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BC/天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天� yuán qián) In 156, Emperor Wen of Han died and the prince Liu Qi (liú qǐ) ascended the throne, and was known in history as (shǐ chēng*) Emperor Jing of Han (hàn jǐng dì).
During the reign of Emperor Wen, Chao Cuo 's ability to govern the world was highly praised by everyone. He was the teacher of the crown prince Liu Qi and respected by people as a "think tank". After Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he was appointed as the inner historian and often discussed national politics with him. Chao Cuo was very familiar with the Xiongnu society and their combat strategies and put forward many military suggestions. He summarized many policies that benefited the country and the people from the reasons for the demise of the Qin State; he also vigorously advocated the development of agriculture and improve the productivity of the social.
Emperor Jing often stayed alone with Chao Cuo to discuss matters, and many of Chao Cuo's suggestions were adopted by Emperor Jing (cǎi nà). Although Chao Cuo at that time was just an internal historian, he was even more favored by the emperor than the Jiuqing (jiǔ qīng). Many laws of the Han Dynasty (hàn cháo*) were implemented by him. Seeing Chao Cuo so favored, the Prime Minister (chéng xiàng*) Shentu Jia (shēn tú jiā) was not happy (bù lè yì*), but he could not think of any way to get Chao Cuo to leave the emperor, so he had to quietly wait for the opportunity (děng dài shí jī*). Soon, Shentu Jia (shēn tú jiā) received news that the inner historian Chao Cuo was preparing to open a door on the wall south of the government office, which was amazing (bù dé liǎo*). It turned out that Chao Cuo's official residence was located right in front of the Taishang Temple. The main entrance opened eastward, and it was very troublesome to enter and exit. It had to go around the house half way to walk to the street. So Chao Cuo planned to open another door on the south side, so it would be much more convenient to enter and exit. However, to open this door, the wall outside the Taishang Temple must be opened. Shen Tujia felt that this was a rare good opportunity. He was ready to file a complaint with the emperor to convict Chao Cuo. After Chao Cuo found out, he hurried to the emperor and said that the reason for the incident was . When the emperor heard this, he thought that Chao Cuo was not wrong, but just opened up the walls of the outer walls and did not damage the temple walls of the Taishang Temple. Shentu Jia thought (mǎn yǐ wéi*) could cure Chao Cuo to death this time, but he didn't expect the emperor to help him. Shen Tu Jia was angry and embarrassed. Shortly after he got home, he fell ill and became depressed. He died of illness shortly after he got home.
BC (gōng yuán qián) In 155, Emperor Jing appointed Tao Qing as prime minister and Chao Cuo as censor. The first thing Chao Cuo did after taking office was to propose to Emperor Jing to reduce the power of the princes.
When Emperor Wen was reigned (zài wèi), Chao Cuo repeatedly proposed to him to reduce the vassal states.Emperor Wen valued Chao Cuo's talent very much, but he did not adopt his suggestions on the issue of the princes of (zhū hóu wáng*). However, Emperor Jing, who was still the crown prince at that time, agreed with Chao Cuo's view, and the ministers (dà chén*) had the same views as Emperor Wen (chí xiāng tóng yì jiàn*). In addition to Chao Cuo, Jia Yi, also proposed the idea of reducing the vassal states, but he advocated that the sons of each vassal king were made kings, and that the land of the princes was given to them from their respective vassal states. In this case, the number of princes was greater, but the area of land owned by each person was reduced, and the power of the princes was naturally not strong. Although Emperor Wen of Han adopted Jia Yi's suggestion, the princes and kings complained, and many ministers also disagreed with this practice. The contradiction between the princes and the emperor was not eliminated.
Chao Cuo explained in detail the importance of to Emperor Jing (zhòng yào xìng*). The Emperor of Han Gaozu made a great oath, and only granted the nobles of the same surname to be granted the title of princes, which greatly expanded the power of the princes and kings of the same surname. The territory of the three vassal states of Qi, Chu and Wu occupied half of the Han Dynasty. If they rebel, the consequences would be unimaginable. Some princes and kings who committed crimes should punish them by cutting off their territory, and try to reduce their fiefs as much as possible. Those places that were cut off were taken over by the court. King Wu Liu Bin (liú bì) was the biggest threat among the princes. During the reign of Emperor Wen, Liu Bin's son accidentally confronted the prince and was killed by the prince with a chessboard. Since then, Liu Bi has been resentful and simply said he was sick (chēng bìng*) and did not come to Chang'an to pay his respects (cháo jiàn*). This is a death sentence, but Emperor Wen regretted his loss of his son, but he just sentenced him to blame him for his stick, without blaming him. However, Liu Bi was not grateful for it. He relied on the existence of copper mines in his fiefdom, and he was facing the sea east, and he actually publicly dug copper and cast coins, burned sea water and sold salt. He also recruited people from all over the world. His intention to rebel was known to everyone.
Chao Cuo Further analysis, Liu Bi will rebel sooner or later, and cut off part of his fiefdom earlier, which is far better than not cutting or cutting later. When his strength was weakened (xuē ruò*), even if he had to rebel, the impact on the Han Dynasty would not be too great. had to say that Chao Cuo's premonition was not wrong, and the inference was also correct. However, this time, the ministers still disapproved of the reduction of the vassal states. They believe that the method of Chao Cuo's reduction of the vassal states is more impatient than Jia Yi, and may cause bad negative impacts on (fù miàn yǐng xiǎng).
