A military strategist who took the revolution step by step from Hunan Army to the road of revolution. After the founding of New China, he was awarded the honor of "Founder of the Country" . Peng Dehuai's military life, from the establishment of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Pingjiang Uprising to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, led the Eighth Route Army to the fighting several battles with the Japanese army, such as the famous Hundred Regiments Battle .
During the War of Liberation, liberated the northwest , and after the founding of New China, joined resisted U.S. aggression and aid Korea , and drove the joint army back to the "38th parallel".
is like this, the ever-winning general who has made great achievements in , and it is not without losing. When General Peng recalled his military campaign, he also said that he had lost four games in his life. Among them, Guanjiadou battle has always been controversial in military history. What's going on?
Peng Dehuai
"Who dares to stand up, only I, General Peng"
Before understanding the battle of Guanjiadang, let's learn about Peng Dehuai first. On October 24, 1898, Peng Dehuai was born in Peng Jiaweizi, Xiangtan, Hunan. His original name was Peng Dehua. He studied for two years when he was young, but because his family was poor, he dropped out of school and went to the coal mine to do hard work.
18 years old joined the Hunan Army as a soldier. Since childhood, he was deeply influenced by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement , and he hated imperialism and the rule of warlords. In addition, he participated in the famine and people quarreled in his youth, so inspired his ideological basis to save the country and the people to save the people and and to enrich the country and strengthen the army.
Peng Dehuai, who was inspecting with a telescope, later secretly organized the "Poor Rescue Association" because of his sympathy for poverty and hatred of evil. He later entered the Hunan Army Officer's Military Academy. After graduation, he returned to the Hunan Army and was incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army with the army . However, under the influence of the Communist Party 1 Duan Dechang , he began to accept the idea of communist , and officially joined the Communist Party of China in 1928.
In the same year, he led the Pingjiang Uprising and formed the 5th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and established a revolutionary base. He then met with the 4th Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De in Jinggangshan , and since then he started his military life.
Peng Dehuai (center) and Mao Zedong (right)
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Peng Dehuai and Zhu De commanded the Eighth Route Army to the North China front line, cooperated with the Kuomintang to carry out fight against the Japanese army, and later mobilized the masses in the North China region, calling on everyone to actively participate. The purpose is to expand the armed forces and establish an anti-Japanese base in .
During this period, Peng Dehuai participated in many battles in the anti-Japanese war, and most of them achieved excellent results in , which made the enemy fall into trouble. In the end, under pressure from all sides, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the anti-fascist allies in 1945. During the War of Liberation, Peng Dehuai used his extraordinary command ability and courageous determination to liberate the Northwest .
War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea
In 1950, just one year after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the US military provoked the incident on the Korean Peninsula, seriously threatening the security of China's borders. Therefore, Peng Dehuai resolutely decided to command Chinese People's Volunteer Army , and in the battle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, they defeated the "United Army " led by the United States back to the "38th Parallel" , forcing the joint army to accept the armistice negotiations.
When Peng Dehuai described his life in his later years in . In these battles experienced by Peng Dehuai personally, Peng Dehuai reflected on himself and felt that horses had stumbles and people had stumbles. There were many under-doing in . The Battle of Ganzhou . The Battle of Guanjiadian during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and Longdong during the War of Resistance Against U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. These four major battles were called Peng Dehuai's four defeats by later generations. Among them, . The Battle of Guanjiadian during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and Aggression and Aid Korea have always had two controversies in military history...
Peng Dehuai (center)
Four defeats, one of the four major defeats, Guanjiawu Battle
Because of the increasing ambitions of the Japanese army and its cruel and cruelty, this aroused the anger and hatred of the Eighth Route Army leaders like Peng Dehuai, who was as jealous as evil as the patriotic and people. Therefore, the Eighth Route Army leaders such as Peng Dehuai, Peng Dehuai, and Zuo Quan, were preparing to find opportunities to eliminate the invading Japanese army and attack their arrogance.
. Every time the Japanese army was defeated continuously under the strong attack of the Eighth Route Army, the Japanese army that suffered defeat would launch a larger-scale sweep operation. , the person responsible for this sweeping mission was really completed by the Okazaki Battalion led by Kencho Okazaki, the staff officer of the 37th Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Army. The Okazaki Battalion had about 510 troops participating in the battle, equipped with a mountain cannon squadron and 3 mountain cannons.
Peng Dehuai and his wife Ura Anxiu
At that time, Okazaki Brigade entered Huangyadong along the Tongyu River Valley. It happened that the Water Waist Arsenal at the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Huangyadong Valley was located here. This arsenal can produce more than 400 rifles and a large number of bullets per month. It is an important military resource for .
So when Peng Dehuai heard the news that the Japanese army had entered Huangya Cave, he was furious and immediately ordered the 772nd Regiment and the 16th Regiment of the 386th Brigade to rush to Huangya Cave and repel the Japanese army.
At this time, the Okazaki Brigade in Huangya Cave was not familiar with the local terrain and did not dare to make a decision to leave the designated route of the map. Therefore, did not find through the Eighth Route Army Water Waist Arsenal where Zhu De carefully selected the location.
