Ziyu said:
The brightest side of Mao Zedong's heart is not his personality. In fact, if he was not a leader, his personality was not very popular. His most glorious thing was his desire for victory.
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On January 14, 1921, under the leadership of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, the Red Fourth Army set off from Jinggangshan , and took advantage of the Kuomintang's "consolidation" troops that had not completed the encirclement, and urgently marched towards Gannan . When the troops set off, they made great efforts to attract the Kuomintang's army. They also kept posting notices along the way to publicize the various policies formulated by our party.
This is Mao Zedong's cleverness. He deeply understands that what propaganda work requires is to repeat itself and continue to deepen. Don't expect one publicity to be deeply rooted in people's hearts. This is unrealistic. The notice posted on
jointly signed the names of the Red Fourth Army commander Zhu De and the Party representative Mao Zedong. With the gradual promotion of propaganda work, the "Zhu Mao Red Army" has since become famous.
Now when we look back on this history, many people will have a lot of doubts. Mao Zedong later said in his report to the central government: "It is the most difficult time for our army." When the situation is the most critical, both "Zhu and Mao" were surrounded by the enemy. At this time, Mao Zedong still could not command the military power absolutely, and the baton of power is often passed back and forth between him and Zhu De.
Anyone with some military knowledge should know that in the supreme military command, there can only be one military commander, and only one person has the final say. Military wars are ever-changing, and he needs the supreme commander to make a quick decision. The victory of a great battle is by no means discussed.
Fortunately, Zhu De has a noble character and will never be greedy for power at critical moments. He always believes in Mao Zedong in critical moments. Mao Zedong, a military genius, did not let down the other party's trust and showed his military talent to the fullest in later military command.
Mao Zedong's cleverness lies in concentrating his troops and exercising his strength in one place.
The retreat of the "Zhu Mao Red Army" made the Kuomintang think that the Red Army was defeated, and naturally the troops were divided into several groups to surround and block them, and they vowed to kill the Red Fourth Army in the cradle.
The enemy's move was exactly what Mao Zedong expected. What he was waiting for was the enemy's division of troops to encircle and suppress them. The place where the two sides fought fiercely was chosen in Dabaidi. Located north of Ruijin , there is a Grand Canyon that is more than ten miles long. It has high mountains and dense forests, which are especially suitable for ambushing.
The Red Army was still in the cradle at this time, and the new army urgently needed a great victory to boost the morale of the army. However, the strength of the two sides was very different, the Red Army lacked ammunition, and the long-distance march, the entire army was trapped in people and horses. Conventional operations could be said to have no chance of winning, but with the large number of people and condescending people and the bravery and fearlessness of the Red Army soldiers, they finally won this dangerous battle.
In this battle, Zhu De rushed in front of the position. Even Mao Zedong, who had almost no guns on weekdays, charged forward and read the history of the party. We can know that this is also the only time Mao Zedong directly participated in a battle in his life.
You can imagine how fierce the battle has reached. We really cannot imagine how great the loss would be to the Chinese revolutionary revolution if any of the two "Zhu Mao" happened in this battle. This is unimaginable. It is said that Zhu De was directly hit in the hat in this battle. What a lucky thing! Although the battle was dangerous, the final result was satisfactory. This victory was the first big victory that the main Red Army had won after it came down from Jinggangshan. With this victory, the morale of the army was boosted, and the Red Army also changed from being passive at the beginning to taking the initiative.
At this time, the god of luck favored the "Zhu Mao Red Army", with big victories and small victories. The military strength of the Red Fourth Army began to gradually increase. Mao Zedong was still thinking about urging his troops to rescue Jinggangshan. However, bad news soon came that Jinggangshan had been lost, and Peng Dehuai had led his troops to break out and went down the mountain.
The Red Army at this time is still in the early childhood stage. Compared with the Kuomintang’s hundreds of thousands of troops, its strength is still too small. After all, no needles have both advantages, and sugarcane is hard to have both sweetness. There is gain and loss. This is the norm in life. After "clearing" the left-behind troops in Jinggangshan, the enemy began to surround the "Zhu Mao Red Army", and they vowed to kill this revolutionary "fire" in the initial stage.
At this time, Mao Zedong neither chose to hold his position nor disperse his limited troops. Instead, he led the entire large army and the enemy to "circle". He was turning around, constantly detouring, waiting for opportunities. It was obvious that at this time the idea of guerrilla tactics had been deeply integrated into Mao Zedong's thought on using troops.
