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On January 15, 1951, Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army of China was established in Nanjing. The dean of the college was Marshal Liu Bocheng, one of the top ten marshals in China. Before the establishment of the school, Liu Bocheng made a request to Premier Zhou, saying that wanted to invite Chen Yi, the commander of the East China Military Region, to be the political commissar of the school, but this request was rejected by the central leaders. The establishment of this Military Academy marked the training of the Chinese military cadres at that time and reached a new level. But the process of establishing it was not easy, and Liu Bocheng made great contributions to it.
So, what kind of story is there behind the establishment of this school? What difficulties did it go through in its establishment process? Why didn’t the Central Committee agree to let Chen Yi be the political commissar?
Marshal Liu Bocheng's entanglement
On October 1, 1949, New China was founded . This is a day of celebration and a future that is in ruins. The situation in China at that time had gradually stabilized, and people gradually lived a positive life.
But the Chinese army did not stop because of this. Although the Kuomintang was defeated, there were still many ambitious people outside China's border line.
Chinese military no longer needs to conduct a comprehensive civil war . At this time, the central leaders discussed a new goal. That is to completely upgrade the Chinese military, not only in weapons and ammunition, but also in thought and spirit.
Chairman Mao once made a public speech that roughly means:
"Now that the Chinese army is moving towards the future, we cannot only focus on the development of the army. We have won domestic wars and resisted foreign threats. We must attach importance to the air force, the navy, and the construction of all military forces. This is our important task at the moment."
Facts have proved that the great man's vision is still very long-term. After China's full liberation, he faces foreign military threats.
Since the issue of changing military development ideas has been raised, some solutions are necessary to deal with them.
On October 20, 1949, at the first collective meeting after the formation of the Central Military Commission, Nie Rongzhen, then Chief of Staff, put forward a suggestion on military development.
That is to build a military university. If this is done, the basic quality of the Chinese military at that time can be comprehensively improved.
When Marshal Liu Bocheng got the news, he fell into trouble because he had an idea in his heart: "Do you want me to go back and do military logistics work?"
Thinking of this, he picked up his pen and wrote a letter to the central government.
He said in his letter:
"I am already very old, and now military cadres need younger forces to participate in it. The cultivation of young cadres is also the most difficult, and people with rich experience must lead.
I am willing to resign from my current position as commander of the Second Field Army to focus on the related issues of the construction of the military academy."
Martyr Liu Bocheng's letter was written very sincerely, and the implication was also saying:
"I, Liu Bocheng, are a person with very military experience. It is most suitable for me to be this president. In order to build a school, I can't be the commander. I am so old, and the organization should give me some care."
After Chairman Mao received this letter, Premier Zhou happened to be present. Both of them smiled and said that Marshal Liu Bocheng was a "human genius".
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou discussed for a while and said: "I think he volunteered very well. I think this arrangement is more reasonable."
Premier Zhou also said: "He is a general with both civil and military skills. His abilities are enough. Let's discuss it at a meeting, and I agree with this matter."
Finally, after the central leadership discussed, he agreed to Marshal Liu Bocheng's request.
Not only that, Marshal Liu Bocheng also wrote a letter to Marshal Zhu De, the vice chairman of the Military Commission, requesting that the workplace at hand be handed over to Marshal Deng Xiaoping and Marshal He Long, which was quite a bit like "dead first and report".
Marshal Liu Bocheng, who originally thought he would be frustrated, unexpectedly, gave him a reply soon, fully supporting his request to preside over the establishment of a military academy, and also asked him to return to Beijing as soon as possible to take charge of the work.
Marshal Liu Bocheng was very happy after receiving the reply, and he hurriedly arranged the handover of the current work.
On October 27, 1950, Marshal Liu Bocheng rushed back to the central government to meet the chairman and others to discuss the establishment of the school. Things.
This matter is certainly not as simple as Marshal Liu Bocheng thought. He thought about building a good military academy with all his heart, and soon encountered a problem.
At that time, Chairman Mao went out to work, Marshal Liu Bocheng was idle, and he hurried to find Premier Zhou. Fortunately, Premier Zhou was doing official duties in the office. After the notice, Marshal Liu Bocheng entered the house. Premier Zhou also put down his pen, poured a glass of water in person, and placed it on the table opposite him.
Prince Zhou smiled and said: "Haha, our General Liu, you are really a good comrade of the Party. Wherever there are difficulties, you will appear. But don’t think about building a school so easy? "
Marshal Liu Bocheng also smiled modestly and thanked Premier Zhou for a while, and then said:
"Of course I know this is not an easy task, but I am very confident in completing this task. But...Prime Minister, you have to fully support my work. "
Premier Zhou nodded and said, "If you have any requirements, you can say, I will report it with you and discuss it together. "
" is nothing big, so you can let Chen Yi be the political commissar for me. This requirement is not too much, right? " Liu Bocheng finished speaking sincerely, with a little embarrassed on his face.