Chen Geng (third from left) and Peng Dehuai (second from right in front row)
When they saw the Eighth Route Army troops coming to support Okazaki Brigade , they panicked. After setting fire, they immediately fled from Huangya Cave . Subsequently, under the harassment of military and civilians in the Anti-Japanese Base Area, Okazaki Brigade was forced to retreat to the vicinity of Guanjiawu in Panlong Town.
just happened to have just finished the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, which had just finished the battle of Yuliao, was resting near Panlong Town. In this way, our army had a clear numerical advantage. Therefore, Peng Dehuai decided to annihilate the Okazaki Brigade in Guanjiadong.
Peng Dehuai and the soldiers
On October 29, Peng Dehuai was about to personally command the battle after rushing to Panlong Town. Then Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Geng and others arrived one after another. After a little rest, a meeting was held. Peng Dehuai issued the combat arrangements. Peng Dehuai, who was commanded by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping, one part of the 486th Brigade of the 129th Division and one part of the newly formed 10th Brigade; Chen Geng came to command one part of the 385th Brigade and one part of the 25th and 38th Regiments of the 1st Column of the Death; while Peng Dehuai personally commanded the mountain artillery company of the headquarters artillery regiment.
Just five hours after deploying the careful plan, Chief of Staff Zuo Quan suddenly received the information that the Okazaki Brigade had captured Guan Jiawu and Liushuwu at this time, and was anxious.
Peng Dehuai (first from left)
Because the terrain of Guanjiadian is surrounded by hills, it happens that there is a flat land of several hundred meters at the top of the mountain, which is very suitable for defense . There are cliffs in the north, and there is a ditch under the cliff. The slopes on the east and west sides are relatively steep, and only the terrain on the south side is relatively flat. is suitable for attacking .
. On the opposite side of the slope to the south is the Willow Tree, which is higher than Guanjia Hall. The two hills form a corner . From the Willow Tree, you can use the firepower to control the small path leading to Guanjia Hall.
Guanjiawu and Liushuwu terrain
So Okazaki Brigade after occupying these two places built fortifications and set up several machine guns . This is very troublesome for the Eighth Route Army , which does not have heavy firepower weapons.
After much thinking, Zuo Quan considered that 3 a.m. is the time for people to be tired and relax their vigilance. At this time, the attack could greatly reduce our casualties. At the beginning, the fight was relatively smooth, but as time went by, the Japanese army quickly "wake up" and quickly suppressed with firepower.
offensive deployment map
Our temporarily retreated in order to reduce unnecessary casualties, one hour later, the time for the general attack came. After the artillery fired several shells, the large army began to charge Guan Jiadan and Liushudan .
The Eighth Route Army attacked Xia Liushuwan several times, but was soon fought back by the Japanese army. At the same time, the Eighth Route Army also paid a heavy price for . At this time, Chen Geng asked Peng Dehuai whether he could retreat temporarily and discuss ways to attack.
At this time, Peng Dehuai decided to continue attacking , saying that even if fights all, he will still win Guanjiawan . Chen Geng asked, what should I do after fights all now?
The soldiers shot
Peng Dehuai made up his mind to annihilate the Okazaki brigade, "I will replenish it after fighting all the battle. If I can't fight hard, then this army has no future in the future."
But The Japanese army's firepower was not stopped, and the soldiers quickly fell down . At this time, everyone persuaded to Peng Dehuai to find another opportunity to fight again, but Peng Dehuai believed that it was necessary to annihilate the Japanese army in one go.
, but in the end, he failed to capture Guan Jiawu, and withdrew from the battle before the Japanese reinforcements. A few days later, Peng Dehuai and others boarded Guanjiawu again, checked the offensive built by the Japanese army and carefully studied the enemy's firepower configuration, and learned from it.
Peng Dehuai and Deng Xiaoping, who deployed the combat plan,
. This is a controversial war
. For this battle, later military strategists were divided into two extremes. Many people believe that The weapons and equipment of the Eighth Route Army at that time were not suitable for fighting the war head-on to face , and is more suitable for guerrilla and interspersed combat .
But on the plus side, this battle is an important battle in the "Hundred Regiments War". This battle severely hit the Japanese army's " cage policy " , making the Japanese afraid, and dare not sweep easily.
Guanjiadian battle site
Moreover, Peng Dehuai insisted on fighting Guanjiadian to tell the Chinese people that the Eighth Route Army was the main force of the Anti-Japanese War. It not only could fight guerrillas, but also needed to attack and defend, and fight to the death of .
is not afraid of strong enemies, and has a firm will to overcome difficulties
After countless bloody battles, the Chinese army failed and won a great victory . How many people have paid for their fresh lives to forge the current invincible army. In subsequent foreign battles such as the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the Self-Defense Counterattack against Vietnam, and other foreign battles, the Chinese army was also obliged to build a firm will with blood and flesh.
Soldiers who fought bravely to fight the enemy