This is right, God's favor comes. Just when the Kuomintang army was fully encircling the Red Army and entered the most critical moment, Chiang Kai-shek issued a retreat order. This was not because he was kind-hearted and wanted to let go of this revolutionary "fire", but at this time he wanted to carry out a relationship with the Guangxi warlords who controlled the two lakes, and retreated to prepare for war.
This gave the Red Army a great chance to breathe. Mao Zedong finally waited for the opportunity. In his opinion, this was a god-given opportunity. The enemy who guarded , Fujian and western , was originally a bandit and hooligan, and his combat effectiveness was far less than that of the regular army.
The Red Army, which was still in the early childhood stage, was defeated by the regular Kuomintang army and fled in a panic. However, these bandits were still easy to capture and effortless. Soon, the Zhumao Red Army entered Changting County, western Fujian, and after a battle, they successfully annihilated more than 2,000 enemy troops. The victory of the battle in Changting boosted the morale of the army.
With the continuous arrival of victory, the strength of the Red Army has greatly improved compared with the Jinggangshan period. This born infant army has developed towards an increasingly formal army. At this time, the policy in Shanwowo has already shown great limitations, and it is time to formulate urban policies.
This is Mao Zedong's cleverness. He never follows the rules and sticks to the rules. He always summarizes and thinks in the process of continuous development, and solves any problems when encountering them in a timely manner. Of course, the rules at this time have been decided, and he still points the finger at a few people.
better news came one after another. The battle between Chiang Kai-shek and the Guangxi warlords did not end soon, but was hard to part with. The fierce battle between the two sides brought huge development opportunities to the new Red Army. The window of space and time suddenly opened. Mao Zedong saw this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and decided to let go and make a world in southern Jiangxi.
Mao Zedong's decision can be said to be of profound significance and a strategic decision that is extremely important for the development of our party's army. Now it is not an exaggeration to emphasize his wisdom. The southern part of Jiangxi and western Fujian is vast and far away from the city. There are many mountains and dense forests, roads are dangerous and inconvenient, and people's lives are generally difficult. This is a place that the national army completely despises, but for the Red Army, the disadvantages here are almost all advantages, which can be said to be full of benefits.
Mao Zedong changed his idea of entering a big city. He first sprouted a bud on Jinggang Mountain, but the enemy did not give him a way out. He had no choice but to encircle and suppress it. With no way out, he suddenly realized and broke out a new world. The Red Army, who was in the seedling stage, finally found fertile soil. The undulating mountains here, and the trees covering the sky and the sun became the best natural barrier for the Red Army to resist the enemy. In response to the old Chinese saying, "Tree moves to die and people moves to live." Mao Zedong's great decision made the Red Army, who was still in the seedling stage, begin to grow gradually, and later grew into towering trees.
From then on, the wave of victory began to rush towards this revolutionary team! The successive victories of
made people who were questioning Mao Zedong's ability at the beginning admire him. Mao Zedong also took advantage of his high prestige and put forward stricter requirements for this army. Each Red Army soldier was given two sets of military uniforms, five yuan for military pay. When the people's hearts looked, Mao Zedong reorganized the troops and established a political department and a party representative, which was indispensable for a regular army.
Party command gun is a rule. If you want to implement this rule well, you need to organize and system. Of course, these organizations and systems are still very imperfect, and they still need to be continuously improved and popularized in future development.
After doing these, the regime will naturally be established.
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However, there is not only light, but also darkness on the road to revolution. Just as the Zhu and Mao Red Army gradually got on the right track and became stronger, the central government sent a "February Letter".
Zhu Mao and others achieved achievements, but did not receive praise or praise from the central government. Instead, they believed that Zhu Mao was a small fight and was destined to be unable to become a big climate. Just as the Red Fourth Army was gradually growing, the central government actually ordered the team to be dispersed, and the two left the army and returned to Shanghai to work.
Today’s readers really don’t understand what Zhu and Mao, who are good at military affairs, can do after returning to Shanghai? In fact, as early as after the " 87 Conference ", Mao Zedong clearly stated his attitude. He would rather go to the countryside to organize riots than study theories in the city's pavilions, which is not in line with Mao Zedong's character.
