On the morning of January 2, 1950, Beijing Zhongnanhai suddenly received a telegram from Moscow. The sender was none other than Chairman Mao who was visiting the Soviet Union.
Premier Zhou's expression suddenly became solemn when he saw the telegram. Chairman Mao said in the telegram that the last step in the Soviet negotiations, please ask Premier Zhou to arrive in Moscow immediately.
is an emergency, and Premier Zhou decided to set off immediately. However, the State Council had just been established not long ago, and the State Council was in a complicated way. Premier Zhou was busy with so many things. What should I do if I have so much work?
pic | Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou
After talking on the phone, Chairman Mao thought of a "best of both worlds" method for Premier Zhou, that is, to choose an "acting prime minister" and let the acting prime minister succeed Premier Zhou in preside over domestic affairs.
But the problem is that New China is in a mess. Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou are both older generation revolutionaries who have emerged from the war. Who has the ability to replace Premier Zhou in handling affairs?
Comrade Liu Shaoqi is capable
Before discussing this issue, we must first talk about the comrade who acted as chairman after Chairman Mao went to the Soviet Union, that is Comrade Liu Shaoqi.
During the long revolutionary years, whenever Chairman Mao went on a business trip, Liu Shaoqi took over Chairman Mao and acted as Chairman.
In Chairman Mao’s words, Comrade Liu Shaoqi’s ability is unquestionable.
pic | Liu Shaoqi
1945 Chairman Mao went to to negotiate in Chongqing. It was Comrade Liu Shaoqi's first acting position as chairman.
The negotiations to Chongqing were obviously the Hongmen Banquet for Chiang Kai-shek , but Chairman Mao still started from the overall situation and decided to go to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek with Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi.
There is a lot of danger here. In case of precautions, Chairman Mao made an important arrangement before leaving, which was to let Comrade Liu Shaoqi act as Chairman of the CPC Central Committee. During Chairman Mao's outing, all matters were handed over to Comrade Liu Shaoqi to take care of. The arrangement of
is enough to show that Chairman Mao has a high trust in Comrade Liu Shaoqi. At that time, there were many comrades who were capable in the party, but Chairman Mao had no doubts about Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ability.
pic | Chairman Mao went to Chongqing
During Chairman Mao's trip to Chongqing, it was also the busiest time for Comrade Liu Shaoqi. He must not only coordinate the actions of the Eighth Route Army in various regions across the country, but also cooperate with comrades in Chongqing.
As early as , the Soviet area was recognized by Chairman Mao. At that time, the Soviet area lacked medical treatment and medicine, and both economy and culture needed to be vigorously improved. Many of the opinions put forward by Comrade Liu Shaoqi made Chairman Mao look at it with admiration.
Especially after the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, when he became the representative of the CPC Central Committee and the secretary of the Northern Bureau, he firmly completed the decision to establish an anti-Japanese united front. During his time in Yan'an, Comrade Liu Shaoqi also gave famous speeches such as "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members", which caused a sensation.
After the Chongqing negotiations, Chairman Mao returned to Yan'an because of his poor health, Comrade Liu Shaoqi was in charge of the work of the central government. Until the spring of 1946, Liu Shaoqi excellently completed the task assigned to him by Chairman Mao.
Picture | Liu Shaoqi
This time when visiting the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao still handed over the acting chairman's affairs to Comrade Liu Shaoqi. From December 1949 to March 1950, Liu Shaoqi was acting chairman and presided over daily affairs in the past four months.
During this period, Liu Shaoqi's work received high praise from Chairman Mao. First, it was the end of the War of Liberation. After the Lu Han Uprising in Yunnan, Liu Shaoqi approved it as the Yunnan Military and Political Committee, and then carried out land reform work. It was basically carried out in an orderly manner according to Chairman Mao's ideas, and effectively solved the activities of the upper class of Lhasa in Tibet and other places.
At that time, the new China had just been established, and the grassroots regime in the rural areas was unstable. Under Comrade Liu Shaoqi's serious work, positive results were finally achieved. After Chairman Mao returned to China, he highly praised Comrade Liu Shaoqi. Chairman Mao said: "Comrade Shaoqi is selfless."
