Hetao area, roughly the upper part of the word "天" in Yellow River , is a wilderness of the river. The tributaries and forks of the Yellow River in this area are a bit like ropes for horses, so they are called Hetao.
In ancient times, the Yellow River flooded, and there was a saying among the people that "the Yellow River is harmful to all kinds of harm, and only rich is the only way to go." Although the precipitation in the Hetao area is not large, the terrain is flat and the soil is fertile, and it has the conditions for large-scale farming.
Northeast Plain is divided into three major blocks: Sanjiang Plain, , Songnen Plain, and Liaohe Plain. The Hetao area is also divided into several major blocks, roughly including the East Taurus Plain (front Taurus Plain and back Taurus Plain), and the West Taurus Plain. These sections of Henan.
[Front cover plain]
Front cover plain also known as Hohhot Plain, it was called Chilechuan and Tumochuan , roughly The area of Daqing Mountain, Manhan Mountain, and the Yellow River besieged city. The front flat plain is about 1,000 meters above sea level and is a faulted basin with a length of about 180 kilometers from east to west, 19 kilometers to 150 kilometers from north to south, and an area of about 10,000 square kilometers.
Daheihe River flows from north to south, flows down from Daqing Mountain, and meets the Yellow River. Its main stream is about 236 kilometers long, making it the tributary of the Yellow River in the foreclosed plain. The Dahei River is turbid and dark, washing down the nutrients of the humus layer of the Daqing Mountains, and the wild is fertile and fertile, so it is suitable for farming and herds.
The main stream of the Heihe River flows from northeast to southwest, forming a convective pattern with the Yellow River, so it is called a reverse tributary. Nowadays, the irrigation canals in the front plains are crisscrossing the Dahei River and the Yellow River have been replaced by several artificial canals, and the spectacular scene of the Dahei River flowing into the Yellow River will never be seen again.
Warring States period , Zhao Wuling King set up Yunzhong County in the Qiantao Plain and Manhan Mountain, and Yunzhong City is located in the lower reaches of the Dahei River (now Tokto County ). Qin Dynasty continues Zhao State pattern still set up Yunzhong County. In the early Han Dynasty, the Manhan Mountain and other mountains in the eastern part of Yunzhong County were split into Dingxiang County .
King Zhao Wuling built Yuanyang City in the northeast of the Qiantao Plain and the middle of the Dahei River. This is the predecessor of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia today. King Wuling of Zhao built Yuanyang into a cavalry training base, with the general Niu Jian in charge, and specially trained cavalry for Zhao State. The Qin Dynasty Meng Tian attacked Xiongnu northwards. After recapturing the Hetao area, Hetao was called New Qinzhong , and a Xianyang city was built in Yunzhong County.
578, Genghis Khan's 17th generation grandson Altan Khan , imitating Yuan Dynasty Dadu, and building Hohhot City. Half green mountains and half city, not called Huangsha Yueyin Mountain. Hohhot has an annual precipitation of only about 400 mm, but it has a population of about 3.12 million (2020).
[Houpao Plain]
Houpao Plain is roughly surrounded by Langshan, Yinshan Mountains , Wula Mountain and the Yellow River Area. The Houtao Plain is about 1,000-1,100 meters above sea level, about 180 kilometers from east to west, 40-80 kilometers from north to south, and an area of about 10,000 square kilometers.
The Yellow River goes north from the Xitaka Plain and is blocked by the Yinshan Mountains. Its flow direction is changed from north to south to west, with an angle of about 90 degrees and an arc shape.
方 means stone steps and stone roads. 方口 The river bank is stone and the base layer is hard; the mouth means that the Yellow River is divided into multiple forks here, and the largest water volume in the north is Wujia River (Bei River), to the south is the main stream of the Yellow River (Nan River). (In ancient times, the Beihe River was the main stream, and the Nanhe River was the fork stream)
Beihe River has a large amount of water, overflowing in the northwest direction of Tangkou to form Tushenze, which is 120 miles wide from east to west (about 50 kilometers). Until , the Qing Dynasty , the Beihe River channel gradually silted, the flow gradually decreased or even diverted, and Tushenze disappeared due to the decrease in water sources.
Beihe was blocked by the Ula Mountains in the northeast of the Houtao Plain, turning to the south, forming Wuliangsuhai . Wuliangsuhai is about 35 to 40 kilometers long from north to south, 5 to 10 kilometers wide from east to west, and has an area of about 200-300 square kilometers.
Beihe crosses Wuliangsuhai and Nanhe merge, and then merges into the main stream of the Yellow River, flowing eastward with the Wula Mountains to the Forewa Plain.