Emperor Jing ordered all civil and military officials and nobles to discuss the reduction of the vassal states together. Everyone knows that Emperor Jing must agree with Chao Cuo's opinion, so no one objected, except Dou Ying (dòu yīng).Dou Ying and Chao Cuo argued in the court for a long time, and the two formed hatred for this. After the discussion, Emperor Jing issued an edict (zhào lìng*), cutting off Changshan County of King Zhao, six counties of King Jiaoxi, and two counties of King Chu and King Wu. Chao Cuo also made some adjustments to the thirty articles of Han law, which attracted more fierce opposition from the princes and kings.
After Chao Cuo's father heard these things, he came from his hometown to Chang'an from his hometown, hoping that Chao Cuo could stop reducing the vassal states. Chao Cuo comforted his father, saying that he was devoted to the country and had long put life and death aside. His father said sadly: "Do you bear to let the Chao family have a disaster because of you?" Chao Cuo was also very distressed. For the sake of the safety of the country, he resolutely chose to persevere. Seeing that the father could not convince Chao Cuo, he had to return home with regrets and worries, and soon (méi duō jiǔ*) committed suicide. After hearing the news, Chao Cuo cried bitterly (tòng kū liú tì).
King Liu Bi of Wu saw that Emperor Jing had cut off the fiefs of several princes and knew that his fiefs would soon be threatened. He simply contacted other princes and declared war on the court in the name of killing Chao Cuo. In fact, Liu Bi was thinking of seizing power (duó quán) and usurping the throne (cuàn wèi), and killing Chao Cuo was just an excuse.
There are seven vassal states (zhū hóu guó*) that participated in the rebellion (pàn luàn), and are known in history as " Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms (qī guó zhī luàn)". Emperor Jing of Han was frightened by the momentum of the seven-nation army and hurriedly discussed countermeasures with his ministers. Dou Ying took the opportunity to join forces with Yuan Ang to murder Chao Cuo, pointing all the spearheads at Chao Cuo. Yuan Ang (yuán àng) also had a feast with Chao Cuo, and the two of them were incompatible with each other. Yuan Ang informed Emperor Jing, saying that Chao Cuo's reduction of the vassal state was not for the sake of the country, but for personal grudges (ēn yuàn), and swears to ensure that King Liu Bi of Wu had no intention of rebelling at all. Now Emperor Jing of Han’s impression of Chao Cuo changed a lot. He thought about it over and over again. Since the princes believed that Chao Cuo had harmed their interests, he simply killed Chao Cuo to calm the anger of the princes. Emperor Jing of Han then appointed Yuan Ang as the chief of the founding of the resignation of the army and ordered him to serve as an envoy, and persuaded the King of Wu to withdraw his troops. Several important officials in the court handed over a memorial to condemn Chao Cuo at the right time, and asked the emperor to sentence him to be beheaded in half. Emperor Jing of Han followed the minister's wishes and ordered the arrest of Chao Cuo. The lieutenant (zhōng wèi*) came to Chao Cuo's house and lied that Emperor Jing announced that he had entered the palace. When the carriage reached the east city of Chang'an, the lieutenant (zhōng wèi*) read the emperor's edict to Chao Cuo. This hero who was determined to serve the country ended up being beaten in half, and all his tribe members were killed.
[Statistics of the distribution of words in primary school textbooks]
★ Volume 01 (7): Just / or / teacher / but / method / participate / hope /
★ Volume 02 (20): Come to / beside / see / home / people / heart / street / out / everyone / front / like this / for / only / last / just / all / original / message / know /
★ Volume 03 (13): Also, you have to / see / bring / maximum / sea water / point / get / front / more / leave / actually /Talent/Threat/
★Volume 04 (15): Follow / Just / However / Way / Even / Get / Question / Others / Meaning / Understand / Abnormal / Frequent / Trouble / Convenient /
★Volume 05 (28): Caught / Long ago / This time / Thinking / How long / Carriage / Located / Propose / Total / Father / Each / Military / So / Since / Although / May / Suffer / Thinking / Or / Same / Country / Agree / Details / Fierce / Affirm / Pain / Development /
★Volume 06 (12): Government / Receive / Thought / At the time / Opportunity / Interest / Legacy / The government / Agree / Details / Fierce / Affirm / Pain / Development /
★Volume 06 (12): Government / Receive / Thought / At the time / Opportunities / Interest / Legacy / Legacy Regret/reduce/wait/occupation/all/stop/
★Volume 07 (18): Death from illness/multiple times/Qin State/kill/make/premonition/unbearable/excuses/loss/time/choice/explain/in and out/supposition/reason/perhaps/punishment/strong/only/
★Volume 08 (11): Family/tribe/increase/incoming/out/fight/one/impression/moment/hum/disaster/
★Volume 09 (12): King Zhao/death crime/only/cry/bearing/summary/condemnation/weakness/contradictory/compromise/contradictory/weakness/contradictory/compromise/
★ Volume 0 (11): National Army/Rely on/Finished with your own eyes/Good/Prime Minister/Appointment/embarrassment/Presolution/BCE/
★Volume 11 (13): I have also been/Qianli/Mainmen/Ascend the throne/Opening/Mining/Try as much as possible/Time/Shrinking/Opinions/Important/Hate/Adjustment/Opinions/Important/Hate/Adjustment/Hate/All-in-Law/Agriculture/Single/Discussion/In this way/
☆Total of primary school stage: 168
☆Total of this article: 147
Pinyin with * means polyphonic characters.
Reference: Lu Peihao's "Dictionary of Chinese Non-Original Meaning" 1999 China International Broadcasting Press
Particle and pinyin are added using Python technology. If there are any mistakes, please leave a message to correct it.
Text source:
http://book.sbkk8.com/gudai/shishu/zhonghuashangxiawuqiannian/