It is worth mentioning that Chairman Mao admires Comrade Liu Shaoqi's learning spirit very much. He goes to learn anything he doesn't understand. No wonder Chairman Mao said: If he doesn't study for three days, he will not be able to catch up with Liu Shaoqi.
1
1958 Chairman Mao told comrades in the party many times that he planned to resign from the position of President of the State. Many people thought at the time that Chairman Mao must have resigned from the position of chairman of the State. Comrade Zhu De took office.
But Chairman Mao proposed that Liu Shaoqi take over as President of the State. Chairman Mao said: "It's not that Comrade Zhu De is not suitable, but in comparison, Comrade Liu Shaoqi is more suitable. ”
Chairman Mao has always been the acting chairman of Comrade Liu Shaoqi during his time out. Chairman Mao also expressed his affirmation of Comrade Liu Shaoqi's work ability, so it is natural for Liu Shaoqi to take over as the President of the country.
In April 1959, at the first meeting of the Second National People's Congress , Comrade Liu Shaoqi was elected as the President of the People's Republic of China. His insightful opinions were worthy of his name.
pic | Premier Zhou
Chairman Mao personally recommended acting prime minister
1950 Chairman Mao When I visited the Soviet Union, I later asked Premier Zhou to negotiate immediately. Since Comrade Liu Shaoqi acted as chairman, who could preside over the affairs of Premier Zhou?
From the perspective of the leaders of the party at that time, after the founding of New China, everyone performed their duties. Some generals who came from the rain of bullets were in various military positions. There were very few people who could take over Premier Zhou's position, almost no one.
Chairman Mao naturally knew this. When Premier Zhou raised this difficulty, Chairman Mao recommended a person, and finally this person passed unanimously after everyone's discussion.
Chairman Mao said: "I suggest that Dong Biwu serve as acting prime minister. "
pic | Dong Biwu
In fact, in terms of qualifications, contributions, ability, prestige, Mr. Dong Biwu recommended by Chairman Mao is completely suitable for the position of acting prime minister.
Dong Biwu was born in 1886. Chairman Mao affectionately called him "Dong Lao". Such respect is not only because Dong Biwu is older, but importantly, Dong Biwu not only participated in the revolution early, but also made great contributions.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Dong Biwu resolutely gave up his stability The determined work has resolutely embarked on the revolutionary path of saving the country without hesitation. Comrades in the party said that it was extremely difficult for Mr. Dong to become a staunch anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democrat from a late Qing Dynasty scholar. It was extremely difficult.
Soon, he followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen and joined the Tongmenghui one after another, and began to explore the truth of saving the country and the people.
1919, Mao Zedong, who returned to Hunan from Peking University , began to establish " Xiangjiang Commentary ". After Mr. Dong Biwu learned about it, he went to buy it specifically and used it. The action supports the revolutionary thoughts of young Mao Zedong.
921 Dong Biwu also attended the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China and became one of the important founders.
Because of his age, Mr. Dong Biwu has always led the hidden front work of our party with a special identity, which is the same as the underground party led by Zhou Enlai in the future.
The famous figures who worked under Dong Biwu at that time were Xiong Xianghui , who was known as the best agent of our party , once He has conveyed extremely valuable intelligence to our party.
pic | Shen Anna
And another one is Shen Anna . Under Dong Biwu's teachings, Shen Anna secretly lurked in the National Secretariat. Many senior meetings of the Kuomintang Shen Anna knows everything about this valuable intelligence. These valuable intelligence are all the contributions of Dong Biwu.
Chen Yi Marshal once praised Mr. Dong Biwu's intelligence work. He said: "One word or a letter from Mr. Dong is worth an army of 100,000! ”
For Chairman Mao, what he respects most are these old predecessors. In the early days of the revolution, the young Mao Zedong asked for help many times. Dong Biwu was also one of the "Five Elders of Yan'an": Xu Teli, Wu Yuzhang, Xie Juezai, Dong Biwu, and Lin Boqu.
pic | Yan'an Five Old Ones
It is worth mentioning that before Long March , except for Comrade Wu Yuzhang who was sent to work abroad, the other four elderly people participated in the Long March. People are old but their hearts are not old. Their spirit is worthy of respect.
Before the founding of New China, Mr. Dong Biwu also made suggestions for the country's economic undertakings. Our first set of RMB has the small words " People's Bank of China " on it, which was written by Dong Biwu.
