Europe and one country. In the future, we will have a second and third automobile factories to produce more cars, and our automobiles will also be exported in the future. ”
964, Chairman Mao personally approved the fourth five-year plan for the development of the national economy, and listed the Second Automobile Factory as a key construction project. In 1969, the construction of the second automobile factory of started and started to be launched in 1975. Under the care of Chairman Mao, the leaders and employees of Duan Junyi and others, the machinery industry in New China has developed greatly, and gradually formed a machinery manufacturing industry system with a certain scale and level and a relatively complete range of categories.
On September 9, 1976, Chairman Mao passed away. Later, in order to commemorate Chairman Mao, Duan Junyi wrote many articles such as "Chairman Mao Teach Me to the Revolution" and "Chairman Mao Care about the Machinery Industry" to express his longing and respect for Chairman Mao.