Premier Zhou saw through Marshal Liu Bocheng's little thoughts. He smiled and said:
"Do you want Chen Yi? He is the commander of the East China Military Region, hahaha, I think you are trying to get money, people, and things, it will be convenient, right? "
Marshal Liu Bocheng was told his worries, so he just laughed calmly and agreed to Premier Zhou's idea. However, Premier Zhou did not immediately agree to Marshal Liu Bocheng's request, but instead said that the discussion would only lead to a result.
Premier Zhou did not agree decisively, and Marshal Liu Bocheng knew that this request might not be approved, so the two talked about other issues in the school, and the conversation went smoothly.
After Marshal Liu Bocheng left, he was really in trouble because the establishment of the military academy was really too difficult.
A long journey
There are many problems in front of Marshal Liu Bocheng. In an earlier period, the location selection of the school was also a big problem.
They looked at many places in Beijing, but they were not very satisfied. Or the satisfactory places did not meet the conditions for establishing the school.
Marshal Liu Bocheng even wanted to rebuild the military academy on the ruins of the Old Summer Palace, which was obviously an unreasonable requirement. Finally, after many discussions, the military academy was selected in Nanjing.
School did not find a new piece of open space to build, but chose to repair and renovate it in the original East China Military and Political University . The equipment there was complete All, large in scale and area, are a very ideal teaching place. After the school’s location was selected, there were many things to do. After Marshal Liu Bocheng met with Premier Zhou, Chairman Mao learned about the news that he had visited. Not long after
, Chairman Mao and Marshal Liu Bocheng met again. Before Marshal Liu Bocheng made any request, Chairman Mao said a lot of work that needed emergency treatment.
helplessly, Liu Bocheng could only listen to Chairman Mao arrange a lot of work.
After the two people finished talking, Marshal Liu Bocheng smiled and shook his head and said goodbye.Chairman Mao told him that a meeting would be held soon to discuss the purpose of the academy construction and how to learn the principles and principles of the establishment of other military academys.
Not only that, Chairman Mao also asked Marshal Liu Bocheng to bring out a set of school staffing and personnel arrangements of leading cadres to come up with a relevant list.
also requires Marshal Liu Bocheng to hold a meeting quickly and come up with a document of the main opinions to approve it first.
Marshal Liu Bocheng was very demanding of Chairman Mao and thought to himself: "Shouldn't I make some relevant requirements? Why did the Chairman make clear arrangements for me?"
In short, the establishment of the Military Academy is still a long journey. Fortunately, Marshal Liu Bocheng is very capable, so he found many related friends to cooperate with him in this work.
On November 13, 1950, he came up with a summary of the main opinions, and finally, after approval by Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao and other relevant leaders, the main issues in the establishment of the Military Academy were established.
The original Army University was renamed "Chinese People's Liberation Army Military", which also marks that it was the first large-scale military academy after the founding of New China.
Although the address of the Military Academy is set up at Nanjing East China Military University, the central leadership has proposed that it hopes to move the Military Academy to a place in Beijing in the future to show the country's attention to this school.
After experiencing the research of Marshal Liu Bocheng, the Military Academy has formulated many departments to lay a foundation for comprehensive development in the future Navy and Air Force.
Martyr Liu Bocheng also put forward requirements that the establishment of a school will inevitably require a lot of talents, and it is not enough to rely on his own abilities. He hopes that each military region will allocate at least twenty cadres.
The cadres in it must be selected from the division commander level at least. Those with very good conditions can be relaxed. Relevant administrative leaders and staff, and various military schools must also dispatch part of them.
For the healthy development of the school, Marshal Liu Bocheng also suggested that Soviet experts be invited to teach more professionally. Marshal Liu Bocheng raised many questions about the development of the school, and they were basically recognized by relevant leaders.
During this period, Marshal Liu Bocheng received bad news. That is, the central leaders rejected Marshal Liu Bocheng's request to Marshal Chen Yi as political commissar.
Because Chen Yi was in charge of work in the East China Military Region at that time, his affairs were busy and it was inconvenient to transfer.
However, the central leadership said that Marshal Chen Yi could first cooperate with their preparations for going to Nanjing. Marshal Liu Bocheng worked hard for this long-distance job.
On November 16, 1950, Premier Zhou and other relevant central leaders allocated 5 billion yuan for the construction of the military academy. Marshal Liu Bocheng, who received the funds, quickly started the arrangements. He immediately went to find Marshal Chen Yi. He held Marshal Chen Yi's hand while expressing his feelings. Marshal Liu Bocheng said:
"I have tried my best to get your help. I have to break the threshold of the Chairman's home and the Prime Minister's home. I will not let you be the political commissar for me no matter what. Look, I am very persuading, so I can cooperate with me in the preparations."
Marshal Chen Yi finished listening to Marshal Liu Bocheng's words. Haha laughed and replied, "Come on, I don't know your little thoughts yet. Why don't you let me be the dean?"
Marshal Liu Bocheng said frankly: "Then you saved me. I don't want to be the dean in front of you. Come quickly, I can go to your Second Field Army to be the commander."
After joking for a while, the two began to discuss the main matter. After all, Liu Bocheng was the person in charge named by the Central Committee, and he was also very concerned about the construction of the Military Academy.