So Chairman Mao recommended Dong Biwu as acting prime minister, which was also a high trust in Mr. Dong Biwu. After the decision was made, Mr. Dong Biwu refused, and he said he was unable to do so.
Chairman Mao persuaded him many times, and Mr. Dong Biwu accepted this suggestion. At that time, he was 64 years old, but he was still under pressure and completed the task outstandingly during the two months he went out.
At that time, the new China had just escaped from the war. It can be said that everything is in trouble. Many places are facing the problem of not having enough food. Dong Biwu noticed this problem very early. After taking office as acting prime minister, he immediately established the "Central Disaster Relief" Committee and specially proposed the action policy of "self-rescue production, saving famine, mutual assistance among the masses, work-for-relief , and supplemented with necessary relief."
Under the influence of Dong Biwu, cadres from all over the country, all major and small, chose to go deep into the grassroots level to understand the real lives of the people, adapt to local conditions, and finally raised more than one billion kilograms of grain through national fundraising to send them to major grain-stricken areas.
Not only that, Dong Biwu also drafted and presided over 10 large-scale meetings within 2 months, and also participated in and formulated more than ten general rules of the law, including " Marriage Law " and "Principles of Organization of People's Courts".
and other Prime Minister Zhou returned from Moscow, and Mr. Dong Biwu's position as "acting prime minister" also ended successfully. He recorded his feelings at that time in his diary. He said:
State affairs are very family affairs. I have the heart but not enough strength. Although two months are not long, I am busy and hardworking, but not ordinary people think. The test behind glory requires the unity and efforts of revolutionary comrades.
Whether it is ability or contribution, Mr. Dong Biwu has withstood the test of history and has been unanimously recognized by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou. He is a meritorious service in New China.
pic | Dong Biwu's later years
On April 2, 1975, Mr. Dong Biwu passed away in Beijing. He and Chairman Mao have the same communist ideals and beliefs, and are determined to fight for it for the rest of their lives.
After Premier Zhou’s death, Chairman Mao chose Hua Guofeng
January 8, 1976, Premier Zhou, beloved by the people of the whole country, passed away in Beijing, but the affairs of the State Council still need to be handled. Chairman Mao proposed that Comrade Hua Guofeng be the acting Premier of the State Council and preside over daily affairs.
Three months later, Chairman Mao proposed that Comrade Hua Guofeng be appointed as the first vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed the vote unanimously.
You should know that after the founding of New China, Comrade Hua Guofeng was just a county party secretary, and how did he be noticed by Chairman Mao and eventually become the Premier of the State Council?
Picture | Hua Guofeng
Hua Guofeng is a native Shanxi native who spoke Taiyuan dialect. Before the founding of New China, Hua Guofeng worked in Jiaocheng, Shanxi. At that time, the People's Liberation Army attacked Nanjing. According to relevant requirements, cadres in North China "leave half and walk half" to take over the work in the south.
For the cause of national liberation, Hua Guofeng resolutely took his wife and children to bid farewell to his hometown, and came to Xiangyin County, Hunan Province to serve as the county party secretary, and was then transferred to Xiangtan County .
Coincidentally, Xiangtan County is Chairman Mao’s hometown. In 1955, Chairman Mao visited his hometown, and the diligent Hua Guofeng attracted Chairman Mao’s attention.
also originated from a documentary report. After Hua Guofeng was transferred to Xiangtan for a long time, he found that although this place is known as the hometown of fish and rice, the people here have difficulty living and cannot even have enough food. Some people are gnawing on the roots of trees. Not only that, Hua Guofeng also put forward his own suggestions to vigorously develop agriculture, etc.
Picture | Hua Guofeng during the war
Then, he handed the report on it. In that era, there were only a handful of leaders who could tell the truth like Hua Guofeng. This report was accidentally seen by Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao looked at the secretary of the prefectural party committee with admiration.
When inspecting his hometown in 1955, in addition to meeting with the leaders of the provincial party committee, Chairman Mao specially named Hua Guofeng. That was the only cadre that Chairman Mao met that time who was not a provincial or above. Chairman Mao said: "I have read your article. Welcome our parents."
Chairman Mao told Hua Guofeng, I am from Xiangtan, and everything you said is true.
