A very interesting thing: the two great men born in the 19th century in the 19th century are very worth comparing. Their birth is one year old, their age difference is one year, and their family background is exactly the same. They have all been political, established the party, run newspapers, and taught books... They have been active in the modern domestic political stage one after another. During the 1911 Revolution to the War of Protecting the Country, they still have common life intersections, but their life curves are completely different, but they are all very representative, and they are worthy of our careful appreciation and careful study. These two are the famous enlightenment thinker Liang Qichao and Mr. Zhang Lan, Vice Chairman of the First Government of the Republic.
Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan are both great men worth remembering. The above picture is a life simulation curve chart drawn by me based on the major events and achievements in their lives (the horizontal axis represents the year, and the vertical axis represents the degree of life achievement). From the coordinate chart, we can clearly see:
Master Liang Qichao's life was relatively short, at the age of 56, but his html l1The slope of the life curve is huge, with violent ups and downs, and it has risen and downs in high positions. It took less than 30 years to go from the "child prodigy" of Xinhui to the domestic storm. Almost all the historical events of the period of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894-1895 1894-1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1 It's a miracle.
, and Zhang Lan's life was different. It seemed that he started relatively late, but his life curve has steadily improved, and his life has remained calm. He became late. In 1949, he was a false alarm and finally reached the peak of his life and was able to enjoy his life.
From the perspective of the life contributions of the two great men: Liang Qichao was dedicated to the enlightenment of people's wisdom and social transformation throughout his life, and made remarkable achievements in ideological enlightenment, academic foundation laying, family education, etc., while Zhang Lan taught and educated people all his life, and his disciples were spread all over Sichuan. He was more concerned about the specific people's livelihood, respected, and honest as an official, and was known as the "Sage of Northern Sichuan". He spoke for justice, planned the country in his old age, and was politically correct, which greatly promoted the establishment and peaceful reunification of New China. More importantly, he also had an enviable 83-year-old life.
People are like leaves, and each life curve cannot overlap. Even if they have more common points, what exactly causes such a huge difference in the life curves of great people of the same era? After careful analysis and comparison, I feel that in addition to factors such as self-study in the future, there are also the following four factors.
is the influence of regional culture. 1Around 870, the era of human industrial revolution has begun, European, American and Western powers are busy colonizing the whole world, and China is also forced to "learn learning from the east and the west."Relatively speaking, people in coastal areas can receive new ideas and new things faster. In modern Chinese history, a considerable number of revolutionaries and benevolent people, such as Hong Xiuquan , Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiashu, Lin Zexu , Yan Fu , Huang Zunxian ... etc., all came to Eastern coastal areas , and Liang Qichao was no exception. His hometown is in Xinhui, Guangdong, where Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the little emperor on his back;
, and Zhang Lan is different. His hometown, Nanchong, Sichuan, is located in the closed inland hinterland of the southwest. Since ancient times, the transportation and culture have been blocked. "The road to Shu is difficult, and it is difficult to reach the blue sky", which makes Sichuan people a long time. As a result, people have a strong sense of "small peasantry", they are at ease when they are rich, the local people are strong, and the culture of the rivers and lakes is prevalent. In addition, warlords have fought over the years and the people have lived a very difficult life. Therefore, due to the limitations of regional culture, Zhang Lan focused on teaching and educating people all his life. Although he was also very concerned about politics, and his thoughts are inclusive and open, his focus is more on the specific aspects of people's livelihood around him. He urgently hopes that the local area can be peaceful for a long time and that the people live and work in peace. In his lifelong political practice, he has been actively seeking "local autonomy" for a long time and doing his best to ensure peace in the area.