Now Mao Zedong has found the key to the success of the revolution, but his colleagues at that time did not realize this. Mao Zedong's character shows that he could not return to Shanghai. Although this may be the kindness of his friends, he eventually rejected the central government's proposal. He wrote a letter to the central government that he should take advantage of the great opportunity of the war between Jiangxi and Guizhou, and strive to develop the three major lands of Jiangxi, western Fujian, and western Zhejiang.
This is the process of Mao Zedong's independence and maturity, and it is also the process of Mao Zedong showing his talents to the world.
There was no encirclement and interception by the Kuomintang army. Mao Zedong and Zhu De implemented close division of troops. The two mobilized the masses to attack the local tyrants and divide the land, develop local armed forces, and establish the red regime of , and worked hard.
During the Xingguo County city, Mao Zedong also did a major task, which was to formulate the " Land Law ", changing the "confiscation of all land" policy originally formulated by the central government to "confiscate all public land and land of the landlord class". This move greatly united many people and reduced the resistance on the road to revolution. With the slow implementation of this policy, the strength of the Red Army began to continue to increase, moving from weak to strong.
However, such a good life of safe development was shattered with the end of the Jiang Gui war. Chiang Kai-shek won the war, and the Kuomintang army, whose strength had greatly increased, returned to southern Jiangxi again.
Fortunately, after God closed a door for the Red Army, he opened another window. Although southern Jiangxi was broken by Chiang’s army, there was a loophole in western Fujian. Mao Zedong avoided the real and went to southern Fujian again. The Red Army adopted a quick battle and quick decision. First, he accidentally attacked an enemy battalion. When the main force returned to the aid, the Red Army turned around and ran away and continued to march towards the enemy with few people.
Mao Zedong's strategy seems to be wonderful today, but the military leadership at that time did not see it this way because it was too overworked when it was constantly shifting and rushing. In their opinion, fighting like this is really cowardly.
According to the ideas of some generals in the army at that time, China's revolution should be the same as the Soviet Union's October Revolution . It should be a chain reaction, and it should be the masses' response. Wars must be smooth sailing, and one-piece action is the real ability.
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victory continues and hardships remain. Perhaps this is the best portrayal of Mao Zedong's military use during this period.
As expected, other senior leaders in the army soon questioned Mao Zedong's style of play.
At the same time, Mao Zedong's arbitrary style was also criticized by everyone, and everyone condemned and rejected him. Mao Zedong also showed the strong side of his character, and once threatened those who opposed him by resigning. Although everyone finally surrendered in the real situation, they were not convinced from him from the bottom of their hearts.
The forbearance of the people is only temporary. They do not think that Mao Zedong's style of play can achieve anything, let alone achieve revolutionary victory.
Mao Zedong's style of playing is really too strange, and ordinary soldiers really can't understand it. At the same time, Mao Zedong's character is born with a stubbornness, which can easily bring people a sense of tension, especially compared to the gentleness of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others, this sense of oppression seems to be even stronger. Before gaining absolute lofty prestige, it is difficult for others to gain favorable impressions for Mao at this time.
So, once there can be someone in the outside world who can replace Mao, many people are eager to try and want to pull him off.
From this point of view, geniuses are often lonely, and their words and deeds are difficult to understand by mediocre people. Mao Zedong's situation seems to better illustrate this point.
But not everyone didn't like Mao. Lin Biao, the commander of the First Column, was a die-hard fan of Mao Zedong at that time, and Mao Zedong also promoted Lin Biao in an extraordinary way. Of course, Lin Biao's outstanding military talent made this promotion unreproachable, so the young hero who came up the mountain later became a firm supporter of Mao Zedong.
In the years that followed, Mao Zedong also gave Lin Biao absolute trust and support, so that Mao later gave him the opportunity to show his talent that others envied. Liberating the three northeastern provinces , the battle that laid the foundation for the pattern of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party’s civil war, enabled Lin Biao to become a famous general who has been famous in history. Needless to say, Lin’s status after Jianguo is incomparable to anyone.