This gave Hua Guofeng great encouragement. Subsequently, Hua Guofeng carried out major agricultural reforms in Xiangtan and even put forward very objective suggestions.
Not long after, at the enlarged meeting of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao made an exception and asked Hua Guofeng to attend. It can be said that Hua Guofeng benefited a lot at this meeting. Chairman Mao's name changed Hua Guofeng's life.
Yuan Longping, a graduate of the Agricultural College who was doing experiments in Hunan at that time, was doing rice experiments. After Hua Guofeng learned about it, he found Yuan Longping and gave strong support.
, Hua Guofeng, who had just been transferred to the province as the secretary of the provincial party committee, attached great importance to Yuan Longping's hybrid rice career. With almost no one recognized it, Yuan Longping took the risk to approve him a large experimental film, asking Yuan Longping to let go.
Picture | Yuan Longping was doing research
At that time, Hua Guofeng did not care about his fame and fortune, but only considered the food and clothing issues of the people in the south. Yuan Longping failed again and again, and Hua Guofeng supported him again and again, and the two of them also established a deep friendship.
At the second Agricultural Science and Technology Experience Exchange Conference held in Hunan in 1970, Hua Guofeng specially asked Yuan Longping to attend. He said: "It is normal to encounter difficulties in work. Don't be afraid of difficulties. I hope you can continue to study and believe you can succeed."
Not long after, Hua Guofeng made a report with Premier Zhou, hoping to allocate 1 million yuan to support the research of hybrid rice.
Hard work pays off. Yuan Longping and his colleagues worked hard to overcome various difficulties and finally successfully promoted hybrid rice. This great study shocked the world.
Picture|Hua Guofeng and Yuan Longping
At this time, Hua Guofeng had already been valued by Premier Zhou. After discussing with Chairman Mao, he decided to let Comrade Hua Guofeng work in the central government. At that time, Hua Guofeng was appointed as the deputy leader of the business group of the State Council and could attend the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
Although Hua Guofeng did not have the power to make major decisions at that time, and his work in the province was more complicated, Hua Guofeng was down-to-earth and worked wholeheartedly to assist Premier Zhou, completing various domestic economic issues.
In order to train Hua Guofeng, Premier Zhou specially handed over the economic and talent training to Hua Guofeng. Within a few years, Hua Guofeng has maintained a relatively stable growth in grain production across the country. Not only that, he focused on the cultivation of scientific and technological talents and led the development of domestic high-end national defense projects. Chairman Mao saw all this.
After Premier Zhou's death in early 1976, Hua Guofeng served as acting prime minister. During Tangshan earthquake occurred. Chairman Mao was seriously ill and called Hua Guofeng to his side: "Hurry, go to Tangshan quickly, and you must do your best to save people!"
Hua Guofeng knew that Chairman Mao was concerned about Tangshan and resolutely He went to the front line in person, and stood in the disaster area of Tangshan and shouted to everyone:
"Chairman Mao cares about everyone very much. I came with Chairman Mao's instructions. This earthquake tested the people of Tangshan and the people of the whole country. The soldiers and the people of Tangshan will definitely persevere until the end. Chairman Mao is with everyone!"
Unexpectedly, Chairman Mao suddenly became seriously ill in a month. On September 9, 1976, Chairman Mao passed away. Hua Guofeng made a quick decision and led the comrades in the party to stabilize the social order in a timely manner. The Party and the people will never forget his important contributions.
pic | Hua Guofeng
A few years after Chairman Mao’s death, Hua Guofeng was even more loyal. He not only made every effort to improve the country’s economy, but also focused on the development of science and culture, education, and even devoted himself to diplomacy, so that the country could develop step by step.
In 1980, Hua Guofeng expressed his intention to resign from his post as Premier of the State Council, and a year later he voluntarily resigned from his post as Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. He said he would give opportunities to more capable young people.
Yes, Chairman Mao read that right, Hua Guofeng is a good soldier of the Party and a good soldier of the people. He supports the leadership of the Party Central Committee and is full of confidence in the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics until the last breath of his life.
Whether it is Liu Shaoqi, Dong Biwu, or Hua Guofeng, they have devoted their lives to China's revolution, construction and reform, and Chairman Mao's far-sighted vision, they are all forever missed by future generations!