The second is the impact of family conditions. Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan's family background are very similar. They both married two wives and gave birth to many children. The father is both a private school teacher and has many brothers and sisters. However, in comparison, Liang Qichao's family conditions are much better than Zhang Lan. Although they are both teachers' families, Liang Qichao's family started earlier and laid the foundation since his grandfather's generation. Liang Qichao has 9 siblings. He is the eldest. He studied " Four Books " from the age of four or five. 》, "Five Classics", and after he was six years old, he followed his father to study "A Brief History of China" and "Five Classics" to graduate;
. Although Zhang Lan's father was also a teacher, there were as many as 14 brothers and sisters, and he was ranked third. In addition, "five fathers and sons of the Zhang family, four scholars in one family" at that time, it was not enough to rely on his father's meager salary. Later, his mother had to rent 8 acres of land ten miles away from home to farm to barely support a whole family. Because the family was too poor, Zhang Lan had no books to read when he was a child. It is said that later, a landlord's child gave him "half the Analects of Confucius". He regarded it as a treasure and memorized it like a stream. Therefore, due to the different family's economic conditions, the starting point of his studies will be different, and the differences will be even greater in the future.
Liang Qichao was talented and became a scholar at the age of 12. In the second year, he was able to study in Xuehaitang, the highest academic institution in the provincial capital of Guangzhou. Three years later, Liang Qichao was 16 years old and ranked eighth in the province. Later, he became a scholar at Kang Youwei as his teacher. He studied many knowledge of Chinese studies and Western civilization in ,000 Mucaotang systematically. It took 4 years. In 1895, Liang Qichao entered the Beijing examination and officially started his vigorous political career from the time he wrote on the bus.
. However, due to the restrictions of family living conditions, Zhang Lan became a scholar at the age of 22 and was hired as a teacher at the age of 29. In 1902, Zhang Lan, who was already 30 years old, had the opportunity to study at Sichuan Zunjing Academy. A year later, he was selected to study in the Normal School of Tokyo Hongwen College in Japan. At this time, Liang Qichao had already experienced a series of major events such as "Shiwubao", "Shiwubao", "Hong Kong Reform School", and "Hong Kong Reform School" in Yokohama, Japan, and accumulated energy for the arrival of the second wave of climax in life.
Third is the influence of personal personality. Personality determines destiny. This sentence is not without reason. Personal personality is largely affected by the influence of family and social environment, and is also closely related to a person's knowledge accumulation and ideological consciousness.
In general, Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan are both outgoing. They are both good at socializing, active and enterprising, and are brave enough to actively innovate in their respective fields. However, compared with Zhang Lan, Liang Qichao's personality is relatively gentle and restrained. In " Liang Qichao's Family Letter ", we can see that Liang Qichao is the image spokesperson of a "loving father";
At the same time, we know that Liang Qichao was deeply influenced by his mentor Kang Youwei throughout his life. He once obeyed Kang Youwei. Even though he knew that there were differences or even conflicts with the teacher's views, he would not directly contradict the teacher in person. This is explained in Liang Qichao's self-report. In the TV series "Towards the Republic", we can also see that after Liang Qichao politely rejected Kang Youwei's request to support Zhang Xun's restoration, Liang Qichao took out a ruler and asked the teacher to punish himself like an honest elementary school student! Perhaps it is precisely because of this ideological personality that in his later political career, especially after he went into exile in Japan, Liang Qichao came into contact with more Western cultural knowledge, met more revolutionary people such as Sun Yat-sen, and had his own new insights into the social situation. His political thoughts often changed, but no matter how they changed, Liang Qichao never got out of the circle of Kang Youwei's reform of his thoughts. It seems that the great man's thoughts also have limitations! Liang Qichao's gentle personality has made him miraculously successful in the education of his children: "Three academicians in one school, nine sons are all talented", while his restrained personality has led to his political proposition of "change" (I prefer to understand it as "keeping pace with the times"), which has been quite controversial yet;
Let's look back and look at Zhang Lan, with a gentle look, a standard " "Beautiful bearded man", in the movie " Founding of the Country ", he stood between Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, and the impression left was too deep. However, in real life, Zhang Lan is a typical Sichuanese person with a heroic and generous personality, as the saying goes, "Brother Boys will never give up diarrhea." He spoke frankly throughout his life, and he finally gained the opportunity to study in Japan, but because he was not convinced that Empress Dowager Cixi was almost sent back to China. During the Road Protection Sports , he bravely criticized Zhao Erfeng, during the Beiyang government, and during the Kuomintang, he angrily criticized Chiang Kai-shek, not to mention criticizing Yang Sen, who was a student who was arbitrarily tyrant and tyrant.
