"Five. Three" tragedy in Jinan (May 3, 1928 - May 1929)
From June 27 to July 7, 1927, the Tanaka cabinet of Japan held the " Oriental Conference ", and decided: 1. Protect the vested interests in China, and in order to defend itself, he will not hesitate to send troops; 2. He will take on the responsibility of public security in Northeast China and make Manchu and Mongolia separate from China and independent. During this period, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet Tanaka Yoshiichi presented the Emperor with the "HTM2 Empire's Positive Fundamental Policy to Manchu and Mongolia" (i.e. "HTM2 Tanaka Memorial "), openly proclaiming: "If you want to conquer China, you must first conquer Manchu and Mongolia; if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer China", thus establishing the dominance strategy of using "Manchu and Mongolia" as the base of invasion and determining the specific policy of invading China.
1927, the Japanese cabinet held the "Oriental Conference". Since then, Japan has accelerated its aggressive expansion against China. The third person from the right is the new Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiichi Tanaka.
In May of this year, when Northern Expedition Army entered Shandong, Japan used the excuse of protecting the expatriates to dispatch 3,000 troops to land on Qingdao . In July, it once occupied Jinan and massacred the Chinese people. They attempted to obstruct the unification of the National Revolutionary Army's Northern Expedition and China in order to enjoy the profits of Chinese warlord separatist forces. Later, he evacuated due to the suspension of military operations in the Northern Expedition.
In April 1928, the Northern Expedition Army once again headed straight to Shandong. Japan continued to claim to protect the expatriates and once again sent troops to Shandong, attempting to prevent the Northern Expedition Army from crossing the Hebei region to achieve a conspiracy to split China. In late April, thousands of Japanese troops arrived in Jinan. They occupied the commercial port area outside the Xicheng Gate, built fortifications, set up iron nets, and blocked traffic. On May 1, the Northern Expedition Army defeated Zhang Zongchang and other troops from Shandong and occupied Jinan. During this period, the Japanese army set up three "warning areas" in the Jinan Commercial Port District, and began to shoot and kill Chinese military and civilians for no reason, deliberately provoking trouble. At 9 a.m. on May 3, under the command of the Supreme Commander Hikasuke Fukuda Division, the Japanese invading Army suddenly launched an attack on the two battalions of the 7th Regiment of the 3rd Division of the 40th Army of the Northern Expedition Army.
In April 1928, Japan sent troops to Shandong and attacked the provincial capital Jinan on May 3. The picture shows the Japanese 6th Division shelling Jinan City.
At the same time, the Japanese army also started a massacre. Whenever they encountered Chinese people, they would fire guns and cannons. The streets were full of corpses. Children, women, workers, vendors, students and soldiers were terrible. The radio station of the Northern Expedition Army was blown up, and all the officers and soldiers guarding Taiwan were killed. The Japanese army also openly undermined diplomatic practices, seized Huang Hui, the Foreign Minister of the National Government, and beat Cai Gongshi, the new diplomatic special agent in Shandong, and brutally cut off his ears, noses and tongues and killed him. 16 of Cai Gongshi's entourages were also brutally ravaged and killed.
Cai Gongshi (1888-1928) Field Government Affairs Commissioner and Diplomatic Director of the General Command of the National Revolutionary Army, from Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. During negotiations with Japan, the Japanese army was brutally killed by the Japanese army. On May 4, the Japanese army continued to kill the military and civilians. Commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army Chiang Kai-shek ordered to "bear humiliation and bear heavy burdens" to withdraw from Jinan and detour to the "Northern Expedition". The Japanese army was not satisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's repeated retreat. On the 7th, the Japanese army submitted an ultimatum to Chiang Kai-shek.
After the "Five.3" tragedy, the Japanese division commander Hikasuke Fukuda wrote this letter and made unreasonable requests to Chiang Kai-shek, commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army.
htmlOn the 8th, the Japanese army ordered the siege of the city with heavy artillery (the commercial port area is outside the old city of Jinan), and the city gates caught fire, burning more than a thousand houses. The two regiments of Chinese defenders Li Yannian and Deng Yinfan fought tenaciously and were later ordered to retreat. On May 11, Jinan fell, and hundreds of wounded soldiers who entered the city to commit adultery, plunder, and were all massacred by the Japanese army. The Japanese army also searched door to door in the name of catching plainclothes teams, using iron to pierce meat, and tortured them in a long list until they were killed. Some Japanese living in Jinan also organized so-called "bossessions" to kill Chinese students, workers and clerks who usually have anti-Japanese remarks or ban Japanese goods. Afterwards, according to the Jinan Branch of the World Red Cross, 6,123 people died and more than 1,700 people were injured in the "Jinan Massacre". Because the tragedy began on May 3, it is also called the "Five.3" tragedy.
In the "Five.3" tragedy, our revolutionary soldiers and Jinan citizens were assassinated by the Japanese army.
On March 28, 1929, the Chinese and Japanese governments signed a Ji case agreement, stipulating that the Nanjing military government is responsible for protecting the lives and property of Japanese overseas Chinese. The Japanese army retreated in two months (actually failed to retreat on schedule). As the National Government surrendered to Japan, the "Jinan Massacre" was finally concluded.
"Five.Three" tragedy picture