Warring States During the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao set up Wuyuan County in the Houtao Plain and the Wula Mountain. The first day of the Han Dynasty was divided into two, and the Houtao Plain was established Shuofang County . Wuyuan County was north and south of the Wula Mountain.
The back of the plain is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with fields crisscrossing, rivers and fertile fields thousands of miles. However, the river water in the and the back area is unevenly distributed with the seasons, with severe flooding and unsuitable for farming. In ancient times, there were no major cities like Hohhot or Yinchuan in the Western treasury.
The back plain is suitable for seasonal grazing. In ancient times, all the cities were built on the outer hillsides. Now the main city Bayannur City has a population of about 1.69 million (2017). Wuyuan County, located between the back and front and front and front and front and front and main cities, has a population of about 2.89 million (2018), which means that from the front and back, land suitable for cultivation has gradually decreased and the population has gradually decreased. With a decrease, the ancient pattern may be more obvious.
[Western Taurus Plain]
Western Taurus Plain is also known as Ningxia Plain , roughly the area surrounded by Helan Mountain and the Yellow River, starting from Shapotou, Zhongwei in the south and ending at Shizui Mountain in the north , the Weining Plain in the south and the north Yinchuan Plain , and in the middle is Qingtongxia . The Xitaka Plain is 1100-1200 meters above sea level. It is formed by the alluvial flow of the Yellow River and its forks after the fault is sank. It is about 280 kilometers long from north to south, 10-50 kilometers wide from east to west, and an area of about 7,800 square kilometers.
There are multiple Yellow River forks on the Xitaka Plain, Qinqu in the Qin Dynasty, Hanyanqu in the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty in the Tanglaiqu , html l1The Honghua Canal of the Ming Dynasty , and the of the Qing Dynasty Huinong Canal , etc., modern Xitou Canal, among which Huinong Canal and Xitou Canal flow into the Yellow River again, forming a large-scale self-flowing irrigation canal network, which has made the reputation of the Xitou Plain on the south of the Yangtze River.
There is a nursery rhyme in Ningxia: Ningxia River, the two ends are pointed, the east is the Yellow River and the west is the Helan Mountain, the Jinchuan Yinchuan Miliangchuan.
【Henan Land】
Henan Land is roughly the northwest corner of the middle of the Yellow River "Ji", located north of Baiyushan , from north to south, including the Kubuqi Desert, Ordos Plateau , Mu Us Sand.
Mu Us Sand has changed a lot in ancient and modern times. Before the Song Dynasty, there were thousands of miles of fertile land, abundant water and grass, cattle and horses, and flocks of sheep were blocked.
Two Song and Xixia have fought for more than a hundred years. They often use materials locally in the Mu Usu Sand, logging wood to build camps and siege equipment, cutting trees and cooking rice, and even burning forests to fight. The soil and soil of Mu Us sand were severely damaged, and the vegetation on the ground was completely lost. Later, the flying sand was piled up and the city was lit.
By the end of the last century, the Mu Usu Sand was filled with yellow sand. After decades of governance, the greening of the Mu Usu Sand has improved to the naked eye.
[The place that must be fought for in Hetao]
Hetao area is south of Yinshan . In ancient times, it was a place where the Central Plains dynasties and nomadic peoples repeatedly competed for.
From 215 BC to 214 BC, Meng Tian led an army of 300,000 to attack the Huns in the north and seized the Hetao area. The Qin Dynasty continued the pattern of Zhao State and established two counties, with Yunzhong County in the east and Jiuyuan County in the west. Later, 30,000 households were migrated to Hetao to guard the border and built Xianyang City in Yunzhong County. The Qin Dynasty called Hetao the New Qinzhong.
Qin State and Qin Dynasty called Guanzhong as Qinzhong. This positioning of the new Qinzhong shows the Qin Dynasty's emphasis on the Hetao region. A few years later, arable land was opened up on the desolate fields in Xinqin, and the post offices were facing each other. Unfortunately, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up, Wang Li and his army went south, and the defense in the Yinshan Great Wall in the north was useless, and the Hetao area was thrown to the Huns.
During the period when the three-legged tripod of Liao and Western Xia in Liao and Western Xia were in power, Xixia controlled the Houtao Plain, Xitao Plain, and Henan area in the Hetao region, plus the "Ji" character in the west of the Yellow River Hexi Corridor . Although the front set of plains is in the hands of Liao Dynasty , it still does not affect the Western Xia’s three-point division of the world.
During the Southern Song , the territory of the eastern part of the Western Xia Dynasty expanded, but the front plain was still in the hands of Jin Dynasty .
If Xixia can control the front set plain and take over the entire Hetao area, its strength will definitely be stronger.