The establishment of the school
Marshal Chen Yi put forward many suggestions, especially targeted measures for teachers and talents. After Marshal Liu Bocheng obtained the effective method, he quickly devoted himself to the establishment of the school.
One night on November 21, 1950, Marshal Liu Bocheng rushed to Nanjing while the night was dark. Begin preparing for stressful school establishment matters.
One morning on November 30, Marshal Liu Bocheng, who was nearly 60 years old, was officially appointed as the dean of the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army of China.
At the same time, Marshal Liu Bocheng also arranged many experienced veteran generals to take important positions.
For example, at that time, Chen Bojun, the first deputy commander of , Hunan Military Region , Tao Hanzhang, the deputy director of , North China Military and Political University, Zhong Qiguang, deputy political commissar of East China Military and Political University, and Liu Zhong, commander of the Western Sichuan Military Region.
It can be said that the college team formed by Marshal Liu Bocheng is a very powerful small organization, which is more than enough to educate students.
In addition to the above-mentioned leading talents in high-level positions, Marshal Liu Bocheng also mobilized various military regions and colleges, with a total of 1,420 college cadres.
These college cadres are all talents selected from the local area and have rich combat experience, including 22 consultants sent by the Soviet Union. Military Academy has been established very comprehensively and has a huge organization.
The teacher team is ready, and another problem has emerged in front of Marshal Liu Bocheng, that is, the writing of the textbook. The compilation of
military textbooks is also very difficult. It not only requires people with rich combat experience, but also people with excellent cultural experience.
In order to write qualified textbooks, Marshal Liu Bocheng reads books and checks information almost every day and night. didn't even have time to eat, and only had a short time to sleep every day.
This made Marshal Liu Bocheng very tired and accumulated some illnesses. But Marshal Liu Bocheng knew very well that he was doing something great. The victory or defeat of the
The victory or defeat of the war may bring temporary wins and losses. If the construction of the military academy is successful, it will be a blessing for future generations.
He compiled all the military experience accumulated in his life into the textbook. Marshal Liu Bocheng also hopes that many excellent military commanders will emerge in the future of New China.
January 15, 1951. The Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army of China was officially established. At the celebration, Chairman Mao wrote eight big characters in his own handwriting to encourage the students of the school:
"Study hard and defend national defense."
The eight big characters are concise and clear, expressing the will of the country and also expressing Chairman Mao's expectations. He hopes that talents from this military school will be able to defend their country and become the country's most solid defense force in the country.
in the early days of the establishment of the school, Liu Bocheng did not expect it to come in handy soon. During the establishment of , China and the United States began to fight in Korean War .
And this military academy also contributed a lot to that battle. On May 30, 1951, the air force education system and naval education system of the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army were all completed.
This also means that China now has the strength to cultivate the navy and air force in batches. In the process of school teaching, the actual battle is more learning.
At that time, Marshal Liu Bocheng organized many outstanding students studying in school, and asked them to go to the front line of the Korean War to watch and learn about the various causes and effects that occurred in the war on the spot, which also accumulated valuable practical experience for the students at that time.
At the same time, Marshal Liu Bocheng also intentionally developed a teaching strategy for the United States. He allowed these students to apply what they learned quickly and basically graduated in a year.
Then they can be allowed to devote themselves to the Korean War in time and give full play to their learned abilities.
After the war ended, the Academy's progress did not stop. Marshal Liu Bocheng is very visionary. He not only focuses on learning, but also pays attention to the construction of the school atmosphere.
Marshal Liu Bocheng attaches great importance to the civilized school style and is very clear about what the Kuomintang officers fell into depravity. In school, teachers and leaders are good role models.
In order to maintain a good campus atmosphere, Marshal Liu Bocheng established very strict rules and regulations. For example, private gifts are strictly prohibited, extravagance is strictly prohibited, and schools are not allowed to compete, so that students can devote all their thoughts to their studies. One year after the school was established, the first period of students graduated successfully. This group of talents was quickly appointed, contributing an important force to the construction and development of the Chinese military.
Chairman Mao mentioned in his training speech to the Military Academy, which roughly means:
"Director Liu Bocheng's contribution is obvious to all. In just over a year, he allowed China's national defense forces to enter the road of regularization and modernization. This is a very important contribution to China's military development."
Military Academy was also a "hot commodity" in front of all troops at that time. General Peng even sent an urgent message to Marshal Liu Bocheng before the students graduated. hoped that they would send people to the army to support the relevant issues of military construction.
It can be said that the construction of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Academy has steadily provided the military talent reserves for most of the troops in China. Among them, Marshal Liu Bocheng made the greatest contribution, and his actions have always been remembered by future generations.
Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Academy, in this period, has been renamed Chinese People's Liberation Army National Defense University . Although
has changed greatly in appearance and scale, , his purpose and soul have not changed, just like the original intentions of Chairman Mao, Marshal Liu Bocheng and others, and have continued to shine for the country's national defense cause.
What do you want to say about the deeds of Liu Bocheng and others in establishing the military academy? Welcome to leave your opinions in the comment section!