Zhang Lan's straightforward personality led to his disagreement with the mainstream social parties at that time and even incompatible with him. Fortunately, Zhang Lan dared to "spoken" his personality's trump card was that he was completely selfless and devoted himself to the country and the people. Therefore, he could always escape unscathed, and his moral reputation increased day by day, resulting in the situation later: "If you get Sichuan, you will get Zhang Lan." The reason why Zhang Lan got Sichuan is that Zhang Lan has such great influence on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also shows the importance of Zhang Lan's neutral position. It seems that with Zhang Lan's personality, he later chose to form the "Democratic League". It is a correct political decision to be able to adjust the centrally between mainstream political parties from an objective and fair position as a third party. It is no wonder that the Chairman Mao meeting was praised in person during the Chongqing negotiations: "I am really a good cousin to the country."
The fourth is the impact of life opportunities. Planning depends on people, and success depends on heaven.Opportunities have a particularly huge impact on a lifetime, and sometimes even decisive. When we meet the right "noble people" at the right time and place, we may succeed. On the contrary, success may pass by us.
Liang Qichao encountered three major opportunities in his life: The first time was to study from the countryside to Xuehaitang, the highest academic institution in the provincial capital. This allowed him to quickly broaden his horizons and systematically learn the traditional Chinese classics, laying the foundation of his life's Chinese studies; The second time was to know Kang Youwei through Chen Qianqiu and beg Kang Youweiwei through Chen Qianqiu The teacher has the experience of learning from Wanmu Caotang later, and has the opportunity and platforms for posting the bus, reform of 1898, participating in the strong learning , and the main author of the "Shiwu News"; The third time is to know Tan Sitong and Yan Fu. These two have a great influence on Liang Qichao's thoughts throughout his life, especially Yan Fu's " day evolutionary " and many Western translations, which have played a great role in promoting Liang Qichao's social enlightenment thoughts.
and Zhang Lan also encountered three major opportunities in his life: The first was in the period of coaching Guang'an Zijing Economic Society. Although the time was short, he met Tongmenghui Sichuan head Pu Dianying, Luo Lun, etc. Later, he became the main organizer in the organization of the road protection campaign and became famous in one battle, achieving the first climax of life; The second l1 was appreciated by the Changyuan Luo Chengxiang during his further study at Sichuan Zunjing Academy and was able to study in Tokyo Hongwen Academy at public expense. During this period, Zhang Lan met Cai E, a proud disciple of Liang Qichao who studied in the Japanese Non-commissioned Officer School. Later, during the War of Protecting the Country, Cai and Zhang were able to work together and were praised by Cai E's "Contemporary Guan Zhong". After the War of Protecting the Country, Zhang Lan had the opportunity to continue to serve in the Sichuan Military Government until he became the governor of Sichuan ; The third time can be summarized as getting along with our party. During Zhang Lan's founding of the Morning Post, he met Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and other leaders of the New Culture Movement, and his second son Zhang Jun was classmates with Chen Yi, Luo Ruiqing and others. During his time in Germany, he joined our party's European branch and became Zhou Enlai's subordinates. Of course, Zhu De and Luo Ruiqing were originally Zhang Lan's students, and later they all joined our party and became important leaders of the party and the country. Because of our relationship with our party, Zhang Lan was able to further understand and understand our party's political propositions to save the country and the people, and it was also the thrilling story of Chairman Mao visiting Teyuan three times during the Chongqing negotiations in 1945 and Zhou Enlai made every effort to rescue Zhang Lan in 1949.