Chen Yi and Zhu De seemed to be swaying between the "inspector" sent by the central government and Mao Zedong, asking them to write an article to clarify their views. It is not difficult for Mao Zedong to write articles. He has a brilliant writing style and is a master of writing articles. What's more, the point he wants to explain this time is that he has experimented many times, and the facts have proved to work. Mao Zedong wrote a lot of fourteen issues in terms of history and environment. Fortunately, his efforts were not disappointed, and he became Gutian Conference Resolution after half a year. Who is the correct one of
? How can we find a way to make the revolution successful? How to command the army, and whose words are correct? Mao Zedong recalled the wars he had fought after walking down Jinggang Mountain, and the lessons he had suffered were based on the foundation and argued with reasonable ground.
may be that the lessons learned were not severe enough. Both unexpectedly and unexpectedly, Mao Zedong's suggestions were decisively denied. Chen Yi called for "everyone to argue". At this time, the group of people who went up the mountain in the army occupied the top. They were large and powerful, and they actually gave Mao Zedong a "serious party warning" punishment, who led them to win the battle. What's even more unfortunate is that Mao Zedong's position as secretary of the front committee was also replaced by Chen Yi.
This is the initial strange phenomenon of Mao Zedong's promotion of democracy in the army. It is undeniable that the pursuit of equality can enhance the combat effectiveness and cohesion of an army, but how can it be achieved when making war decisions rely on great democracy?
The truth is often held in the hands of a few people, and what can be accepted by the general public is often false truth. We do not deny that it is the masses who created history, but it is also undeniable that at the critical juncture of history, there are indeed a very small number of people who led history. It is precisely because of their existence that the supernatural phenomenon of , which is the small to win the big, the small to win the big, and the weak to win the strong. The great changes in the era of
are often led by a special historical figure. He is the real creator, and others are at best just to contribute to the bricks and contribute their strength. This is not only in the political field, but also in natural science. Western science has been developing for hundreds of years, and only a few dozen people have truly led the science building. Is the truth of
very cruel? It is very unpleasant to listen to this, but it is a naked reality, you have to admit it.
It is obvious that Mao Zedong acted as the leader in creating the People's Army. His cognition transcends that era, so he is lonely and it is not difficult to understand that he is excluded by his colleagues around him.
This is why from ancient times to the present, most armies were not in the double-headed system. In the feudal era when imperial power was supreme, it was still important that a general was not subject to the orders of the outside king. From this you can see how difficult it was for Mao Zedong to fight at that time. He faced not only a fierce and vicious enemy, but also a restraint from his colleagues and comrades behind him.
After Chen Yi replaced Mao Zedong as the secretary of the front committee, especially the leader of several battles and suffered the defeat, I think Chen Yi must have regretted it secretly. If there is any regret medicine in this world, I think Chen Yi will definitely be willing to buy more and eat a few every day.
In fact, Chen Yi is different from Zhang Guotao, Wang Ming and others. He has no direct conflict with Mao himself, so he has reached the point where he cannot cooperate and work together, or directly resists Mao in his thoughts. It is just because he did not have a clear idea in his mind at that time, so he invisibly seized Mao's command power in military command.
, Mao Zedong, who was seized from the military command, retreated from the front line, but had no choice but to go to the local area to guide his work. In addition, in Mao Zedong's grand blueprint for changing China, all aspects of Chinese society were involved. Although the main central idea was that power was born from the gun, he was not a genuine military leader at that time. As a great planner, he planned in detail many aspects that others did not expect or could not care about. Therefore, even if he was seized from military power, he was still very busy. He continued to implement the new land reform policy, and made great achievements.
This is a great man. He did not give up on himself because of the abandonment of his teammates. Instead, he became more and more courageous. This is the biggest difference between a great man and an ordinary man. They are the spring that never surrenders. The greater the pressure, the stronger the ability to bottom out and rebound.
For such a rare genius in the world, his arbitrary and character were despised by his colleagues. They personally drove him out of the military command position. The disaster never came singularly. At this time, he suffered from malaria . This was a disease with a high mortality rate back then. He had no choice but to rest in the mountains.
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During the period when Mao Zedong left, the Red Fourth Army successfully broke the second "suppression" of the national army in the three provinces and the western Fujian base .
This victory in the anti-encirclement and suppression seems to be explaining one truth, that is, you don’t have to follow your Mao Zedong’s method to win a big victory. You can still win a battle with other people and other methods.
At that time, in the Red Army team, there were many talents in addition to the vast number of peasants. They had attended military schools, drank foreign ink, and were proficient in everything they knew about the words. If the conditions for victory in the revolution were met, the leader would definitely not be him Mao Zedong.After reading the history of the party before Zunyi Conference , you will find that before Mao became the supreme leader with absolute power, he encountered so many darkest moments in his life, so that Ziyu felt embarrassed when he read it now, and many details also determined the fate of these revolutionaries later.
Chen Yizhao held a meeting on Shanghang . Mao Zedong wrote a letter saying that he was in poor health and did not come to attend the meeting. Chen Yi is usually a loud voice and likes to slap the table when he gets angry. He thought Mao Zedong was playing tricks, so he gave Mao a warning to the party and asked him to come to attend the meeting immediately.
In desperation, Mao Zedong, who was seriously ill, had to carry a stretcher into the venue. When everyone saw that Mao was not pretending to be sick, he asked him to go back and take a rest.
Mao Zedong spent the Double Ninth Festival in his treatment and filled out a poem " Caisangzi·Dongyang ":
Life is easy to get old, and God is hard to grow old every year. Today is Double Ninth Festival again, and the yellow flowers on the battlefield are particularly fragrant.
The annual autumn wind is strong, not like spring. It is better than spring, with frost in the vast rivers and sky.
From this poem, we cannot see that he is at the lowest point in his life and has any negative emotions.
Mao Zedong was very ill at that time. His enemy, the Kuomintang, also wanted him to die of illness. He also spread rumors and said that he had died of illness and the cause of death was tuberculosis . There was also a big mistake for this. Communist International believed the rumors and issued an obituary of more than 1,000 words, highly praised him and said: "Comrade Mao Zedong, the founder of the Communist Party of China, the founder of the Chinese guerrillas and one of the founders of the Chinese Red Army, died on the front line of Fujian due to long-term tuberculosis." "This is a major loss to the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Red Army and the Chinese revolutionary cause."
Although this is a big mistake, even a malicious curse from the enemy, it at least shows that the achievements Mao Zedong made at that time were recognized by the Communist International, which may give Mao Zedong some comfort in the heavy blow.
The dispute between the Red Fourth Army was ruled by the central government, and at this time the personnel of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also changed. Since the CCP held the Sixth National Congress in Moscow in 1928, Stalin 4 decided to send a group of real workers-born figures to serve as the top leadership of the Communist Party of China, Xiang Zhongfa was the chairman of the Politburo, and Xiang Ying, Chen Yun and others. What is sad is that Xiang Zhongfa later became a traitor to the party. However, those who are familiar with this history know that Zhou Enlai was actually in charge of the work at that time. Fortunately, Zhou Enlai supported Mao Zedong.
Not long after, Chen Yi went to Shanghai to report on his work. At this time, Chen Yi already knew that Mao Zedong was more politically steadfast. Now he is an alternate member of the Politburo and has a certain authority in his right to speak. Naturally, his party's principle of commanding guns would also be supported by the party, and Mao Zedong's foresight once again walked ahead of everyone.
Mao Zedong's approach and the principle of building the army were quickly supported by Zhou Enlai and Li Lisan and others. With the support of the central government, Mao Zedong was still the "Secretary of the Front Committee". At this time, Li Lisan's status within the party also increased sharply, and fortunately he also supported Mao Zedong.
Chen Yi was commissioned by the Central Committee and decided to return to the Red Fourth Army to explain and correct the work. At this time, Chen Yi showed the best side of his character. He came to Mao Zedong personally to apologize and asked him to come out again to command the army. The failure of several consecutive battles made Chen Yi admire Mao Zedong from the bottom of his heart, knowing that this army cannot be separated from him, Mao Zedong.
Fortunately, Mao Zedong also showed his magnanimity. At a critical turning point in history, he was not ambiguous or pretentious. Because he longed for victory, he resolutely accepted Chen Yi's apology and directly took over the baton of the army.Afterwards, Chen Yi was worried that he would not be able to work with Mao Zedong from now on. He said in his words and deeds that he would leave the army and return to the central government to find another job, but Mao Zedong said, "Don't go anywhere, just stay with me to work."
Just like that, Chen Yi and Mao Zedong had a crack due to the differences in command ideas, but both sides repaired this crack with beautiful moral character, and Chen Yi was also on Mao Zedong's side at this time.
Zhu De also quickly admitted his mistake. After going through twists and turns, Mao Zedong was re-elected as secretary of the Front Committee, and he could finally guide thousands of troops with his military talent. Later, the famous Gutian Conference resolution established the principle of building an army.
Gutian Conference is important because it marks the basic establishment of Mao Zedong's thought on building the army, which is a military idea that has never been seen in human military history.
And the Red Army will also take a more brilliant step under the leadership of Mao Zedong.
